An Observational, Cross-sectional Study Into the Future Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk of Phenylketonuria (PKU) Patients on a Low Phenylalanine Treatment Diet (LPD).

BackgroundThe Russian Federation has very high cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates compared with countries of similar economic development. This cross-sectional study compares the characteristics of CVD-free participants with and without recent primary care contact to ascertain their CVD risk and health status.MethodsA total of 2774 participants aged 40–69 years with no self-reported CVD history were selected from a population-based study conducted in Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 2015–2018. A range of co-variates related to socio-demographics, health and health behaviours were included. Recent primary care contact was defined as seeing primary care doctor in the past year or having attended a general health check under the 2013 Dispansarisation programme.ResultsThe proportion with no recent primary care contact was 32.3% (95% CI 29.7% to 35.0%) in males, 16.3% (95% CI 14.6% to 18.2%) in females, and 23.1% (95% CI 21.6% to 24.7%) overall. In gender-specific age-adjusted analyses, no recent contact was also associated with low education, smoking, very good to excellent self-rated health, no chest pain, CVD 10-year SCORE risk 5+%, absence of hypertension control, absence of hypertension awareness and absence of care-intensive conditions. Among those with no contact: 37% current smokers, 34% with 5+% 10-year CVD risk, 32% untreated hypertension, 20% non-anginal chest pain, 18% problem drinkers, 14% uncontrolled hypertension and 9% Grade 1–2 angina. The proportion without general health check attendance was 54.6%.ConclusionPrimary care and community interventions would be required to proactively reach sections of 40–69 year olds currently not in contact with primary care services to reduce their CVD risk through diagnosis, treatment, lifestyle recommendations and active follow-up.

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Prevalence and correlates of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Nigerian ART-naive HIV population: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019664 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e019664 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Udeme E Ekrikpo ◽

Effiong E Akpan ◽

John U Ekott ◽

Aminu K Bello ◽

Ikechi G Okpechi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesHIV infection environment presents a classic example of the interplay between infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors abound in the HIV population even before initiation of antiretrovirals (ARVs) and predispose them to the development of stroke and myocardial infarction. This work focuses on determining the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors among ARV-naive HIV individuals in southern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of ARV-naive patients initiating care at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital HIV clinic cohort to determine the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and dyslipidaemia.ResultsThe sample consisted of 4925 assessed for hypertension, 5223 for obesity, 1818 for DM and 926 for dyslipidaemia. Hypertension prevalence was 26.7% (95% CI 25.5% to 28.0%) with a male preponderance (p=0.02). DM was found in 5.6% (95% CI 4.5% to 6.7%), obesity in 8.3% (95% CI 7.6% to 9.1%) and dyslipidaemia in 29.1% (95% CI 26.1% to 32.1%) with a high prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein-c (42.6%). Hypertension was independently associated with age (OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.05), p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.08), p<0.001), obesity with age (OR 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), p<0.001), male gender (OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.49), p<0.001) and CD4 count (OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.96 to 3.53), p<0.001) while dyslipidaemia was associated with BMI (OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), p=0.03).ConclusionThe prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors is high in this ART-naive HIV population. An integrated approach of HIV and NCD screening/treatment may be relevant for centres in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Relationship between estimated cardiovascular disease risk and insulin resistance in a black African population living with HIV: a cross-sectional study from Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016835 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. e016835 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Steve Raoul Noumegni ◽

Jean Joel Bigna ◽

Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor epse Nkegoum ◽

Jobert Richie Nansseu ◽

Felix K Assah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black African ◽

The Relationship

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases are growing concerns among patients with HIV infection as a consequence of the improving survival of this population. We aimed to assess the relationship between CVD risk and insulin resistance in a group of black African individuals with HIV infection.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved patients with HIV infection aged 30–74 years and followed up at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. Absolute CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham and the DAD CVD risk equations while the HOMA-IR index was used to assess insulin resistance (index ≥2.1).ResultsA total of 452 patients (361 women; 80%) were screened. The mean age was 44.4 years and most of the respondents were on antiretroviral therapy (88.5%). The median 5-year cardiovascular risk was 0.7% (25th−75th percentiles: 0.2–2.0) and 0.6% (0.3–1.3) according to the Framingham and DAD equations respectively. Of all participants, 47.3% were insulin resistant. The Framingham equation derived absolute CVD risk was significantly associated with insulin resistance; while no linear association was found using the DAD equation.ConclusionThe relationship between cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance in black African patients with HIV infection seems to depend on the cardiovascular risk equation used.

