scholarly journals Regionalization of Ukraine based on the influence of extreme values of maximum air temperature during warm and cold periods of the year

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
S. V. Savchuk ◽  
N. N. Yuvchenko ◽  
V. E. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
The South ◽  
Cool Period ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Based on the data of maximum daily near-surface air temperature (MSAT) taken from 186 meteorological stations of Ukraine the parameters of extremality with relation to maximum air temperature for different time periods as well as deviations between them during cold and warm periods of the year were calculated. Regionalization of Ukraine was carried out in order to identify climate-vulnerable regions by means of comparison, overlapping and match of the areas with the highest values towards selected extremality thresholds. The conclusion about general increase in extremality over the last decade with relation to a climatic standard is made, the areas with the greatest vulnerability are outlined, and the areas with increase in extremality degree are identified. During both periods of the year certain areas in the southern, central and eastern parts of Ukraine are considered, based on maximum air temperature data, as the most vulnerable ones. During both periods of the year over 2001-2010, as compared to 1991-2000, increase of recurrence of extreme values of average maximum of air temperature was observed: in March and December during the cold period and also from May to July, and in case of EHMP event – in August. Distribution of maximum air temperature of the EHMP category, in comparison to the category of extreme values, specifies and localizes the regions with the greatest vulnerability. The areas of the highest vulnerability during the cool period comprise the extreme west, south-western and southern regions and during the warm period – southern, south-eastern regions and the extreme east of Ukraine. The spatial distribution of the extreme values of the MSAT for the warm period has a predominantly meridional orientation. During both periods of the year regions in the south (areas of Black Sea region, Crimea, boundary subregions in the south) areas in the east and center of Ukraine affected by extreme MSAT values are the most vulnerable; in 2010-2014 this influence intensified. Increase in the vulnerability based on the maximum air temperature occurs on the background of certain changes in the atmospheric circulation, under conditions of anticyclonic fields prevalence throughout the year along with increase of the temporal exposure to the elementary synoptic process. On the other hand, the aforementioned increase of recurrence of extreme hydrometeorological phenomena is a consequence of sharp changes of synoptic situation, which is especially the case after a period of settled weather. The conclusion that atmospheric circulation is a main agent responsible for extreme weather and that it is not studied completely so far was made.

CORRELATION COMMUNICATION BETWEEN METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS AT EXTREME VALUES OF MAXIMUM AIR TEMPERATURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
S.V. Savchuk ◽  
V.E. Timofeev ◽  
O.A. Shcheglov ◽  
V.A. Artemenko ◽  
I.L. Kozlenko
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
The North ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

The object of the study is the maximum daily air temperature during the months of the year over 1991-2016 by the data of 186 meteorological stations of Ukraine. Extreme values of the maximum daily temperature equal to or exceeded their 95th (Tmax95p and above, ºС) percentile were taken as extreme. The article sets the dates (137 cases) of extreme values of maximum air temperature on more than 60 % of the territory. For these dates, 13 meteorological parameters were selected: average, minimum, and maximum air temperatures; average, minimum and maximum relative humidity; station and sea-level pressure; average, maximum (from 8 synoptic hours) wind speed; rainfall; height of snow cover. The purpose of this work is to determine the correlation coefficient (K), in particular, statistically significant (K≤-0.6, K≥0.6), on these dates between selected meteorological parameters at 186 meteorological stations of Ukraine for 1991-2013. The density of the cases of statistically significant dependence between the meteorological parameters in extremely warm days in separate seasons is determined. In extremely warm days, meteorological parameters and areas with statistically significant correlations at K≤-0.6 were detected: T and F (focally in southern and some western regions with significant density) − in winter; T and F (with the highest density ubiquitous or almost ubiquitous), P and V (in a large number of regions, usually west or right-bank, but with less frequency) − in the transition seasons, and in the autumn between − T and F (in the south with smaller density) and P and F (in some areas of the north, northwest, west, lower east). In all seasons, such a correlation between other meteorological parameters had a focal distribution, usually with a smaller density. In these days, a focal distribution with a small frequency of dependencies at K≥0.6 was found between the meteorological parameters detected (F and V in transition seasons, T and F in winter), except for similar ones. However, such dependence is observed between T and V in some regions in winter and autumn and in some areas of south, southeast, east with a smaller density. The study of the maximum daily temperature is relevant, because from the level of natural hydrometeorological phenomena it is accompanied by dangerous phenomena, negatively affecting the weather dependent industries.

scholarly journals A Long-Term Study of Sea-Breeze Characteristics: A Case Study of the Coastal City of Adelaide

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Pazandeh Masouleh ◽  
David John Walker ◽  
John McCauley Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sea Breeze ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sea Breezes ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

