scholarly journals Plasma Treatment Effects on Oral Candida albicans Biofilms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Qingsong Yu ◽  
Qing Hong ◽  
Xiaoqing Dong ◽  
Meng Chen ◽  
Hongmin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

The objective of this study is to evaluate the plasma treatment effects on oral fungal biofilms. Candida albicans biofilms were developed on the 48-well plate to serve as a model of oral fungal biofilm. The treatment of 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) was used as a positive control compared with plasma treatments. The efficacy of treatments was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The survival percentage of Candida albicans decreased from 52% to 27% as the plasma power increased from 6mA to 8mA and plasma exposure time extended from 2 min to 10 min. Moreover, it was found that there is a synergistic effect of the combination of plasma and CHX treatments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination indicated severe cell damages resulting from plasma treatment. In conclusion, the low-temperature plasma treatment is effective in deactivating Candida albicans biofilms and thus provides a promising alternative to disinfect oral fungal biofilms.

scholarly journals Exopolysaccharide matrix of developed candida albicans biofilms after exposure to antifungal agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wander José da Silva ◽  
Letícia Machado Gonçalves ◽  
Jayampath Seneviratne ◽  
Nipuna Parahitiyawa ◽  
Lakshman Perera Samaranayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Biofilm Architecture ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fluconazole or nystatin exposure on developed Candida albicans biofilms regarding their exopolysaccharide matrix. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against fluconazole or nystatin was determined for C. albicans reference strain (ATCC 90028). Poly(methlymethacrylate) resin (PMMA) specimens were fabricated according to the manufacturer's instructions and had their surface roughness measured. Biofilms were developed on specimens surfaces for 48 h and after that were exposed during 24 h to fluconazole or nystatin prepared in a medium at MIC, 10 x MIC or 100 x MIC. Metabolic activity was evaluated using an XTT assay. Production of soluble and insoluble exopolysaccharide and intracellular polysaccharides was evaluated by the phenol-sulfuric method. Confocal laser scanning microscope was used to evaluate biofilm architecture and percentage of dead/live cells. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. The presence of fluconazole or nystatin at concentrations higher than MIC results in a great reduction of metabolic activity (p<0.001). At MIC or 10 x MIC, fluconazole showed high amounts of intracellular polysaccharides (p<0.05), but did not affect the exopolysaccharide matrix (p>0.05). The exposure to nystatin also did not alter the exopolysaccharide matrix at all the tested concentrations (p>0.05). Biofilm architecture was not affected by either of the antifungal agents (p>0.05). Nystatin promoted higher proportion of dead cells (p<0.05). It may be concluded that fluconazole and nystatin above the MIC concentration reduced the metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilms; however, they were not able to alter the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm architecture.

Antineuroinflammation activity of n-butanol fraction of Marsilea crenata Presl. in microglia HMC3 cell line

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhan Ma’arif ◽  
Denis Mery Mirza ◽  
Mu’akibatul Hasanah ◽  
Hening Laswati ◽  
Mangestuti Agil
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBackgroundNeuroinflammation is one of the main causes of neurodegenerative events. Phytoestrogen is a group compounds that have an estrogen-like structure or function. Phytoestrogen has a high potential to overcome neuroinflammation caused by estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. Marsilea crenata Presl. is a plant known to contain phytoestrogens. This research aimed to analyze the activity of an n-butanol fraction of M. crenata leaves in inhibiting the classical pathway activation of microglia HMC3 cell line to M1 polarity, which has proinflammatory characteristics.MethodsMicroglia HMC3 cell line was cultured in Eagle’s minimum essential medium and induced with IFN-γ for 24 h to activate the cell to M1 polarity in 24-well microplates. The n-butanol fraction was added with various doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 ppm and genistein 50 μM as a positive control. The expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) as a marker was tested using a confocal laser scanning microscope.ResultsThe result of MHC II measurement shows a significant difference in the MHC II expression in the microglia HMC3 cell line between the negative control and all treatment groups at p<0.05, indicating a non-monotonic dose-response profile.ConclusionsThe best dosage to inhibit MHC II expression was 250 ppm with the value of 200.983 AU. It is then concluded that n-butanol fraction of M. crenata leaves has antineuroinflammation activity due to its phytoestrogens.

