scholarly journals Family structure, living arrangements and income inequality in Guatemala between 2000 and 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (28) ◽  
pp. 205-230
Author(s):  
Ilya Espino ◽  
Ana Hermeto ◽  
Luciana Luz
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
Using Data

This paper explores the role of changes in family structure and living arrangements on shaping income distribution in Guatemala using data from the National Survey of Living Conditions (ENCOVI, 2000 and 2014). Specifically, a 12 groups household typology including a gender dimension is proposed, which proved to be useful to illustrate the diversity of Guatemalan households, and how they have changed over these 14 years. We observe modest but relevant trends such as a decline of couples with children under 15, an increase in three-generation families, and an increase in lone-person households and single-parent families. We employ a decomposition analysis. The results suggest that distance “within-groups” matter more on income household distribution. Therefore, trends in family structure and living arrangements associated with the decline of fertility rates and aging do not seem to have contributed to changes in income inequality experienced by Guatemala from 2000 to 2014.

Family Structure and Leaving the Nest: A Social Resource Perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Home Leaving ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Reasons For Staying ◽  
At Home

This article focuses on the role of family structure as a form of social capital (Coleman 1988) in the timing of and pathways for home-leaving behavior among youths. Using data from the 1987 Canadian Youth Foundation Survey, bivariate analyses of reasons for staying and leaving the nest and proportional hazards modeling of age at home-leaving support and extend previous research demonstrating the importance of family structure. Financial, human, and cultural capital, as well as sex and region, are also examined. The most striking finding is that youths exposed to biological and single-parent family environments are between five and six times as likely to remain at home than those exposed to stepfamily structures for the ages 15 to 24, net of the other variables. Interestingly, young adults living in both stepparent and single-parent families are more likely to report leaving home due to conflictual parent-child relations, and to leave the nest to achieve independence rather than to marry or pursue additional schooling. The findings are discussed in terms of their long-term consequences for youths.

Institutions, Models of Capitalism and Inequality in Income Distribution: An Empirical Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Antonelli ◽  
Pinuccia P Calia ◽  
Giovanni Guidetti
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Econometric Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The article analyses the role of institutions in the determination of income inequality in a sample of OECD countries. Basing on the seminal approach by Amable, the article discusses the theoretical definition of model of capitalism. The basic idea is that each model of capitalism is defined by the cobweb of complementary relationships established among different institutions. Using a set of statistical indicators of the operation of institutions in two different years, 1995 and 2010, the empirical analysis points out five models of capitalism and exhibits how their composition has changed in this lapse of 15 years. In the following sections of the article, we investigate the role played by the model of capitalism in the determination of income distribution, measured through a standard Gini index. After controlling for a set of variables, the econometric evidence shows that different models of capitalism present significantly different levels of income inequality.

scholarly journals Inequality over the business cycle: the role of distributive shocks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Marius Clemens ◽  
Ulrich Eydam ◽  
Maik Heinemann
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Bayesian Techniques ◽  
Elasticity Of Intertemporal Substitution ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Business Cycle

Abstract This paper examines how wealth and income inequality dynamics are related to fluctuations in the functional income distribution over the business cycle. In a panel estimation for OECD countries between 1970 and 2016, although inequality is, on average countercyclical and significantly associated with the capital share, one-third of the countries display a pro- or noncyclical relationship. To analyze the observed pattern, we incorporate distributive shocks into an RBC model, where agents are ex ante heterogeneous with respect to wealth and ability. We find that whether wealth and income inequality behave countercyclically or not depends on the elasticity of intertemporal substitution and the persistence of shocks. We match the model to quarterly US data using Bayesian techniques. The parameter estimates point toward a non-monotonic relationship between productivity and inequality fluctuations. On impact, inequality increases in response to TFP shocks but subsequently declines. Furthermore, TFP shocks explain 17% of inequality fluctuations.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Age and Happiness Varies by Income

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimiter Toshkov
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Old Age ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe link between age and happiness has been the subject of numerous studies. It is still a matter of controversy whether the relationship is U-shaped, with happiness declining after youth before bouncing back in old age, or not. While the effect of age has been examined conditional on income and other socio-demographic variables, so far, the interactions between age and income have remained insufficiently explored. Using data from the European Social Survey, this article shows that the nature of the relationship between age and happiness varies strongly with different levels of relative income. People in the lowest decile of the income distribution experience a ‘hockey stick’: a deep decline in self-reported happiness until around age 50–55 and a small bounce back in old age. The classic U-curve is found mostly in the middle-income ranks. For people at the top of the income distribution, average happiness does not vary much with age. These results demonstrate the important role of income in moderating the relationship between age and happiness.

The Role of Behavioral Theory in Model Development Research with Single Parent Families

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Eugene Briggs ◽  
Wendell Cox ◽  
Caroline N. Sharkey ◽  
Nicole Corley ◽  
Adam Christopher Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Single Parent Families

The Threat of Communism during the Cold War: A Constraint to Income Inequality?

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-393
Author(s):  
Andŕe Albuquerque Sant' Anna ◽  
Leonardo Weller
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Empirical Contribution

Did the threat of communism influence income distribution in developed capitalist economies during the Cold War? This article addresses this question by testing whether income inequality in OECD countries was related to events linked to the spread of communism—revolutions and Soviet interventions—around the world. We argue that the threat of the spread of communism acted as an incentive for the elites and governments to keep economic inequality low. This article provides an empirical contribution to the recent literature on inequality, which highlights the role of domestic institutions but ignores the role of the Cold War in redistributing income. We find a robust relationship between income inequality and the distance to communist events. The results, reinforced by cases studied, suggest that the spread of communism fostered income redistribution deals between domestic elites and workers. Finally, we show that these effects were reinforced by strong unions and the presence of strong communist parties.

Regional Economic Growth and Inequality in India: A Sector-wise Decomposition Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 097674792091082
Author(s):  
Ranjan Aneja ◽  
Barkha ◽  
Umer Jeelanie Banday
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Per Capita

This article attempts to examine the behaviour of various sectors, with emphasis on the role of income inequality. First, the article estimates the sectoral decomposition in terms of net state domestic product (NSDP) among different states from years 1991–1992 to 2016–2017. Second, we analyse the sector-wise decomposition of regional inequality in term of per capita income. Finally, we analyse the role of developmental expenditure in regional inequalities in term of per capita developmental expenditure across various states. Based on empirical results, India has witnessed a high growth in per capita income in the post-reform period. With high growth rate, the sectoral composition of income has also registered a major change. The tertiary sector is the major contributor to growth in the post-reform period. At the sectoral level, disparity decreased within the sectors in case of primary and tertiary sector and increased in secondary sector. However, overall, the tertiary and secondary sectors are more responsible for raising the income inequality among the states while primary sector is offsetting this gap. JEL: O15, I14, I32, O12

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