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Abstract P045: Western Dietary Patterns are Associated with the Prevalence of Hypertension in South Korea - The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p045 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sanjay Rampal ◽

Juhee Cho ◽

Yuni Choi ◽

Yiyi Zhang ◽

Di Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

South Korea ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Systolic Hypertension ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women

Introduction: Diet is a complex exposure of unquestionable relevance for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. South Korea, a population with traditionally low rates of CVD, has changed in recent decades from a traditional diet to more Western and modern dietary patterns. The impact of these changes are uncertain. Hypothesis: We aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that non-traditional dietary patterns were associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension in a large sample of young and middle-aged Korean adults. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study of 220,979 adult men and women who underwent a screening health examination between January 2011 and December 2013 at the Kangbuk Samsung Total Healthcare Center in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea who did not have any history of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Diet was assessed using a validated 103-item food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis was used to derive three major dietary patterns: Western Korean, characterized by higher intakes of noodles, red meat, processed meat, raw or salted fish, shellfish, poultry, soda, and alcohol; Traditional Korean, characterized by higher intakes of vegetables, mushrooms, preserved vegetables, soya and other beans, fruits, fish, and seaweed; and Modern Korean, characterized by higher intakes of bread and cereals, milk and dairy products, snacks, and pizza, and lower intakes of alcohol, rice, and preserved vegetables. Hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Systolic hypertension was defined as having a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 2.9%. In fully adjusted multivariable models, the odds ratios for hypertension comparing the 90th to the 10th percentile of dietary scores were 1.58 (95%CI 1.42, 1.75), 1.11 (95%CI 1.01, 1.21), 0.73 (95%CI 0.66, 0.81) for Western, Traditional, and Modern Korean dietary patterns, respectively. The corresponding odds ratios for systolic hypertension were 1.50 (95%CI 1.28, 1.76), 1.17 (95%CI 1.01, 1.36), and 0.68 (95%CI 0.58, 0.79), respectively. Conclusion: In this large cross-sectional study of young and middle-aged Korean men and women, diet transition to a more Western pattern, characterized by higher intake of meats and alcohol, was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and may be associated with increased CVD risk.

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Disease Activity in Ankylosing Spondylitis and Associations to Markers of Vascular Pathology and Traditional Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Cross-sectional Study

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.141018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 645-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Inger Jorid Berg ◽

Désirée van der Heijde ◽

Hanne Dagfinrud ◽

Ingebjørg Seljeflot ◽

Inge Christoffer Olsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vascular Pathology ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective.To compare the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and population controls, and to examine the associations between disease activity and CVD risk.Methods.A cross-sectional study was done of patients with AS grouped according to Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) into ASDAS-high and ASDAS-low. Markers of vascular pathology, impaired endothelial function [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)], and arterial stiffness [augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)], and traditional CVD risk factors [blood pressure, lipids, body mass index (BMI), CVD risk scores] were compared between AS and controls as well as across ASDAS-high versus ASDAS-low versus controls using ANCOVA analyses.Results.Altogether, 151 patients with AS and 134 controls participated. Patients had elevated ADMA (µmol/l) and AIx (%) compared to controls: mean difference (95% CI): 0.05 (0.03, 0.07), p < 0.001 and 2.6 (0.8, 4.3), p = 0.01, respectively. AIx increased with higher ASDAS level, p(trend) < 0.04. There were no significant group differences of PWV. BMI was higher in ASDAS-high compared to ASDAS-low (p = 0.02). Total cholesterol was lower in AS compared to controls, and lower with higher ASDAS, p(trend) = 0.02. CVD risk scores were similar across groups except for Reynolds Risk Score, where the ASDAS-high group had a significantly higher score, compared to both ASDAS-low and controls.Conclusion.Elevated ADMA and AIx in AS support a higher CVD risk in AS. Elevated AIx and BMI in AS with high ASDAS indicate an association between disease activity and CVD risk. Lower total cholesterol in AS may contribute to underestimation of CVD risk.

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A Combined Index of Waist Circumference and Muscle Quality is Associated with Accumulation of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Obese Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1029413/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kentaro Ikeue ◽

Toru Kusakabe ◽

Kazuya Muranaka ◽

Hajime Yamakage ◽

Takayuki Inoue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Aging individuals are prone to sarcopenic obesity (SO). SO is associated with higher risks of low physical function, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. Worldwide diagnostic criteria for SO and its cutoff values have not yet been established. In this study, from among obesity- and sarcopenia-evaluated indices, we determined a combined index most associated with the accumulation of CVD risk factors in obese patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated body composition using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device and measured handgrip strength in 188 obese patients (73 men and 115 women). We selected each index most associated with the accumulation of CVD risk factors among obesity- (body mass index, percentage body fat, or waist circumference [WC]) and sarcopenia-evaluated indices (skeletal mass index, handgrip strength, or muscle quantity [MQ]), respectively. We then classified obese patients into four groups (group C, control; group O, obesity alone; group S, sarcopenia alone; and group SO, sarcopenic obesity) using the two selected indices with each median value and compared the CVD risk score, the number of concomitant CVD risk factors, among the four groups.Results: Based on the dichotomous comparison, WC and MQ were selected as the indices most associated with CVD risk factor accumulation. The CVD risk score was significantly higher in groups S and SO as compared with group C (1.94 ± 0.80, 1.95 ± 0.91 vs. 1.41 ± 0.84, all p < 0.05). Odds ratios for CVD risk scores ≥2 were significantly higher in groups S, O, and SO compared with group C (4.78 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.79-12.81], p = 0.002; 3.28 [95% CI 1.37-7.88], p = 0.008; 3.92 [95% CI 1.74-8.81], p = 0.001; respectively). Furthermore, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 3 were significantly higher only in group SO compared with group C (4.29 [95% CI 1.49-12.33], p = 0.007).Conclusion: In obese patients, WC and MQ were most associated with the accumulation of CVD risk factors, respectively. Furthermore, classification using the combined index of WC and MQ reflects the accumulation of CVD risk factors in obese patients, regardless sex and age.

