Temporal Variations in Heavy Metal Partitioning and Loading in Urban Highway Pavement Sheet Flow: Implications for In Situ Treatment Design

In situ treatment design for pavement storm water runoff continues to pose unique challenges because of the unsteady nature of processes such as rainfall runoff, mobilization, partitioning, and delivery of heavy metals. Storm water from pavements and roadways transports dissolved, colloidal, and suspended solids in a heterogeneous mixture, and along with pH, alkalinity, traffic levels, and residence time, influences the partitioning of heavy metals. For effective in situ treatment design, an understanding of heavy metal partitioning and temporal wash-off during a rainfall runoff event is a prerequisite. This study investigates zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) partitioning, cumulative loadings, and wash-off in storm water pavement sheet flow from a heavily traveled urban interstate pavement site. Results are presented for a series of eight rainfall runoff events at the instrumented site. Results from partitioning analysis (heavy metal mass transfer) between the dissolved and particulate-bound fractions indicate that Zn, Cd, and Cu masses are predominately dissolved in pavement sheet flow, qsf. Although a relatively insoluble heavy metal, Pb mass was also mostly dissolved. These high dissolved fractions can be attributed to low urban rainfall pH levels, relatively short pavement residence times for the qsf, and low pavement runoff alkalinity. Plots of cumulative heavy metal mass as a function of elapsed runoff time clearly demonstrate that during all events the qsf dissolved fractions dominated the particulate fractions for Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb. As far as delivery, results also indicate that the dissolved masses for Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb generally exhibited a “first flush” compared with their particulate masses. The design of in situ treatment systems or source control best management practices loaded by qsf require data on partitioning and loading for effective treatment.

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Removal of heavy metal from soil and groundwater by in-situ electrokinetic remediation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0586 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (7-8) ◽

pp. 335-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Shiba ◽

S. Hino ◽

Y. Hirata ◽

T. Seno

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Electric Potential ◽

Potential Gradient ◽

Electrokinetic Remediation ◽

Contaminated Aquifer ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Operational Variables ◽

Mass Transport Process

The operational variables of electrokinetic remediation have not been cleared yet, because this method is relatively new and is an innovative technique in the aquifer remediation. In order to investigate the operational variables of the electrokinetic remediation, a mathematical model has been constructed based on the physico chemical mass transport process of heavy metals in pore water of contaminated aquifer. The transport of the heavy metals is driven not only by the hydraulic flow due to the injection of the purge water but also by the electromigration due to the application of the electric potential gradient. The electric potential between anode and cathode is the important operational variable for the electrokinetic remediation. From the numerical simulations with use of this model it is confirmed that the remediation starts from the up stream anode and gradually the heavy metal is transported to the down stream cathode and drawn out through the purge water.

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Assessing Soil and Plant Pollution by Abandoned Rural Waste Dumping Sites in Ningbo, China

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.1149 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 138-139 ◽

pp. 1149-1155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Dong Guan ◽

Ye Hong Du ◽

Zhen Dong Li ◽

An Cheng Luo

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Reference Value ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Contamination Assessment ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Plant Pollution

This paper reports the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the soils and rices surrounding the abandoned rural waste dumping sites in Ningbo. Igeo (geoaccumulation index) was calculated to assess the contamination degree of heavy metals in soils. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb of soils were 33.3, 24.1, 1.5, 118.9 and 45.6 mg/(kg DW) (dry weight), respectively. All of them were much higher than that of the reference value (i.e. CK), but there were no coherent trend of the metal contents within 1-120m distance from the dumping site. Igeo of heavy metals reveals the order of Cd>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn, and the contamination assessment of soils using Igeo indicate the moderate Cd pollution, while the soils were unpolluted-moderately overall by Cr, Cu, Zn as well as Pb. The heavy metal contents in root, stem & leaf and rice grains were all remarkable higher than that of the CK at 20-120 m distances, and the heavy metal contents in root were evidently much higher than other plant parts, while those in rice grain were lowest, indicating the great bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals. Although the metal contents in the rice grain were within the legislation limit, its bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals was remarkable, whose contents were 4.38-fold for Cr, 1.76-fold for Cu, 1.28-fold for Zn, 2.67-fold for Cd and 3.03-fold for Pb higher than that of reference value, respectively. Finally, we proposed a decentralized in-situ restoration approach for the dumping sites.