scholarly journals Exploration of Adhesion Molecule Expression in Cardiac Muscle of Early Atherosclerosis Dyslipidemic Sprague Dawley Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Titin A. Wihastuti ◽  
Fitria N. Aini ◽  
Nurul C. Lutfiana ◽  
Teuku Heriansyah ◽  
Nafisatuz Zamrudah
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Objective: This study is aimed to examine the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in cardiac tissue of dyslipidemic Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Eight Sprague Dawley strain rats, with 150-200 gram body weight, were divided into two groups. The control group was fed a standard diet, the positive control group was fed a high-fat diet as our previous study for 8 weeks. The pattern of distribution of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in cardiac muscle cell was examined by immunofluorescence and observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Lipid profile was also examined at the end of the study. Result: Independent t-test showed no differences in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in cardiac muscle of hypercholesterol-diet-fed Sprague Dawley rat compared to control. Conclusion: The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in cardiac muscle did not change after the onset of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Microcrystalline Cellulose for Delivery of Recombinant Protein-Based Antigen against Erysipelas in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wooyoung Jeon ◽  
Yeu-Chun Kim ◽  
Minhee Hong ◽  
Sanoj Rejinold ◽  
Kyoungmoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Cellulose Binding

The study describes the development of a vaccine using microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-101) as a delivery carrier of recombinant protein-based antigen against erysipelas. Recombinant SpaA, surface protective protein, from a gram-positive pathogenErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaewas fused to a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) fromTrichoderma harzianumendoglucanase II through a S3N10 peptide. The fusion protein (CBD-SpaA) was expressed inEscherichia coliand was subsequently bound to Avicel PH-101. The antigenicity of CBD-SpaA bound to the Avicel was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) assays. For the examination of its immunogenicity, groups of mice were immunized with different constructs (soluble CBD-SpaA, Avicel coated with CBD-SpaA, whole bacterin ofE. rhusiopathiae(positive control), and PBS (negative control)). In two weeks after immunization, mice were challenged with 1x107CFU ofE. rhusiopathiaeand Avicel coated with CBD-SpaA induced protective immunity in mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of microcrystalline cellulose as the delivery system of recombinant protein subunit vaccine againstE. rhusiopathiaeinfection in mice.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Chelerythrine Against Mono- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus and Its Properties of Inducing Hypha-to-Yeast Transition of C. albicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Qian ◽  
Jianing Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Wang ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Yuting Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus specifically often resulted in biofilm-associated diseases, ranging from superficial mucosal to life-threatening systemic infections. Recent studies reported that chelerythrine displayed antimicrobial activities against a few microorganisms, but its effects on mono- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and S. aureus have never been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chelerythrine against mono- and dual-species biofilms, and explore its effect on the hyphal growth and the hypha-to-yeast transition of C. albicans. The results showed that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC90S) of chelerythrine against planktonic cells of mono-species were 4 and 2 μg/mL, while the MIC and MBIC90 were 6 and 3 μg/mL for dual-species. Meanwhile, the decrease in three matrix component levels and tolerance to antibiotics of biofilms formed by mono- and dual-species exposed to chelerythrine were confirmed by a confocal laser scanning microscope, in conjugation with five fluorescent dyes and a gatifloxacin diffusion assay. Moreover, C. albicans and S. aureus mono-species showed a 96.4, and 92.3% reduction, respectively, in 24-h preformed biofilm biomass in the presence of 128 µg/mL of chelerythrine. Similarly, preformed (24 h) dual-species biofilm biomass also displayed a significant reduction (90.7%) when treated with 192 μg/mL chelerythrine. Chelerythrine inhibited hyphae formation of C. albicans at 4 μg/mL, and C. albicans in hypha-form can be converted into yeast-form at 8 μg/mL of chelerythrine. Therefore, chelerythrine shows promise as a potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent for clinical effective treatments of mono- and mixed-species and/or biofilm-associated infections.

