scholarly journals Practicalities and Driving Dynamics of a Real Driving Emissions (RDE) Euro 6 Regulation Homologation Test

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Bodisco ◽  
Ali Zare
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emission Testing ◽  
On The Road

One of the most important sources of air pollution, especially in urban areas, is the exhaust emissions from passenger cars. New European emissions regulations, to minimize the gap between manufacturer-reported emissions and those emitted on the road, require new vehicles to undergo emission testing on public roads during the certification process. Outlined in the new regulation are specific boundary conditions to which the route on which the vehicle is driven must comply during a legal test. These boundary conditions, as they relate to the design and subsequent driving of a compliant route, are discussed in detail. The practicality of designing a compliant route is discussed in the context of developing a route on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, in a prescriptive manner. The route itself was driven 5 times and the results compared against regulation boundary conditions.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS UDARA AMBIEN AKIBAT LALU LINTAS KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DI KAWASAN COYUDAN, SURAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Dyah Ratri Nurmaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Access Point ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Road Segment ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Road ◽  
Congested Traffic

Surakarta is a city that has very rapid growth in many sectors such as in industry, services, settlements, education, trade and transportation. The main trading activity center or CBD (Central Bussiness Distric) in Surakarta City, is located in the Coyudan Surakarta shopping area, which makes this area becomes a strategic and congested traffic access point. This condition cause a high volume of traffic in the area. Motorized vehicle’s traffic activity on its road segment has a negative impact to surrounding area along the road segment as an air pollution. The more rapid transportation activities, especially motorized vehicles, are the main sources of air pollution in urban areas. The research method for this study is a survey method (for selecting research points) and approach analysis methods (using an empirical formula). The results of this study indicate that the parameters of exhaust emissions which include CO, HC, NO, and PM still meet the permitted air quality standards. However, it is expected that all people keep paying attention to both environmental conditions and the use of transportation facilities, as well as good traffic conditions, so that the problem of exhaust emissions due to traffic will not occur. Keywords: traffic, CBD and exhaust emissions.

Convective Мodel of Еmission Distribution on the Road Overpass Under Neutral Weather Conditions.

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Rostyslav Sipakov ◽  
Olena Voloshkina ◽  
Volodimir Trofimovich ◽  
Irina Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Euler Method ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

An analysis of the degree of atmospheric air pollution in urban areas showed its dependence on a growing number of personal vehicles operating on traditional fuels. This work proves the possibility of applying the theory of a convective jet for estimating and forecasting atmospheric air pollution in megacities, depending on weather conditions and the number of cars that are simultaneously in traffic jams in a car overpass. We use the integral Euler method to calculate the parameters of a convective jet. The conditions for the appearance of neutral ways are determined and based on the considered main ways of distribution of emissions in the atmosphere. The method for calculating the amount of hydrocarbon emissions from road transport was used to determine the secondary pollution by formaldehyde of atmospheric air into the territories of megalopolises as a result of photochemical transformations. The presented studies allow to single out the share of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in the context of total emissions in a megacity. A method for calculation of concentrations of pollution from motor vehicles based on this model has been developed. This method allows the use of specially synthesized external influences with the subsequent processing of the results of observations and subsequent analysis of the consequences. The effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model can be increased in combination with the use of "green structures". This method is suitable for finding optimal management decisions at the municipal level and the formation of the environmental policy of the city.

scholarly journals RCVC: RSU-Aided Cluster-Based Vehicular Clouds Architecture for Urban Areas

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ben bezziane ◽  
Ahmed Korichi ◽  
Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache ◽  
Mohamed el Amine Fekair
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Side Unit ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
On The Road

As a promising topic of research, Vehicular Cloud (VC) incorporates cloud computing and ad-hoc vehicular network (VANET). In VC, supplier vehicles provide their services to consumer vehicles in real-time. These services have a significant impact on the applications of internet access, storage and data. Due to the high-speed mobility of vehicles, users in consumer vehicles need a mechanism to discover services in their vicinity. Besides this, quality of service varies from one supplier vehicle to another; thus, consumer vehicles attempt to pick out the most appropriate services. In this paper, we propose a novel protocol named RSU-aided Cluster-based Vehicular Clouds protocol (RCVC), which constructs the VC using the Road Side Unit (RSU) directory and Cluster Head (CH) directory to make the resources of supplier vehicles more visible. While clusters of vehicles that move on the same road form a mobile cloud, the remaining vehicles form a different cloud on the road side unit. Furthermore, the consumption operation is achieved via the service selection method, which is managed by the CHs and RSUs based on a mathematical model to select the best services. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of our protocol in terms of service discovery and end-to-end delay, where we achieved service discovery and end-to-end delay of 3 × 10−3 s and 13 × 10−2 s, respectively. Moreover, we carried out an experimental comparison, revealing that the proposed method outperformed several states of the art protocols.

scholarly journals The system of removing slush in passenger cars - a concept

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Michał Rubach ◽  
Konrad Waluś
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Dew Point Temperature ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Vehicle Movement ◽  
Temperature Surface

