Geospatial Distribution of Metal Elements in Transportation Land Use Surficial Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 1797 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Zheng Teng ◽  
Joseph A. Smithson ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
John J. Sansalone
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Surface Drainage ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Soil Organic Content

Highway traffic generates heavy metals and particulate matter through various vehicular and tire-pavement abrasion mechanisms. These abraded materials are deposited, they accumulate, and they are transported by storm water. Soils subject to years of such loading can serve as a sink and a potential source for heavy metals. The results of geotechnical analyses, heavy metal distributions, drainage influences, and correlations to geotechnical indices for surficial (0 to 15 cm) glacial till samples recovered from two transects along a heavily traveled urban interstate highway were compared with a control site subjected to only urban atmospheric deposition. This investigation indicated, for this site, that heavy metal accretion in the surficial soils is a function of depth, surface drainage patterns, distance from the pavement edge, and soil indices. Particulate-bound heavy metal deposition and accretion or export were a function of surface flow conditions such as velocity, flow depth, and surface cover. Results indicated that heavy metal accretion rapidly decreases as a function of distance from the traveled roadway. Along the longitudinal transect, correlations between heavy metals and soil organic content were statistically significant, particularly for copper. Along the transverse transect, correlations between soil plasticity, organic content, and heavy metals were statistically significant. Although there is little control of traffic levels and past accretion, indices such as soil organic content and plasticity index, as well as pavement runoff surface drainage patterns, can provide information about whether highway soils might act as a sink or source of heavy metals and, consequently, if best management practices may be justified.

Developing an Algorithm for Urban Flood Management With the Aim of Reducing Damage and Costs Using the Concept of Conditional Value at Risk 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Eshaghieh Firoozabadi ◽  
sara nazif ◽  
Seyed Abbas Hosseini ◽  
Jafar Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Conditional Value At Risk ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Proposed Model

Abstract Flooding in urban area affects the lives of people and could cause huge damages. In this study, a model is proposed for urban flood management with the aim of reducing the total costs. For this purpose, a hybrid model has been developed using SWMM and a quasi-two-dimensional model based on the cellular automata (CA) capable of considering surface flow infiltration. Based on the hybrid model outputs, the best management practices (BMPs) scenarios are proposed. In the next step, a damage estimation model has been developed using depth-damage curves. The amount of damage has been estimated for the scenarios in different rainfall return periods to obtain the damage and cost- probability functions. The conditional value at risk (CVaR) are estimated based on these functions which is the basis of decision making about the scenarios. The proposed model is examined in an urban catchment located in Tehran, Iran. In this study, five scenarios have been designed on the basis of different BMPs. It has been found that the scenario of permeable pavements has the lowest risk. The proposed model enables the decision makers to choose the best scenario with the minimum cost taking into account the risk associated with each scenario.

scholarly journals Seasonal assessment, treatment and removal of heavy metal concentrations in a tropical drinking water reservoir

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshood Keke Mustapha ◽  
Joy Chinenye Ewulum
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Materials

AbstractHeavy metals are present in low concentrations in reservoirs, but seasonal anthropogenic activities usually elevate the concentrations to a level that could become a health hazard. The dry season concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc were assessed from three sites for 12 weeks in Oyun reservoir, Offa, Nigeria. Triplicate surface water samples were collected and analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trend in the level of concentrations in the three sites is site C > B > A, while the trend in the levels of the concentrations in the reservoir is Ni > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Hg. Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg were found to be higher than the WHO guidelines for the metals in drinking water. The high concentration of these metals was from anthropogenic watershed run-off of industrial effluents, domestic sewages and agricultural materials into the reservoir coming from several human activities such as washing, bathing, fish smoking, especially in site C. The health effects of high concentration of these metals in the reservoir were highlighted. Methods for the treatment and removal of the heavy metals from the reservoir during water purification such as active carbon adsorption, coagulation-flocculation, oxidation-filtration, softening treatment and reverse osmosis process were highlighted. Other methods that could be used include phytoremediation, rhizofiltration, bisorption and bioremediation. Watershed best management practices (BMP) remains the best solution to reduce the intrusion of the heavy metals from the watershed into the reservoir.

