scholarly journals Advanced Soft Defect Screen Methodology for Nano-Scale SRAM Yield Improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pangyum Kim ◽  
Hyungtae Kim ◽  
Youngdae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Electrical Stress ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Control Circuits ◽  
Margin Control ◽  
Resistive Defects

Abstract As technology scales down, the density of Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) devices increases drastically, and their storage capacity grows at the same time. Moreover, SRAMs become more prone to physical defects in each technology node. In addition, resistive defects and parametric defects are increasing which are hard to detect by the conventional test. Thus, the need of effective tests with high fault coverage and low cost increases. In this work, we study the reuse of assist technique (read and write assist) and timing margin control technique, commonly applied to improve the functional margins of SRAM core-cells, to improve the coverage of hard-to-detect marginal defects. This analysis is based on extensive injection of resistive bridging defects in core-cells of a commercial low-power SRAM. We show that assist circuits and timing control circuits can be leveraged to increase the defect coverage can be increases up to 28% at nominal operation voltage by simulation. Some successful case studies are also discussed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed electrical stress test methodology.

scholarly journals Sensor Networks for Structures Health Monitoring: Placement, Implementations, and Challenges—A Review

Vibration ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-584
Author(s):  
Samir Mustapha ◽  
Ye Lu ◽  
Ching-Tai Ng ◽  
Pawel Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Successful Case

The development of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems and their integration in actual structures has become a necessity as it can provide a robust and low-cost solution for monitoring the structural integrity of and the ability to predict the remaining life of structures. In this review, we aim at focusing on one of the important issues of SHM, the design, and implementation of sensor networks. Location and number of sensors, in any SHM system, are of high importance as they impact the system integration, system performance, and accuracy of assessment, as well as the total cost. Hence we are interested in shedding the light on the sensor networks as an essential component of SHM systems. The review discusses several important parameters including design and optimization of sensor networks, development of academic and commercial solutions, powering of sensors, data communication, data transmission, and analytics. Finally, we presented some successful case studies including the challenges and limitations associated with the sensor networks.

scholarly journals Intelligent Control Wheelchair Using a New Visual Joystick

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassine Rabhi ◽  
Makrem Mrabet ◽  
Farhat Fnaiech
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Functional Rehabilitation ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Real Patients

A new control system of a hand gesture-controlled wheelchair (EWC) is proposed. This smart control device is suitable for a large number of patients who cannot manipulate a standard joystick wheelchair. The movement control system uses a camera fixed on the wheelchair. The patient’s hand movements are recognized using a visual recognition algorithm and artificial intelligence software; the derived corresponding signals are thus used to control the EWC in real time. One of the main features of this control technique is that it allows the patient to drive the wheelchair with a variable speed similar to that of a standard joystick. The designed device “hand gesture-controlled wheelchair” is performed at low cost and has been tested on real patients and exhibits good results. Before testing the proposed control device, we have created a three-dimensional environment simulator to test its performances with extreme security. These tests were performed on real patients with diverse hand pathologies in Mohamed Kassab National Institute of Orthopedics, Physical and Functional Rehabilitation Hospital of Tunis, and the validity of this intelligent control system had been proved.

Simulation and Design of a Silicon Nanowire based Phase Change Memory Cell

2012 ◽  
Vol 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Banan Sadeghian ◽  
Yusuf Leblebici ◽  
Ali Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silicon Nanowire ◽  
Phase Change Memory ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Nanowire Diameter ◽  
Change Memory

ABSTRACTIn this work we present preliminary calculations and simulations to demonstrate feasibility of programming a nanoscale Phase Change Random Access Memory (PCRAM) cell by means of a silicon nanowire ballistic transistor (SNWBT). Memory cells based on ballistic transistors bear the advantage of having a small size and high-speed operation with low power requirements. A one-dimensional MOSFET model (FETToy) was used to estimate the output current of the nanowire as a function of its diameter. The gate oxide thickness was 1.5 nm, and the Fermi level at source was set to -0.32 eV. For the case of VDS = VGS = 1 V, when the nanowire diameter was increased from 1 to 60 nm, the output power density dropped from 109 to 106 W cm-2 , while the current increased from 20 to 90 μA. Finite element electro-thermal analysis were carried out on a segmented cylindrical phase-change memory cell made of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) chalcogenide, connected in series to the SNWBT. The diameter of the combined device, d, and the aspect ratio of the GST region were selected so as to achieve optimum heating of the GST. With the assumption that the bulk thermal conductivity of GST does not change significantly at the nanoscale, it was shown that for d = 24 nm, a ‘reset’ programming current of ID = 80 μA can heat the GST up to its melting point. The results presented herein can help in the design of low cost, high speed, and radiation tolerant nanoscale PCRAM devices.