The appearance of slush on the road is determined by the intensity of precipitation, ambient temperature, surface and dew point temperature, atmospheric pressure and road traffic. The condition of slush (mixture of snow, ice, sand and chemicals such as salt) significantly affects the scope of road safety and the acceleration achieved in the driving processes. The agglomeration of slush in the space between the wheel and the wheel arches increases the resistance of the vehicle movement and increases the load on the suspension system and the steering. Excess snow and ice increases the risk of damage to these systems and may affect the steering and stability of the vehicle. The process of "deposition" of slush is particularly noticeable in environmental conditions with high humidity, and ambient and surface temperatures are below zero degrees Celsius. The article presents the idea of a system for removing slush from wheelhouse liners.

scholarly journals Happiness in Romanian cities on the road from post-communism transition to EU accession

REGION ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Lenzi ◽  
Giovanni Perucca
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Post Communism ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

<p>The literature on life satisfaction in transition countries, and in particular on Romania, demonstrated that life satisfaction significantly differs across rural communities and cities of different size. The question addressed in this paper is whether these imbalances are stable over time or, instead, they become manifest in the presence of strong divergences in the economic growth rates of different kinds of communities. Results point out that in the period of sharp economic growth led by large urban areas, as the one experienced by Romania on the road to EU accession, rural/urban disparities in life satisfaction widened, favoring cities of intermediate size.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Effects of Heavy Vehicles on Roads in Southern and Northern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Osadebe ◽  
H. A. Quadri
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Equivalency Factors ◽  
On The Road

The prevalence of flexible pavement deterioration in the country has been adduced largely by highway researchers to trucks or heavy vehicles carrying much in excess of permitted legal limits. This study investigated levels of deterioration of Abuja-Kaduna-Kano road (Northern region) and Port Harcourt-Enugu road (Southern region) caused by heavy vehicles through a 14 day traffic counts conducted at 5 strategic points each in the Northern and Southern regions. Traffic data generated were analyzed with AASHTO Design Guidelines (1993) to evaluate Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) and Vehicle Damage effects on the road. The Traffic Volume, Average Daily Traffic (ADT), and Heavy Vehicle per day (HV/day) were estimated to be 2,063,977; 147,427; and 12,246 respectively in the Northern region, while in the Southern region they were estimated to be 750,381; 53,670; and 20,951 respectively. Motorcycles, Passenger cars, Mini-buses/Pick-ups, and Heavy vehicles constitute 18.7%, 49.7%, 23.3% and 8.31% of the total traffic volume respectively in the Northern region while in the South they constitute 4.6%, 30.1%, 26.2% and 39.1% respectively. ESALs were estimated according to AASHTO Design Guidelines in the Northern and Southern regions as 547,730 and 836,208 respectively. An average Load Equivalency Factors (LEFs) of 3.43 and 3.02 were estimated for each heavy vehicle plying the Northern and Southern roads respectively and this could explain some failures (alligator cracks, potholes, depressions, linear or longitudinal cracks along the centre line amongst others) inherent on the road.

scholarly journals New Operating Strategies for an On-the-Road Modular, Electric and Autonomous Vehicle Concept in Urban Transportation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Christian Ulrich ◽  
Horst E. Friedrich ◽  
Jürgen Weimer ◽  
Stephan A. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Drive Unit ◽  
The Road ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
On The Road

Today commercial transport in urban areas faces major challenges. These include making optimal use of limited space, avoiding empty trips, meeting driver shortages as well as reducing costs and emissions such as CO2, particulate matter and noise. The mutual acceleration and reinforcement of technological trends such as electrification, digitization and automation may enable new vehicle and mobility concepts that can meet these challenges. One possible vehicle concept is presented in this article. It is based on on-the-road modularization, i.e., a vehicle that can change different transport capsules during operation. The vehicle is divided into an electrically propelled autonomous drive unit and a transport unit. Standardized interfaces between these units enable the easy design of capsules for different uses, while the drive unit can be used universally. Business models and operating strategies that allow optimal use of this vehicle concept are discussed in depth in the article. First, the current situation is analyzed followed by a detailed description of an exemplary business model using a business model canvas. The operating strategies and logistics concepts are illustrated and compared with conventional concepts.

Simulation study of satisfaction rate in the mixed traffic flow with open boundary conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1650023
Author(s):  
Khalid Bentaleb ◽  
Noureddine Lakouari ◽  
Hamid Ez-Zahraouy ◽  
Abdelilah Benyoussef
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Open Boundary ◽  
Open Boundary Conditions ◽  
Mixed Traffic Flow ◽  
The Road ◽  
Satisfaction Rate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Maximal Speed ◽  
On The Road ◽  
A Chain

In this paper, we propose a single-lane cellular automata (CA) traffic model which takes into account the disorder in the length and the maximal speed of the vehicles (i.e. slow and fast) to study the satisfaction rate of the fast vehicles (i.e. the number of vehicles that run with their desired speed) with open boundary conditions in the case of a chain of one entry; where [Formula: see text] is the injecting rate of vehicles independent of their nature and [Formula: see text] is the extracting rate. The slow vehicles are injected with the conditional probability [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the concentration of the slow vehicles. It is found that for the low value of the injecting rate [Formula: see text] and for the high extraction rate [Formula: see text], the satisfaction rate takes higher values. It also depends on the concentration of the slow vehicles injected on the road. Furthermore, we have shown that, in the case when [Formula: see text], the satisfaction rate undergoes a transition from the maximal value to the minimal one and it takes a value near to zero in the case of [Formula: see text]. We have also found that the satisfaction rate depends strongly on the probability of overtaking, also the phase diagrams ([Formula: see text]) are established for the different values of the slow vehicles concentrations [Formula: see text].

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