AbstractThe sea-breeze characteristics of the Adelaide, Australia, coastline have been studied by applying a sea-breeze detection algorithm to 3- and 6-hourly meteorological records of near-surface and upper-air data at Adelaide Airport from 1955 to 2007. The sea breeze is typically a westerly gulf breeze combined with a later-occurring southerly ocean breeze. Regression analysis showed a significant increasing trend in the intensity of sea breezes but not in their frequency. Over the 52-yr period, there was an average increase of 1 m s−1 in zonal and 0.7 m s−1 in meridional sea-breeze wind speed components. The annually and seasonally averaged maximum wind speeds on sea-breeze days increased significantly over the 52-yr period of the study by 0.65 m s−1 for the whole year, 0.48 m s−1 in spring, 1.02 m s−1 in summer, and 1.10 m s−1 in autumn. A comparison of hourly data for 1985–95 with those for 1996–2007 showed frequencies of sea-breeze onset times less than 4 h from sunrise increasing from 29% to 36%, durations greater than 8 h increasing from 51% to 59%, and times of maximum sea breeze between 2 and 6 h after sunrise increasing from 44% to 50%. The monthly frequency of sea breezes was found to increase by 2.8 percentage points for each degree Celsius rise in monthly average maximum air temperature at Adelaide Airport. The meridional ocean-breeze wind speed, unlike the gulf-breeze wind speed, is also correlated with maximum air temperature at Adelaide Airport.

scholarly journals Conditional probability of the daily minimum temperature in certain types of circulation on a seasonal basis in the Zywiec Valley in Southern Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Paulina Szczotka
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Daily Minimum ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Average Minimum Temperature

Air minimum temperature is very important for the natural environment and human activity. This paper presents certain aspects related to the variability of daily minimum temperature of air in the winter (XII, I, II) in the Zywiec Valley, in relation to the synoptic situation in the valley. The analysis is based on the results of research carried out at one point node (the grid) obtained from the base Carpat Clim database. The node is located at the bottom of the Zywiec Valley in the period 1961-2010. The study was complemented with a comprehensive analysis of local conditions for atmospheric circulation and temporal variability over a 50 years period. For this purpose, the classification of types of atmospheric circulation  (Niedźwiedź 1981) was used for the upper Vistula river basin. Extreme temperatures included an average minimum temperature of air exceeding the 90th and 95th percentile. The relationship between the extremes of air temperature and atmospheric circulation types was examined by analyzing the frequency of occurrence of extreme values and their conditional occurrence in each particular type of atmospheric circulation.

scholarly journals Trends of Changes of Maximum Air Temperature in Ukraine as an Impact Factor on Population Health

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Purpose. The aim of this research is detection of trends of changes (according to fact and scenario data) of extreme air temperature as a component of thermal regime in different regions of Ukraine because of global climate change. Methods. System analysis, statistical methods. Results. Time distribution of maximum air temperature regime characteristics based on results of observations on the stations located in different regions of Ukraine during certain available periods: Uzhgorod (1946-2018), Kharkiv (1936-2005), Оdessа (1894-2005), аnd also according to scenarios of low (RCP2.6), medium (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) levels of greenhouse gases emissions. Meanwhile, air temperature ≥ 25°С was considered high (days with maximum temperature within 25,0-29,9°С are hot), ≥ 30°С was considered very high (days with such temperature are abnormaly hot). Trends of changes of extreme air temperatures were identified as a component of thermal regime in different regions of Ukraine within global climate changes. Dynamics of maximum air temperature and its characteristics in ХХ and beginning of ХХІ centuries were researched. Expected time changes of maximum air temperature and number of days with high temperature during 2021-2050 were analyzed by RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. There were identified the highest day air temperatures possible once in a century and also possibility of maximum day temperature more than 30°С by RCP4.5 scenario. Well-timed prediction of climate changes will help evaluate their impact on human and natural systems which will be useful for development and taking preventive measures towards minimization of negative influence of such changes. Conclusions. Processes of climate warming in Ukraine are activating. There was determined a strong trend on increasing of average maximum of air temperature in winter with speed 0.17-0,39 degrees centigrade/10 years. According to climatic norm this index mainly increased mostly (up to 3,3 degrees centigrade) in January in North-East of the country. In future such anomalies will grow. Determination of correlation between climate and health is the base for taking protective measures against perils for population health connected with climate.

Evaluation of MM5 and HadGEM3-RA hindcast in the CORDEX East Asia Phase Ⅱ: near-surface air temperature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok-Woo Shin ◽  
Dong-Hyun Cha ◽  
Taehyung Kim ◽  
Gayoung Kim ◽  
Changyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cordex East Asia