Innovative Water Control Technique for Horizontal Wells in Isotropic Reservoirs - Successful Case History From Belayim Field

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed. F. El Gogary ◽  
Hossam. H. El-Masry ◽  
Mostafa. M. Kortam ◽  
Hany. R. El-Rayek
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Successful Case

Research and Development of Damping Device for Light Weight Mechanical Structure Using Damping Effect Caused by Eddy Current

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Furuya ◽  
Keiji Ogata ◽  
Toyohiko Tanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Kurabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Current ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Damping Effect ◽  
Kobe Earthquake

A base-isolation and vibration control technique has been applied positively to architectural and civil structures after Kobe earthquake, and now the techniques are adopted as general vibration reduction technique for many structures. In such situation, an application of the vibration attenuation device to the small-scale structure has been carried out actively in recent years. Especially, in the important institution of the cities such as a refuge place, a hospital, a school, an information and a communication institution where function maintenance is needed, it is important to maintain its performance of the machinery and equipment in the facility with an upgrade of structural seismic safety. Moreover, in the future, upgrading of seismic safety of the particular equipments is urgent business. This study has been examined a low cost and compact damping device for base-isolation system of light weight mechanical structures like a computer server rack. In this paper, the experimental and analytical results on the basic performances of the damping device using damping effect by Eddy-Current.

scholarly journals Distributed Optimal Random Access Scheme for Energy Harvesting Devices in Satellite Communication Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Pengxu Li ◽  
Gaofeng Cui ◽  
Weidong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Iteration Algorithm

This paper considers satellite communication networks where each satellite terminal is equipped with energy harvesting (EH) devices to supply energy continuously, and randomly transmits bursty packets to a geostationary satellite over a shared wireless channel. Packet replicas combined with a successive iteration cancellation scheme can reduce the negative impact of packet collisions but consume more energy. Hence, appropriate energy management policies are required to mitigate the adverse effect of energy outages. Although centralized access schemes can provide better performance on the networks’ throughput, they expend extra signallings to allocate the resources, which leads to non-negligible communication latencies, especially for the satellite communication networks. In order to reduce the communication overhead and delay, a distributed random access (RA) scheme considering the energy constraints is studied. Each EH satellite terminal (EH-ST) decides whether to transmit the packet and how many replicas are transmitted according to its local energy and EH rates to maximize the average long-term network throughput. Owing to the nonconvexity of this problem, we adopted a game theoretic method to approximate the optimal solution. By forcing all the EH-STs to employ the same policy, we characterized and proved the existence and uniqueness of the symmetric Nash equilibrium (NE) of the game. Moreover, an efficient algorithm is proposed to calculate the symmetric NE by combining a policy iteration algorithm and the bisection method. The performance of the proposed RA scheme was investigated via numerous simulations. Simulation results showed that the proposed RA scheme is applicable to the EH devices in the future low-cost interactive satellite communication system.

Characteristics of a System in a Package with Silver Wires

2015 ◽  
Vol 661 ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong Lin Lai ◽  
Wen Jung Chiang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
Eye Diagram ◽  
Fine Pitch ◽  
Aperture Width ◽  
System On A Chip

The system in a package (SiP) including of a system on a chip (SoC) and a double-data-rate-three synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR3 SDRAM) were studied with respect to the high-speed characteristics. The SiP was the multi-chip-module thin-profile fine-pitch ball grid array (MCM TFBGA) package with four-layer substrate. The high-speed 1600-Mbps data rate DDR3 signals were used in the signal integrity (SI) analysis. The SiP with low-cost silver (Ag) wires displayed a 500.18-ps aperture width in the eye diagram, which was successfully achieved signal integrity (SI) performance requirement. This work demonstrated the SiP with the Ag wires was the great potential solution for the advanced high-speed product applications.

scholarly journals Succeeding in international competition by making use of home-country institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Moen
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Low Cost Carrier ◽  
Present Case Study

Purpose – This paper aims to addresses the question how a low-cost carrier (LCC) embedded in a coordinated market economy is succeeding in a highly competitive industry with a strong cost focus. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reports the results of a case study of a LCC (Norwegian Air Shuttle). The case study draws on both organizational and institutional theory as to how the international business environment and the national institutional framework continuously impact on its strategies. Findings – It is found that home-country high wage levels and strong labour regulation have been overcome by developing firm-specific capabilities based on active employee involvement which aligns with the tradition of the national system of industrial relations. Research limitations/implications – The present case study provides an input for further research on how actors deal with conflicting pressures. It supports the varieties of capitalism (VOC) argument that national institutional arrangements influence firms and actors’ strategies and practices, but it also supports the call within institutional theories for a more malleable conceptualizing of the link between actors and institutions than is the case in the VOC models. Originality/value – The paper provides an account of a successful case in a highly competitive international business despite disadvantages linked with home-country institutions.

scholarly journals Optimal Design of FPGA Switch Matrix with Ion Mobility Based Nonvolatile ReRAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Peng Hai-yun ◽  
Zhou Wen-gang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Nonvolatile Memory ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Memory Device ◽  
Resistive Random Access Memory ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
New Device ◽  
Switching Matrix

There are high demands for research of new device with greater accessing speed and stability to replace the current SRAM storage cell. The resistive random access memory (ReRAM) is a metal oxide which is based on nonvolatile memory device possessing the characteristics of high read/write speed, high storage density, low power, low cost, very small cell, being nonvolatile, and unlimited writing endurance. The device has extreme short erasing time and the stored charge cannot be destroyed after power-off. Therefore, the ReRAM device is a significant storage device for many applications in the next generation. In this paper, we first explored the mechanism of the ReRAM device based on ion mobility model and then applied this device to optimize the design of FPGA switching matrix. The results show that it is beneficial to enhance the FPGA performance to replace traditional SRAM cells with ReRAM cells for the switching matrix.

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