Removal of heavy metal from soil and groundwater by in-situ electrokinetic remediation

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shiba ◽  
S. Hino ◽  
Y. Hirata ◽  
T. Seno
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Electrokinetic Remediation ◽  
Contaminated Aquifer ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Mass Transport Process

The operational variables of electrokinetic remediation have not been cleared yet, because this method is relatively new and is an innovative technique in the aquifer remediation. In order to investigate the operational variables of the electrokinetic remediation, a mathematical model has been constructed based on the physico chemical mass transport process of heavy metals in pore water of contaminated aquifer. The transport of the heavy metals is driven not only by the hydraulic flow due to the injection of the purge water but also by the electromigration due to the application of the electric potential gradient. The electric potential between anode and cathode is the important operational variable for the electrokinetic remediation. From the numerical simulations with use of this model it is confirmed that the remediation starts from the up stream anode and gradually the heavy metal is transported to the down stream cathode and drawn out through the purge water.

Assessing Soil and Plant Pollution by Abandoned Rural Waste Dumping Sites in Ningbo, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Guan ◽  
Ye Hong Du ◽  
Zhen Dong Li ◽  
An Cheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Plant Pollution

This paper reports the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the soils and rices surrounding the abandoned rural waste dumping sites in Ningbo. Igeo (geoaccumulation index) was calculated to assess the contamination degree of heavy metals in soils. The mean contents of Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb of soils were 33.3, 24.1, 1.5, 118.9 and 45.6 mg/(kg DW) (dry weight), respectively. All of them were much higher than that of the reference value (i.e. CK), but there were no coherent trend of the metal contents within 1-120m distance from the dumping site. Igeo of heavy metals reveals the order of Cd>Cu>Cr>Pb>Zn, and the contamination assessment of soils using Igeo indicate the moderate Cd pollution, while the soils were unpolluted-moderately overall by Cr, Cu, Zn as well as Pb. The heavy metal contents in root, stem & leaf and rice grains were all remarkable higher than that of the CK at 20-120 m distances, and the heavy metal contents in root were evidently much higher than other plant parts, while those in rice grain were lowest, indicating the great bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals. Although the metal contents in the rice grain were within the legislation limit, its bioaccumulation trend of heavy metals was remarkable, whose contents were 4.38-fold for Cr, 1.76-fold for Cu, 1.28-fold for Zn, 2.67-fold for Cd and 3.03-fold for Pb higher than that of reference value, respectively. Finally, we proposed a decentralized in-situ restoration approach for the dumping sites.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical variability and heavy metal pollution of surface sediment in a non-channeled section of Dilúvio Stream (Southern Brazil) and the influence of channeled section in sediment pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Alexandre Sodrzeieski ◽  
Leonardo Capeleto de Andrade ◽  
Tales Tiecher ◽  
Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Sediment Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
The Impact

Dilúvio Stream flows through an area with a great population density in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. The anthropogenic influence in the surroundings impacted negatively the quality of the sediments of Dilúvio Stream and Lake Guaíba. This study evaluated the physico-chemical variability of surface sediments in a non-channeled section of Dilúvio Stream. Additionally, we compared the concentration of several heavy metals in this section with data from previous studies in the margins of Lake Guaíba near the outflow of Dilúvio Stream in order to evaluate the impact of urbanization on sediment pollution. The pH, bulk density, particle-size distribution, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, assimilable phosphorus, total nitrogen, mineralogical composition (X-ray diffractogram) and pseudo total concentration of several metals (Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Ba, Zn, V, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Mo, and Se) were evaluated. The results showed that the sediments in the non-channeled section of Dilúvio Stream are predominantly sandy, with heavy metal contents below the quality reference values. Quartz and feldspar predominated in all sites. The concentration of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Ni were lower than that observed in the margins of Lake Guaíba near the outflow of Dilúvio Stream, possibly due to pollution input throughout the channeled section. The Dilúvio Stream shows indications of an anthropogenic influence in the heavy metals concentration through the channeled area.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Polluted Soils: Effect on Plants and Bioremediation Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. U. Chibuike ◽  
S. C. Obiora
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Polluted Soils

Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the globe due to increase in geologic and anthropogenic activities. Plants growing on these soils show a reduction in growth, performance, and yield. Bioremediation is an effective method of treating heavy metal polluted soils. It is a widely accepted method that is mostly carried outin situ; hence it is suitable for the establishment/reestablishment of crops on treated soils. Microorganisms and plants employ different mechanisms for the bioremediation of polluted soils. Using plants for the treatment of polluted soils is a more common approach in the bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Combining both microorganisms and plants is an approach to bioremediation that ensures a more efficient clean-up of heavy metal polluted soils. However, success of this approach largely depends on the species of organisms involved in the process.