Heavy metal removal from wastewater and leachate co-treatment sludge by sulfur oxidizing bacteria

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Aralp ◽  
A. Erdincler ◽  
T. T. Onay
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Heavy metal concentration in sludge is one of the major obstacles for the application of sludge on land. There are various methods for the removal of heavy metals in sludge. Using sulfur oxidizing bacteria for microbiological removal of heavy metals from sludges is an outstanding option because of high metal solubilization rates and the low cost. In this study, bioleaching by indigenous sulfur oxidizing bacteria was applied to sludges generated from the co-treatment of municipal wastewater and leachate for the removal of selected heavy metals. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria were acclimated to activated sludge. The effect of the high organic content of leachate on the bioleaching process was investigated in four sets of sludges having different concentrations of leachate. Sludges in Sets A, B, C and D were obtained from co-treatment of wastewater and 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (v/v) leachate respectively. The highest Cr, Ni and Fe solubilization was obtained from Set A. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria were totally inhibited in Set D that received the highest volume of leachate.

Restoration of estuarine wetlands using thin cover placement: A pilot application in Brunswick, Georgia

Shore & Beach ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Ram Mohan ◽  
Mark Reemts ◽  
Prashant Gupta ◽  
Richard Galloway ◽  
Tim Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Marsh Area ◽  
Access Road

This paper presents the design concepts and basis for using a thin layer cover (TLC) of sand to restore historically impacted wetlands in Georgia’s Brunswick estuary. The project site is a mix of tidal creeks, marshes, brackish estuary, and an adjacent upland area that has been affected by historical industrial operations. A pilot project to test cover placement methodology and performance in advance of future full-scale TLC implementation was completed in 2018. It involved placing 6-9 inches of material in a 2/3-acre marsh area. Two material types — sand and higher organic content fines — were tested. The contractor, Sevenson Environmental Services, identified the appropriate equipment, means, and methods to hydraulically convey and place the TLC material within the pilot area in accordance with stated performance objectives. A mat-based access road was installed to enable equipment to move the pipeline and spray nozzle for fine placement control within the pilot marsh area. The thin cover placed in the field ranged from 6-12 inches thick (versus the design thickness of 6-9 inches) to meet the minimum required thickness and account for over placement. A 30- to 45-degree spray yielded the best distribution of materials for the equipment used. Placement of sandy material was faster and more uniform than fines due to the material’s enhanced settling characteristics and ease of distribution. A modified topsoil-fines mix with a baffle plate eventually permitted optimal placement of fines within the study area while maintaining the target organic content. Turbidity in the water discharged from the pilot area was minimized by environmental controls (e.g. perimeter hay bales) installed by the contractor. The mat-based access road initially experienced some settlement due to loading on the soft sediments and marsh root mat; the road required restoration following project completion. Physical and vegetative monitoring conducted in six-month increments over a two-year period indicated strong natural recolonization of vegetation and the re-establishment of benthic species including fiddler crab. This paper presents lessons learned, design implications, and best management practices for future thin cover placement projects in estuarine settings.

Water quality modeling to evaluate BMPs in rice paddies

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Jeon ◽  
C.G. Yoon ◽  
H.S. Hwang ◽  
K.W. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Rice Paddies ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Dirac Delta ◽  
Surface Drainage

A water quality model applicable to rice paddies was developed using field data from 1999–2002. Use of the Dirac delta function efficiently explained the nutrient-concentration characteristics of ponded water. The model results agreed reasonably well with the observed data. The ponded-water quality was influenced primarily by fertilization; nutrient concentration was especially high during early cultivation periods. Reducing surface drainage during the fertilization period may substantially reduce nonpoint source loading from paddies. Increased weir heights and shallow irrigation methods were evaluated by the model as practical methods for reducing nutrient loading from paddies. These methods were effective in reducing surface drainage and are suggested as “best management practices” (BMPs) if applied based on site-specific paddy conditions.