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Evaluation of the accumulation of sediment and heavy metals in a storm-water detention pond

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0122 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

C. Färm

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Reduction Rate ◽

Storm Water ◽

Total N ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽

Detention Pond ◽

Total P

Accumulation of sediments and water quality were investigated in a wet storm-water detention pond in central Sweden. The drainage area surrounding the pond was covered by a section of highway and secondary roads. Sediment samples were collected from the pond and heavy-metal concentrations analysed subsequently in the laboratory. The depth of accumulated sediments was measured at several points around the pond. The investigation showed that during the 18 months that had passed since the pond was constructed, a 5–8 cm layer of sediments had accumulated near the inlet, and a 1.5 cm layer near the outlet of the pond. Storm water passing through the detention pond showed an average reduction rate of 26–84% for total metal content, 67% for total N, 78% for total P and 92% for COD.

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Heavy Metal Polluted Soils: Effect on Plants and Bioremediation Methods

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2014/752708 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 291

Author(s):

G. U. Chibuike ◽

S. C. Obiora

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Polluted Soils

Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the globe due to increase in geologic and anthropogenic activities. Plants growing on these soils show a reduction in growth, performance, and yield. Bioremediation is an effective method of treating heavy metal polluted soils. It is a widely accepted method that is mostly carried outin situ; hence it is suitable for the establishment/reestablishment of crops on treated soils. Microorganisms and plants employ different mechanisms for the bioremediation of polluted soils. Using plants for the treatment of polluted soils is a more common approach in the bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Combining both microorganisms and plants is an approach to bioremediation that ensures a more efficient clean-up of heavy metal polluted soils. However, success of this approach largely depends on the species of organisms involved in the process.

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Heavy Metal Emission Characteristics of Urban Road Runoff

Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences ◽

10.30564/jees.v2i1.1711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xintuo CHEN ◽

Chengyue LAI ◽

Yibin YUAN ◽

Jia SHE ◽

Yiyao WANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Early Stage ◽

Effective Means ◽

Heavy Metal Concentration ◽

Peak Time ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Dissolved Heavy Metals ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Set Up

Pavement runoff sampling points were set up on the main roads of Chengdu city. Six rainfall-runoff events from July to September in 2017 were sampled by synchronous observation of rainfall, runoff and pollution. The concentration changes of copper, lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium in the runoff process were monitored, and the pollution emission regularity and initial scouring effect were studied. The results show that the emission regularity of pavement runoff pollution is closely related to rainfall characteristics and pollutant occurrence, and the concentration of dissolved heavy metals reaches its peak at the initial stage of runoff. The peak time of particulate heavy metal concentration lagged slightly behind that of rainfall intensity. There is a big difference between the strength of initial scouring degree and dissolved heavy metals the stronger the initial scouring degree of total heavy metals, the weaker the dissolved heavy metals. Reducing pavement runoff in the early stage of rainfall is an effective means to control heavy metal pollution.

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Fungal-bacterial biofilm mediated heavy metal rhizo-remediation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-611789/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amila Henagamage ◽

C.M Peries ◽

G. Seneviratne

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Microbial Consortia ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Plant Toxicity ◽

Microbial Biofilms

Abstract Heavy metal pollution due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers (CF) causes a major damage to the environment. Microbial consortia, closely associated with the rhizosphere are able to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil by reducing plant toxicity. Thus, this study was undertaken to examine the remedial effects of microbial biofilms against contaminated heavy metals. Fungi and bacteria isolated from soil were screened for their tolerance against Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+. Fungal-bacterial biofilms (FBBs) were developed with the highest tolerant isolates and were further screened for their bioremediation capabilities against heavy metals. The best biofilm was evaluated for its rhizoremediation capability with different CF combinations using a pot experiment conducted under greenhouse conditions with potato. Three bacterial and two fungal isolates were selected to develop FBBs upon the tolerance index (TI) percentage. Significantly (P < 0.05) the highest metal removal percentage was observed in Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis biofilm under in situ condition. The biofilm with 50% of recommended CF (50CB) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the soil available Pb2+ by 77%, Cd2+ by 78% and Zn2+ by 62% compared to 100% recommended CF (100C). In comparison to initial soil, it was 73%, 76% and 57% lower of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+, respectively. In addition, 50CB treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the metal penetration into the tuber tissues in comparison with 100C. Thus, it is concluded that T. harzianum–B. subtilis biofilm is an ideal combination to remediate soil contaminated with Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+.