scholarly journals Fungal-bacterial biofilm mediated heavy metal rhizo-remediation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amila Henagamage ◽  
C.M Peries ◽  
G. Seneviratne
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Toxicity ◽  
Microbial Biofilms

Abstract Heavy metal pollution due to excessive use of chemical fertilizers (CF) causes a major damage to the environment. Microbial consortia, closely associated with the rhizosphere are able to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil by reducing plant toxicity. Thus, this study was undertaken to examine the remedial effects of microbial biofilms against contaminated heavy metals. Fungi and bacteria isolated from soil were screened for their tolerance against Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+. Fungal-bacterial biofilms (FBBs) were developed with the highest tolerant isolates and were further screened for their bioremediation capabilities against heavy metals. The best biofilm was evaluated for its rhizoremediation capability with different CF combinations using a pot experiment conducted under greenhouse conditions with potato. Three bacterial and two fungal isolates were selected to develop FBBs upon the tolerance index (TI) percentage. Significantly (P < 0.05) the highest metal removal percentage was observed in Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis biofilm under in situ condition. The biofilm with 50% of recommended CF (50CB) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the soil available Pb2+ by 77%, Cd2+ by 78% and Zn2+ by 62% compared to 100% recommended CF (100C). In comparison to initial soil, it was 73%, 76% and 57% lower of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+, respectively. In addition, 50CB treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the metal penetration into the tuber tissues in comparison with 100C. Thus, it is concluded that T. harzianum–B. subtilis biofilm is an ideal combination to remediate soil contaminated with Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+.

Heavy Metals in the Water Column of Iloilo- Guimaras Jetty Port (Parola Wharf )

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN GIL S. SARINAS ◽  
LORNA D. GELLADA ◽  
MELCHOR M. MAGRAMO ◽  
MARLON R. TERUÑEZ
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Seawater Samples

Jetty Port (Parola Wharf) in Iloilo City is a depot of passengers going toGuimaras, Philippines. Considering the dearth of studies on the presence of heavymetals in this area, this study was conducted. It aimed to determine the presenceand quantities of available heavy metals specifically lead, cadmium and chromiumin the water column (surface, middle and bottom) of Iloilo-Guimaras Jetty Port. Inaddition, water physicochemical parameters were also measured such as pH, salinityand temperature, in situ. Three sampling areas were identified in the Jetty Port.One liter was collected in the surface, middle and bottom layer of each sampling area for a total of nine seawater samples. The seawater samples were immediatelytransported to the CAS-Analytical Service Laboratory of UPV, Miag-ao, Iloilofor the quantification of available heavy metals through flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometric (FAAS) method. Ph values range from 6.0-7.333, 12.0-13.167ppm for salinity and 27.333-27.567 0C for three sampling areas. Average cadmium,chromium and lead were higher at station 3 with 0.69 mg/L, 0.81 mg/L and 0.339mg/L, respectively. The results showed that mean of Cr > Pb > Cd < Cr in the watercolumn of the three sampling areas, however is not significant, p>.05. Availablecadmium, chromium and lead exceeded the permissive value. This study will giveinformation to the public about the present heavy metal status of the Jetty Port.

IN-SITU DETECTION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SEAWATER WITH DIAMOND COATED ELECTRODES

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850179
Author(s):  
BIN ZHAO ◽  
JIA LI ◽  
XIANG YU ◽  
JING ZHANG ◽  
YI REN
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Mercury Electrode ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Electrochemical Window ◽  
Multiple Heavy Metals

Heavy metal pollution endangers seawater and there is urgent need for the development of effective detectors that can provide warning of heavy metal pollution. Anodic stripping voltammetry is applicable for the detection of heavy metal pollution in sea water, but it suffers from two problems that are associated with the mercury electrode used: one is insufficient sensitivity and the other is secondary pollution caused by toxic mercury. In this work, we employed boron-doped diamond electrode as an alternative to mercury electrode for the detection of heavy metals. The BDD electrode was fabricated and its electrochemical properties were ascertained. The results of this work showed that: (1) the electrode prepared has a wide electrochemical window (4.2 V) and low background current ([Formula: see text]A). (2) multiple heavy metals (Pb[Formula: see text], Cd[Formula: see text], Zn[Formula: see text] and Cu[Formula: see text]) in seawater samples are detected simultaneously with the optimized electrode, with high sensitivity and good repeatability. (3) the repeatability of the detection meets the values stipulated in the national standard. The detection period is less than 15[Formula: see text]min, and in situ monitoring of heavy metals in seawater can be achieved by automatic sampling and wireless data transmission.