Assessment of total and available heavy metal contents in vineyards managed under different agriculture practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelcia Veiga ◽  
Carla Carla Ferreira ◽  
Anne-Karine Boulet ◽  
Ana Caetano ◽  
Óscar Gonzalez-Pelayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Integrated Production ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Production Practices

<p>Land degradation is a major challenge, particularly in intensive agriculture areas such as typical vineyards. Soil contamination with heavy metals is a widespread phenomenon in vineyards, due to the intensive use of pesticides, fertilizers, manure and slurry. As a result, vineyard soils have accumulated heavy metals and other trace elements that may be phytotoxic, non-biodegradable and persistent, which represents a long term threat to the crop system and to the food chain. In Portugal, vineyard area represents the fourth largest area in Europe (178770 ha), being one of the most relevant crops. Different approaches, such as, environmental programs and innovative management practices have been adopted over the last years, in order to minimize soil contamination by heavy metals. However, the establishment of quality standards for heavy metals in agriculture soils are mainly based on their total content, which is insufficient to estimate their environmental potential risk. The toxicity of metals does not depend only on their total concentration, but rather on their availability. Nevertheless, knowledge on the “bioavailable fraction” of heavy metals on agriculture soils, and particularly in vineyards, is still limited. This study, developed under iSQAPER research project, aims to assess the total and available heavy metal content in vineyards managed under different management practices: (1) no tillage, (2) integrated production, and (3) conventional farming. The integrated production and the conventional farming in the study sites have been intensively managed for more than 5 years, and more than 30 years in the no tillage vineyard.  The study was performed in 2018, based on soil sampling before and after pesticide application (April and July, respectively). Soil samples were also analyzed for pH, soil organic matter content (SOM), total and available (DTPA-extractable) heavy metals content (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Ni). Preliminary results show higher content of total Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni in the vineyard managed under no tillage than in the farms with conventional and integrated production practices. Cupper is the heavy metal with highest total concentrations, mainly due to the intensive application of Cu-based fungicides. In the vineyards with no tillage, the long term practices have led to total levels of Cu above the soil quality standards. Moreover, similar contents in total Zn were also observed in no- tillage and integrated production practices. The higher content of SOM observed in vineyards under integrated production may have favored the Zn accumulation in the topsoil layer of vineyards. Higher content of organic matter, were found in integrated production farming than in no-tillage and conventional practices, 2.6%, 1.3% and 1.2%, respectively. Understanding total and bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in vineyards is crucial to assess their potential toxicity on plants, animals and humans. The assessment of the best agricultural management practices is a key factor to mitigate land degradation in vineyards.   </p>

Effects of Natural Organic Matter on Heavy Metal Transport during Infiltration

1996 ◽  
Vol 1523 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Ronan V. Igloria ◽  
Wade E. Hathhorn ◽  
David R. Yonge
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Highway Runoff ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Washington State, like many others, has begun a program to dispose of highway runoff in which a priority has been given to the use of infiltration technologies (e.g., infiltration basins, dry wells, etc.). Heavy metals are of particular interest, because they are the most prevalent priority pollutant in highway runoff. Though traditionally these heavy metals are thought to possess relatively large retardation factors within the subsurface, previous studies have indicated a possibility of their transport being facilitated through complexation with natural organic matter (NOM). If ignored, this form of transport may pose serious errors in the prediction of metal breakthrough times and mass loadings to underlying groundwaters. In addressing this issue, large-scale soil columns are tested under loading conditions similar to actual infiltration best management practices to assess the performance of these facilities in removing heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) from infiltrating water. Experiments were performed investigating the effects of high and low concentrations of NOM on metals attenuation by field soils. Results show that high concentrations of NOM actually improved soil column attenuation of the metals.

Temporal Variations in Heavy Metal Partitioning and Loading in Urban Highway Pavement Sheet Flow: Implications for In Situ Treatment Design

2000 ◽  
Vol 1720 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Sansalone ◽  
Donald W. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Metal Partitioning ◽  
Sheet Flow ◽  
Treatment Design

