Vehicle Impacts in V-Shaped Ditches

2002 ◽  
Vol 1797 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Thomson ◽  
Jarkko Valtonen
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Chassis ◽  
Roadside Environment

V-shaped ditches represent a significant portion of the roadside environment in Sweden and Finland. The consequences of vehicles leaving the road and entering V-shaped ditches are not well documented in simulation or experimental studies. A series of tests were conducted to document the behavior of passenger cars entering V-shaped ditches. Test conditions ranged from 5° to 20° and 80 to 110 km/h. The tests resulted in many vehicles passing over the backslope, and rollovers were observed in four of the tests. Preliminary simulations of the test conditions were not able to fully reconstruct the vehicle motions. Castor steering of the vehicle and ground contact with the vehicle chassis were the two most important features observed in the tests, but they were not incorporated into the simulation model.

scholarly journals Simulation Study of the Process of Friction in the Working Elements of a Car Braking System at Different Degrees of Wear

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Borawski
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System

Abstract Among the many elements of a modern vehicle, the braking system is definitely among the most important ones. Health, and, frequently, life, may rest upon the design and reliability of brakes. The most common friction pair used in passenger cars today is a disc which rotates with the road wheel and a cooperating pair of brake pads. The composite material of the pad results in changing tribological properties as the pad wears, which was demonstrated in experimental studies. The change is also facilitated by the harsh operating conditions of brakes (high and rapid temperature changes, water, etc.). This paper looks into how changing tribology reflects on the heating process of disc and pads during braking. And so a simulation study was conducted, as this method makes it possible to measure temperature in any given point and at any time, which is either impossible or extremely difficult in real life conditions. Finite element method analyses were performed for emergency braking events at various initial speeds of the vehicle reflecting the current road speed limits.

Assessment of feasibility of placing the parking space of passenger cars on the basis of simulation modeling

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
O. A. Kopylova ◽  
◽  
P. N. Mishkurov ◽  
A. A. Chetvergova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Road ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Optimal Type

The article deals with the issues of assessing the development of parking systems of passenger cars in large cities based on the use of the simulation modeling method. With the help of AnyLogic software, a simulation model for evaluating the feasibility of parking space placement has been developed. The proposed simulation model simulates the movement of vehicles on a section of the road network (RN) and determines the number of cars that could not park due to the lack of parking spaces. Three calculators are built into the simulation model. The first calculator calculates the required number of parking spaces based on standard values, depending on the purpose of the object near which the parking space is planned. The second calculator allows you to determine the preliminary cost of the project, depending on the type of parking space. The third calculator evaluates the efficiency of the project, changes such indicators as the required number of cars, the average time spent by cars in the system under study, their average speed, the number of car stops. Using the developed model allows you to determine changes in the values of traffic flow indicators and choose the optimal type of parking space, based on a preliminary assessment of the expected economic effect.

scholarly journals The system of removing slush in passenger cars - a concept

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Michał Rubach ◽  
Konrad Waluś
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Vehicle Movement ◽  
Temperature Surface

The appearance of slush on the road is determined by the intensity of precipitation, ambient temperature, surface and dew point temperature, atmospheric pressure and road traffic. The condition of slush (mixture of snow, ice, sand and chemicals such as salt) significantly affects the scope of road safety and the acceleration achieved in the driving processes. The agglomeration of slush in the space between the wheel and the wheel arches increases the resistance of the vehicle movement and increases the load on the suspension system and the steering. Excess snow and ice increases the risk of damage to these systems and may affect the steering and stability of the vehicle. The process of "deposition" of slush is particularly noticeable in environmental conditions with high humidity, and ambient and surface temperatures are below zero degrees Celsius. The article presents the idea of a system for removing slush from wheelhouse liners.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Effects of Heavy Vehicles on Roads in Southern and Northern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Osadebe ◽  
H. A. Quadri
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Equivalency Factors ◽  
On The Road

The prevalence of flexible pavement deterioration in the country has been adduced largely by highway researchers to trucks or heavy vehicles carrying much in excess of permitted legal limits. This study investigated levels of deterioration of Abuja-Kaduna-Kano road (Northern region) and Port Harcourt-Enugu road (Southern region) caused by heavy vehicles through a 14 day traffic counts conducted at 5 strategic points each in the Northern and Southern regions. Traffic data generated were analyzed with AASHTO Design Guidelines (1993) to evaluate Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) and Vehicle Damage effects on the road. The Traffic Volume, Average Daily Traffic (ADT), and Heavy Vehicle per day (HV/day) were estimated to be 2,063,977; 147,427; and 12,246 respectively in the Northern region, while in the Southern region they were estimated to be 750,381; 53,670; and 20,951 respectively. Motorcycles, Passenger cars, Mini-buses/Pick-ups, and Heavy vehicles constitute 18.7%, 49.7%, 23.3% and 8.31% of the total traffic volume respectively in the Northern region while in the South they constitute 4.6%, 30.1%, 26.2% and 39.1% respectively. ESALs were estimated according to AASHTO Design Guidelines in the Northern and Southern regions as 547,730 and 836,208 respectively. An average Load Equivalency Factors (LEFs) of 3.43 and 3.02 were estimated for each heavy vehicle plying the Northern and Southern roads respectively and this could explain some failures (alligator cracks, potholes, depressions, linear or longitudinal cracks along the centre line amongst others) inherent on the road.

scholarly journals A new approach to assess the influence of road roughness on driver speed behavior based on driving simulator tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Pernetti ◽  
Mauro D’Apuzzo Mauro D’Apuzzo ◽  
Francesco Galante
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Roughness