<p>Extreme temperature can have a devastating impact on the ecological environment (i.e., human health and crops) and the socioeconomic system. To adapt to and cope with the rapidly changing climate, it is essential to understand the present climate and to estimate the future change in terms of temperature. In this study, we evaluate the characteristics of near-surface air temperature (SAT) simulated by two regional climate models (i.e., MM5 and HadGEM3-RA) over East Asia, focusing on the mean and extreme values. To analyze extreme climate, we used the indices for daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures among the developed Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) indices. In the results of the CORDEX-East Asia phase Ⅰ, the mean and extreme values of SAT for DJF (JJA) tend to be colder (warmer) than observation data over the East Asian region. In those of CORDEX-East Asia phase Ⅱ, the mean and extreme values of SAT for DJF and JJA have warmer than those of the CORDEX-East Asia phase Ⅰ except for those of HadGEM3-RA for DJF. Furthermore, the Extreme Temperature Range (ETR, maximum value of Tmax - minimum value of Tmin) of CORDEX-East Asia phase Ⅰ data, which are significantly different from those of observation data, are reduced in that of CORDEX-East Asia phase Ⅱ. Consequently, the high-resolution regional climate models play a role in the improvement of the cold bias having the relatively low-resolution ones. To understand the reasons for the improved and weak points of regional climate models, we investigated the atmospheric field (i.e., flow, air mass, precipitation, and radiation) influencing near-surface air temperature. Model performances for SAT over East Asia were influenced by the expansion of the western North Pacific subtropical high and the location of convective precipitation in JJA and by the contraction of the Siberian high, the spatial distribution of snowfall and associated upwelling longwave radiation in DJF.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of the episodes of tropospheric ozone concentration in relation with hot days and heat waves in Warsaw

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 02010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Rozbicka ◽  
Tomasz Rozbicki
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Average Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

The study presents the characteristics of the occurrence of smog episodes - days with exceeded the limit value of 8-hour tropospheric ozone concentration (120 μg.m-3) with the occurrence of hot days (maximum air temperature greater than 25°C), very hot (maximum air temperature greater than 30°C) and heat waves during 13-year period 2004-2016 in the area of Warsaw, Poland. In the analyzed period, the average number of hot days was 45, and very hot days was 8. The highest number of these days occurred in 2015, 54 and 20 days respectively. Heat waves were short and lasted usually 3-4 days. The highest number of them was recorded in 2010 and 2015 (14 days). The highest ozone concentration value 189 μg.m-3was recorded on 28 May 2005, thus exceeding the information threshold (180 μg.m-3for the value of 1 hour ozone concentration). However, the number of days with the exceeded limit value of ozone concentration was not in any year exceeded the target value, i.e. 25 days in a calendar year. The relatively stronger relationship (R=0.513) in comparison to others obtained between average maximum temperature during LTO exceedance days and average ozone concentration during these days but it was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Prioritizing Management of Non-Native Eurasian Watermilfoil Using Species Occurrence and Abundance Predictions

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Alison Mikulyuk ◽  
Catherine L. Hein ◽  
Scott Van Egeren ◽  
Ellen Ruth Kujawa ◽  
M. Jake Vander Zanden
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Eurasian Watermilfoil ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Prioritizing the prevention and control of non-native invasive species requires understanding where introductions are likely to occur and cause harm. We developed predictive models for Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM) (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) occurrence and abundance to produce a smart prioritization tool for EWM management. We used generalized linear models (GLMs) to predict species occurrence and extended beta regression models to predict abundance from data collected on 657 Wisconsin lakes. Species occurrence was positively related to the nearby density of vehicle roads, maximum air temperature, lake surface area, and maximum lake depth. Species occurrence was negatively related to near-surface lithological calcium oxide content, annual air temperature range, and average distance to all known source populations. EWM abundance was positively associated with conductivity, maximum air temperature, mean distance to source, and soil erodibility, and negatively related to % surface rock calcium oxide content and annual temperature range. We extended the models to generate occurrence and predictions for all lakes in Wisconsin greater than 1 ha (N = 9825), then prioritized prevention and management, placing highest priority on lakes likely to experience EWM introductions and support abundant populations. This modelling effort revealed that, although EWM has been present for several decades, many lakes are still vulnerable to introduction.

Soil Temperature in the Peanut Pod Zone with Subsurface Drip Irrigation

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Sorensen ◽  
F. S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Abstract Maintaining soil temperatures at specified levels (below 29 C) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is vital to crop growth, development, and pod yield. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) systems are not designed to wet the soil surface. Possible lack of moisture in the pod zone could result in elevated soil temperatures that could be detrimental to the peanut crop. The objective of this study was to document the response of pod zone soil temperature when irrigated with a SDI system. Thermocouple sensors were inserted at 5-cm soil depth in the crop row and at specified distances from the crop row in SDI and nonirrigated (NI) treatments. Maximum hourly and daily soil temperature data were measured at three locations, one in Virginia and two in Georgia. The maximum daily soil temperature decreased as plant canopy increased. During the first 50 d after planting (DAP), the average maximum soil temperature was 1 to 2 C cooler for both the SDI and NI treatments than the average maximum air temperature. From 50 DAP to harvest, the average maximum soil temperatures for SDI and NI treatments were 6 C cooler than the average maximum air temperature. During pod filling and maturation, the average maximum soil temperature was about 5 C cooler (27 C) for SDI treatments than the maximum air temperature and 2 C cooler than the recommended 29 C. Soil temperature in the NI treatments did exceed 29 C during periods of drought but decreased to values similar to SDI treatments immediately following a rainfall event. Overall, SDI can maintain maximum soil temperatures below critical values (29 C) during peanut fruit initiation to crop harvest.

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