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Best Management Practices to Control Storm Water Runoff at a Large Dairy

10.13031/2013.19810 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Timothy Krause ◽

Marc E. Groenleer

Keyword(s):

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

Storm Water ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Best Management ◽

Storm Water Runoff

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Geospatial Distribution of Metal Elements in Transportation Land Use Surficial Soils

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1797-02 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 1797 (1) ◽

pp. 11-22

Author(s):

Zheng Teng ◽

Joseph A. Smithson ◽

Ping Zhou ◽

John J. Sansalone

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

Organic Content ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Highway Traffic ◽

Surface Drainage ◽

Drainage Patterns ◽

Soil Organic Content

Highway traffic generates heavy metals and particulate matter through various vehicular and tire-pavement abrasion mechanisms. These abraded materials are deposited, they accumulate, and they are transported by storm water. Soils subject to years of such loading can serve as a sink and a potential source for heavy metals. The results of geotechnical analyses, heavy metal distributions, drainage influences, and correlations to geotechnical indices for surficial (0 to 15 cm) glacial till samples recovered from two transects along a heavily traveled urban interstate highway were compared with a control site subjected to only urban atmospheric deposition. This investigation indicated, for this site, that heavy metal accretion in the surficial soils is a function of depth, surface drainage patterns, distance from the pavement edge, and soil indices. Particulate-bound heavy metal deposition and accretion or export were a function of surface flow conditions such as velocity, flow depth, and surface cover. Results indicated that heavy metal accretion rapidly decreases as a function of distance from the traveled roadway. Along the longitudinal transect, correlations between heavy metals and soil organic content were statistically significant, particularly for copper. Along the transverse transect, correlations between soil plasticity, organic content, and heavy metals were statistically significant. Although there is little control of traffic levels and past accretion, indices such as soil organic content and plasticity index, as well as pavement runoff surface drainage patterns, can provide information about whether highway soils might act as a sink or source of heavy metals and, consequently, if best management practices may be justified.

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Heavy Metals in the Water Column of Iloilo- Guimaras Jetty Port (Parola Wharf )

IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation ◽

10.7718/ijec.v6i1.553 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

BRIAN GIL S. SARINAS ◽

LORNA D. GELLADA ◽

MELCHOR M. MAGRAMO ◽

MARLON R. TERUÑEZ

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Water Column ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Sampling Area ◽

The Public ◽

Ph Values ◽

Seawater Samples

Jetty Port (Parola Wharf) in Iloilo City is a depot of passengers going toGuimaras, Philippines. Considering the dearth of studies on the presence of heavymetals in this area, this study was conducted. It aimed to determine the presenceand quantities of available heavy metals specifically lead, cadmium and chromiumin the water column (surface, middle and bottom) of Iloilo-Guimaras Jetty Port. Inaddition, water physicochemical parameters were also measured such as pH, salinityand temperature, in situ. Three sampling areas were identified in the Jetty Port.One liter was collected in the surface, middle and bottom layer of each sampling area for a total of nine seawater samples. The seawater samples were immediatelytransported to the CAS-Analytical Service Laboratory of UPV, Miag-ao, Iloilofor the quantification of available heavy metals through flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometric (FAAS) method. Ph values range from 6.0-7.333, 12.0-13.167ppm for salinity and 27.333-27.567 0C for three sampling areas. Average cadmium,chromium and lead were higher at station 3 with 0.69 mg/L, 0.81 mg/L and 0.339mg/L, respectively. The results showed that mean of Cr > Pb > Cd < Cr in the watercolumn of the three sampling areas, however is not significant, p>.05. Availablecadmium, chromium and lead exceeded the permissive value. This study will giveinformation to the public about the present heavy metal status of the Jetty Port.

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