3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jovin ◽  
Michel Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Donna J. Arndt-Jovin ◽  
Thorsten Schormann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.

3-Dimensional immunolabeling and in situ hybridization detection using fluorescence photooxidation and intermediate-voltage Electron Microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Deerinck ◽  
Maryann E. Martone ◽  
Varda Lev-Ram ◽  
David P. L. Green ◽  
Roger Y. Tsien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Dye ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
New Generation

The confocal laser scanning microscope has become a powerful tool in the study of the 3-dimensional distribution of proteins and specific nucleic acid sequences in cells and tissues. This is also proving to be true for a new generation of high contrast intermediate voltage electron microscopes (IVEM). Until recently, the number of labeling techniques that could be employed to allow examination of the same sample with both confocal and IVEM was rather limited. One method that can be used to take full advantage of these two technologies is fluorescence photooxidation. Specimens are labeled by a fluorescent dye and viewed with confocal microscopy followed by fluorescence photooxidation of diaminobenzidine (DAB). In this technique, a fluorescent dye is used to photooxidize DAB into an osmiophilic reaction product that can be subsequently visualized with the electron microscope. The precise reaction mechanism by which the photooxidation occurs is not known but evidence suggests that the radiationless transfer of energy from the excited-state dye molecule undergoing the phenomenon of intersystem crossing leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen. It is this reactive oxygen that is likely crucial in the photooxidation of DAB.

A confocal laser scanning microscope for fluorescence and reflection at video rates

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
P.M. Houpt ◽  
A. Draaijer
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Point Light Source ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Ion Laser ◽  
Point Light ◽  
Point Detector

In confocal microscopy, the object is scanned by the coinciding focal points (confocal) of a point light source and a point detector both focused on a certain plane in the object. Only light coming from the focal point is detected and, even more important, out-of-focus light is rejected.This makes it possible to slice up optically the ‘volume of interest’ in the object by moving it axially while scanning the focused point light source (X-Y) laterally. The successive confocal sections can be stored in a computer and used to reconstruct the object in a 3D image display.The instrument described is able to scan the object laterally with an Ar ion laser (488 nm) at video rates. The image of one confocal section of an object can be displayed within 40 milliseconds (1000 х 1000 pixels). The time to record the total information within the ‘volume of interest’ normally depends on the number of slices needed to cover it, but rarely exceeds a few seconds.

Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and a computer model to understand ink cavitation and filamentation

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
HANNA KOIVULA ◽  
DOUGLAS BOUSFIELD ◽  
MARTTI TOIVAKKA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Printing Speed

In the offset printing process, ink film splitting has an important impact on formation of ink filaments. The filament size and its distribution influence the leveling of ink and hence affect ink setting and the print quality. However, ink filaments are difficult to image due to their short lifetime and fine length scale. Due to this difficulty, limited work has been reported on the parameters that influence filament size and methods to characterize it. We imaged ink filament remains and quantified some of their characteristics by changing printing speed, ink amount, and fountain solution type. Printed samples were prepared using a laboratory printability tester with varying ink levels and operating settings. Rhodamine B dye was incorporated into fountain solutions to aid in the detection of the filaments. The prints were then imaged with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and images were further analyzed for their surface topography. Modeling of the pressure pulses in the printing nip was included to better understand the mechanism of filament formation and the origin of filament length scale. Printing speed and ink amount changed the size distribution of the observed filament remains. There was no significant difference between fountain solutions with or without isopropyl alcohol on the observed patterns of the filament remains.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document