In situ treatment design for pavement storm water runoff continues to pose unique challenges because of the unsteady nature of processes such as rainfall runoff, mobilization, partitioning, and delivery of heavy metals. Storm water from pavements and roadways transports dissolved, colloidal, and suspended solids in a heterogeneous mixture, and along with pH, alkalinity, traffic levels, and residence time, influences the partitioning of heavy metals. For effective in situ treatment design, an understanding of heavy metal partitioning and temporal wash-off during a rainfall runoff event is a prerequisite. This study investigates zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) partitioning, cumulative loadings, and wash-off in storm water pavement sheet flow from a heavily traveled urban interstate pavement site. Results are presented for a series of eight rainfall runoff events at the instrumented site. Results from partitioning analysis (heavy metal mass transfer) between the dissolved and particulate-bound fractions indicate that Zn, Cd, and Cu masses are predominately dissolved in pavement sheet flow, qsf. Although a relatively insoluble heavy metal, Pb mass was also mostly dissolved. These high dissolved fractions can be attributed to low urban rainfall pH levels, relatively short pavement residence times for the qsf, and low pavement runoff alkalinity. Plots of cumulative heavy metal mass as a function of elapsed runoff time clearly demonstrate that during all events the qsf dissolved fractions dominated the particulate fractions for Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb. As far as delivery, results also indicate that the dissolved masses for Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb generally exhibited a “first flush” compared with their particulate masses. The design of in situ treatment systems or source control best management practices loaded by qsf require data on partitioning and loading for effective treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of Highway Traffic on Contamination of Roadside Soil with Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1459-1471
Author(s):  
Benabid Abderrahmane ◽  
Benmbarek Naima ◽  
Mansouri Tarek ◽  
Merdas Abdelghani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accumulation Index

This study is one of the first works which examined the assessment of heavy metal contamination of pavement-side soils in Algeria. It deals with the section of National Highway 3 (RN3), which crosses the wilaya of Batna. In the environment of sampling sites there is no industry or dangerous activity on the environment, the heavy metals addressed in this study are (Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn), their origin being road traffic. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Determine the concentrations of heavy metals in road dust; (2) Identify the sources of different heavy metals in soils and road dust; (3) Exploring the extent of heavy metal pollution in neighbouring soils. To this end, 33 samples were collected, including 03 road dust and 30 soil samples over different distances from 1m to 80m. The samples were analyzed by FRX. Results indicated that concentrations in road dust were higher than in soil. The distribution of heavy metal concentrations in dust is Fe>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cr>Ni, and the distribution in the ground is Fe>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr>Ni in the direction of Biskra and in the opposite direction and decreases away from the road, while the distribution in the central solid ground is Fe> Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn>Ni. Climatic conditions such as wind, rainfall, temperature, humidity and the nature of the terrain were also significantly related to their enrichment in these roadside soils. The enrichment factor (EF) and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were calculated, as well as all elements with a (EF) that ranges from moderate to high to extremely contaminated, reflecting the high anthropogenic load of these metals in the study area and the results of the Igéo accumulation indices confirm the results obtained for the enrichment factor (EF). Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091736 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation, Growth Characteristics, and Yield of Pisum sativum L. Grown in Agricultural Soil-Sewage Sludge Mixtures

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Ebrahem M. Eid ◽  
Ahmed F. El-Bebany ◽  
Mostafa A. Taher ◽  
Sulaiman A. Alrumman ◽  
Tarek M. Galal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Metal Bioaccumulation ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation

The application of sewage sludge (SS) in agriculture is an alternative disposal method for wastewater recycling and soil fertilization. This study evaluated heavy metal bioaccumulation, growth, and yield of Pisum sativum (pea) grown in agricultural soil amended with SS at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg. The results show that root, shoot, pod length, biomass, and number of leaves and pods increased with SS amendments of 10 and 20 g/kg, while rates declined at 30 and 40 g/kg. SS had greater salinity and organic content than the soil. Heavy metals in the postharvest soil samples increased for all SS application rates except Fe and Mo. The significant increase in Cd content started at the lowest amendment rate 10 g/kg; for Co, Mn, and Pb, the significant increase was detected at the highest amendment rate (40 g/kg). Generally, all heavy metals increased significantly in portions of P. sativum except Cd in the shoot. At an amendment rate of 10 g/kg, Co in the shoot and root, Cr in the fruit, Cu in the root, Fe in the fruit, Mn in the shoot and fruit, Mo in the fruit, Pb in the shoot, and Zn in the fruit were elevated significantly. In contrast, the concentrations of Cd in the fruit, Cr in the root, Cu in the shoot, Fe in the shoot and root, Ni in the fruit and root, Pb in the fruit and root, and Zn in the root significantly increased only at the highest rate of 40 g/kg. The highest regression R2 was 0.927 for Mn in pods and the lowest was 0.154 for Cd in shoots. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors were > 1 for Mo and the bioaccumulation of Pb was >1. SS could be used for pea fertilization but only at rates below 20 g/kg to avoid environmental and health hazards.

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