scholarly journals PHYTOREMEDIATION FOR HEAVY METAL‐CONTAMINATED SOILS COMBINED WITH BIOENERGY PRODUCTION

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Van Ginneken ◽  
Erik Meers ◽  
Ruben Guisson ◽  
Ann Ruttens ◽  
Kathy Elst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recovery Techniques ◽  
Heavy Metals Uptake

In June 2007, a project started in Flanders (Belgium) in which we will apply phytoremediation to clean soils that are diffusely polluted with heavy metals. Uptake ranges of heavy metals by rape seed, maize and wheat will be enhanced by increasing the bioavailability of these heavy metals by the addition of biodegradable physico‐chemical agents and by stimulating the heavy‐metal uptake capacity of the microbial community in and around the plant. In addition, the harvested biomass crops will be converted into bioenergy by using different energy‐recovery‐techniques. The energy and heavy metal mass balances will be compared for four different energy‐recovery techniques (anaerobic digestion, incineration, gasification and production of biodiesel). The overall information obtained will result in an economic evaluation of the use of phytoremediation combined with bioenergy production for the remediation of sites which are diffusely polluted with heavy metals. In the present review we will first explain the most important research steps investigated in our phytoremediation project. Secondly, an overview of literature discussing the phytoremediation capacity of rape seed to clean soils that are contaminated with heavy metals and the possibilities to produce biodiesel from this (heavy metal polluted) rape seed will be discussed in more detail.

scholarly journals Romanian bentonite and fly ash characterization and their use in heavy metal “in-situ” immobilization in polluted soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Săndica Liliana Gherghe ◽  
Ildiko Anger ◽  
Georgiana Moise ◽  
Roxana Trusca
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
In Situ Immobilization ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Metallurgical Activities

This article presents the characterization of the Romanian bentonite and fly ash, using different techniques: FAAS, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDAX and their evaluation as sorbents for heavy metals immobilization in polluted soils coming from mining and metallurgical activities. The applicability of bentonite and fly ash for Pb (II) and Zn (II) immobilization was studied using aqueous solutions of these metals. The influence of the pH and contact time were studied. The results shown that the Romanian bentonite and fly ash could be used for Pb (II) and Zn (II) immobilization in polluted soils from brownfields.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in shell fishes of Ojo River, Lagos State, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
R.Y. Oladunjoye ◽  
O.O. Fafioye ◽  
S.T. Bankole ◽  
A.H. Adedeji ◽  
A.S. Edoh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Different Levels

The research examined the accumulations of six heavy metals including chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) in water as well as in three male and female species of crab (Cardisoma armatum, Callinectes danae, Callinectes ornatus) sampled from Ojo River in Lagos State of Nigeria. Physico-chemical parameters of the water samples from the River and heavy metal concentrations in the crab species obtained also from the River were examined using standard methods. The results showed that total dissolved solute (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand varied significantly along the River course, with TDS and EC being relatively high. Heavy metals detected in the crabs were Fe, Cu and Zn, with Cu being the highest in the species examined. The species C. ornatus presented the highest content of Cu followed by C. armatum and C. danae. The content of heavy metals (mg kg–1) among the crab species showed that Cu (23.47±0.10) > Zn (19.06±0.01) > Fe (16.85±0.01) in all the species except in C. armatum where Fe (1.26±0.44) was > Zn (1.19±0.02). Furthermore, Pb, Cd and Cr were not found in the crabs and this could be associated with the fact that the area consists mainly of residential houses, farms and a few industries. Notably, the content of the heavy metals was larger in the female than the male crabs. This study reported different levels of heavy metal accumulation in male and female species of crabs. Also, the shell fishes from Ojo River might be considered safe for consumption, but the need for continuous monitoring to prevent bioaccumulation is recommended.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SEASONAL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF OGUTA LAKE, NIGERIA.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3759-3764
Author(s):  
Ukiwe L.N ◽  
C.I.A Nwoko ◽  
U.U. Egereonu ◽  
S.N. Ukachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dry Seasons

Seasonal variation of physico-chemical variables of Oguta Lake, Nigeria was studied. Results obtained using standard analytical methods indicated that in the rainy and dry seasons (July and August) and (October and November), 2014, iron (Fe; 1.401 mg/l in November) was the overall metal observed in the lake, while mercury (Hg) was not detected throughout the period of study. Heavy metals concentrations observed were higher (not significantly) during the dry than the rainy season. The values observed for dissolved oxygen (DO), biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD) were within WHO permissible limits. The above evidence revealed that there was signs of heavy metal (Fe) pollution of the lake, and steps must be taking for constant monitoring of anthropogenic inputs into the lake. 

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