Vehicle speed is one of main parameters describing driver behavior and it is of paramount importance as it affects the travel safety level. Speed is, in turn, affected by several factors among which in-vehicle vibration may play a significant role. Most of speed reducing traffic calming countermeasures adopted nowadays rely on vertical vibration level perceived by drivers that is based on the dynamic interaction between the vehicle and the road roughness. On the other hand, this latter has to be carefully monitored and controlled as it is a key parameter in pavement managements systems since it influences riding comfort, pavement damage and Vehicle Operating Costs. There is therefore the need to analyse the trade-off between safety requirements and maintenance issues related to road roughness level. In this connection, experimental studies aimed at evaluating the potential of using road roughness in mitigating drivers’ speed in a controlled environment may provide added value in dealing with this issue. In this paper a new research methodology making use of a dynamic driver simulator operating at the TEST Laboratory in Naples is presented in order to investigate the relationship between the driver speed behavior on one hand, and the road roughness level, road alignment and environment, vehicle characteristics on the other. Following an initial calibration phase, preliminary results seem fairly promising since they comply with the published data derived from scientific literature.

scholarly journals Research on the fuel consumption conservation potential of ADAS on passenger cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Guogang Qian ◽  
Tieqiang Fu ◽  
Long Sun
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Network Connection

Under the trend of automobile electrification, network connection, and intelligence, EU and USA have carried out fuel-saving research and initiatives on ADAS and CAV. The eCoMove project has aimed at economically optimal driving control and traffic management; MAVEN discusses the technical path of GLOSA (Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory) and ecological auto-driving EAD (Eco-Autonomous Driving) by smoothing the vehicle speed. The American NEXTCAR project contains multiple projects. When supplemented with DSF (Dynamic Skip Fire) and 48V technology, the road test led by Ohio State University resulted in a 15% fuel saving rate. Platoon and optimizing intersection signal lights can offer vehicles a more fuel-efficient condition; slope energy utilization, HEV SOC active management, cold storage evaporator, coasting, 48V and mDSF (miller cycle Dynamic Skip Fire) fuel-saving potential has been fully utilized.

scholarly journals The appliance of prefabricated soil-cement slabs processed with a hydrophobizing material for the road construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04026
Author(s):  
Sergey Sannikov ◽  
Sergey Kuyukov ◽  
Alexey Zamyatin ◽  
Alexandr Zhigailov
Keyword(s):  
Crack Formation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
The Road ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Cement Mixture ◽  
Scale Experiment

The paper presents a complex method for increasing water resistance and reducing crack formation by using a prefabricated foundation of soil-cement slabs with surface processing with a hydrophobizing material on basis of organosilicon compounds. Theoretical, laboratory and full-scale experimental studies were made. Theoretical studies are based on the substantiation of the geometric parameters of the slab in order to exclude the probability of its destruction under its own weight during building and installation works. The result of the first stage of laboratory studies is the determination of the optimum composition of soil-cement mixture in order to achieve a grade of strength M20. At the second stage, the effectiveness of the influence of hydrophobizing materials "Tiprom U" and "Penetron-Admix" on water absorption and compressive strength of soil-cement was determined. The final stage of the research was a full-scale experiment. In the factory environment, soil-cement slabs were manufactured in metal forms. Based on the results of the research, conclusions about the effectiveness of this complex method were made. The use of soil-cement slabs allows reducing crack formation, as well as to work all year round due to manufacturing and surface treatment of slabs in the factory conditions.

scholarly journals Practicalities and Driving Dynamics of a Real Driving Emissions (RDE) Euro 6 Regulation Homologation Test

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Bodisco ◽  
Ali Zare
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emission Testing ◽  
On The Road

One of the most important sources of air pollution, especially in urban areas, is the exhaust emissions from passenger cars. New European emissions regulations, to minimize the gap between manufacturer-reported emissions and those emitted on the road, require new vehicles to undergo emission testing on public roads during the certification process. Outlined in the new regulation are specific boundary conditions to which the route on which the vehicle is driven must comply during a legal test. These boundary conditions, as they relate to the design and subsequent driving of a compliant route, are discussed in detail. The practicality of designing a compliant route is discussed in the context of developing a route on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, in a prescriptive manner. The route itself was driven 5 times and the results compared against regulation boundary conditions.

Pattern Abrasion and Other Mechanisms of Wear of Tank Track Pads

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Medalia ◽  
A. L. Alesi ◽  
J. L. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
The Road ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Ridge Height ◽  
Standard Compound ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Eventual Loss ◽  
Paved Road

Abstract Wear of tank track pads has been studied under different conditions. With T142 pads tested on an M-60 tank, the mode of failure was found to depend on the test conditions. Among eighteen experimental compounds tested, improved wear (vs. the standard compound) under one test condition was generally at the expense of poorer wear under one or both of the other test conditions. However, in agreement with previous results, an HNBR/Zn-methacrylate/peroxide compound gave improved wear rate under all three test conditions. Wear of the T142 pads on a hilly cross-country course and on a combination course was generally by massive chunking. On a paved road course, most compounds wore by pattern abrasion. A few compounds worn on this course formed deep pockets parallel to the surface, resulting in the eventual loss of the large flaps between the pocket and the surface. Pattern abrasion was also found on T156 pads of four different compounds, tested on an M-1 tank on the paved road course. The abrasion patterns of both types of pads had a shingled appearance, with the ridges pitched so as to bite into the road surface. The abrasion patterns were characterized quantitatively by profilometry, using standard parameters calculated for surface roughness of metals and other materials. The ridge height and its ratio to ridge spacing correlated positively with wear rate on the paved road; whereas there was no correlation of ridge spacing with wear rate. The compounds which gave the lowest wear rate on the paved road, including the HNBR compounds, gave shallow ridges with little or no pattern.

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