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Assessing the global risk of cardiovascular disease among a group of university students: population-based cross-sectional study in Yaoundé, Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030594 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. e030594

Author(s):

Jobert Richie Nansseu ◽

Felix Assah ◽

Saint-Just Petnga ◽

Bibiane Siaheu Kameni ◽

Hebert Donald Fosso Tene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Global Risk ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Risk Distribution ◽

History Of ◽

The University

ObjectiveTo describe the global cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk distribution in a young adult-aged population living in Yaoundé, Cameroon and depict factors likely influencing this risk distribution.DesignA cross-sectional study between May and July 2017.SettingThe University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.ParticipantsAny university student aged 18 years and above, with no known history of CVD, found at the campus during recruitment and who voluntarily agreed to be included in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe global risk of CVD was measured with the non-laboratory-based INTERHEART Modifiable Risk Score.ResultsA total of 949 participants (54% males) were recruited; the median age was 23 (IQR 21–26) years. The CVD risk varied between 2 and 21, with a median of 9 (IQR 7–12); 51.2% of students had a low risk of CVD, 43.7% had a moderate risk and 5.1% presented a high risk of CVD. The number of years since first registration at the university (β=0.08), history of sudden death among biological parents (β=1.28), history of hypertension among brothers/sisters (β=1.33), history of HIV infection (β=4.34), the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption score (β=0.13), regular exposure to firewood smoke (β=1.29), eating foods/drinks with too much sugar ≥1 time/day (β=0.96), eating foods/snacks with too much oil ≥3 times/week (β=1.20) and eating dairy products≥1 time/day (β=0.61) were the independent factors likely influencing participants’ global risk of CVD.ConclusionAlmost 50% of participants had moderate or high risk of CVD. Specific interventions targeting major CVD risk factors should be put in place among young adults to prevent or reduce this upcoming overburdened picture of CVD.

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What is the Impact of Sex on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases in China: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41699/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zu-feng Wang ◽

Nan-hui Zhang ◽

Ran Luo ◽

Yi-chun Cheng ◽

Kang-lin Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽

Traditional Risk Factors ◽

Wbc Count

Abstract Background: It is controversial about the sex differences in the association of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Thus, we examined CVD risk makers of CKD and non-CKD men and women in China, especially some “non-traditional” ones.Methods: This cross-sectional study used 7999 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009. This study examined the “traditional” risk factors and of CVD, such as lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C).Also, the “non-traditional” risk factors of CVD were calculated, such as lipoprotein (a)(Lp(a)), white blood cell (WBC) count, visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP).Results: Compared with men with CKD, higher levels of TC and LDL-C were observed in women with CKD. Furthermore, compared with men with CKD, the relative difference of WBC count was greater between women with CKD and their non-CKD ones. Meanwhile, the level of LAP and VAI of women with CKD were higher than men with CKD, which indicate the visceral obese. We also observed that the sex by CKD status interactions were statistically significant for TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, LAP, VAI and Lp(a) (all p <0.05). After adjusted the covariates, the sex differences effect on CVD risk factors among CKD patients couldn’t be eliminated as well. Conclusions: In CKD situation, women had greater lipid profiles and put on more visceral adiposity than men, which may indicate a higher CVD risk of women with CKD.

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Comparison Between ASCVD Versus WHO Risk Score in Predicting of 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk in an Iranian Adult: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v60i1.8328 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Tolou Hasandokht ◽

Arsalan Salari ◽

Salman Nikfarjam ◽

Soheil Soltanipour ◽

Mani Shalchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Risk Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Low Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has increased in the Iranian population. Word Health Organization (WHO) risk score was recently used in Iranian prevention and control of non-communicable disease programs for risk assessment. The purpose of the study was to compare the 10-year cardiovascular risk using atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and WHO risk score. In a cross-sectional study, data from patients with cardiac symptoms without any documents related to CVD were collected from the outpatient clinic. The proportion of subjects with high CVD risk according to ASCVD and WHO risk score and also agreement between two scores was presented. The sensitivity and specificity of ASCVD according to the WHO risk score as a national risk assessment tool were calculated. The study included 284 subjects with a mean age of 53.80 (8.78) years and 68 % of women. The frequency of subjects with high CVD risk based on ASCVD and WHO was 35% and 6%, respectively. The agreement between the two scores was moderate (κ=0.45), with the most agreement in identifying low-risk subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of ASCVD according to the WHO risk score was 95.3% and 75.1%, respectively. The present finding showed that Agreement between two risk scores was moderated, especially in stratifying low-risk subjects. But, the ASCVD risk score categorized more people as a high risk rather than the WHO tool. Assessment of the accuracy of the WHO risk score with comparing predicted risk with observed risk in a cohort study for the Iranian population is necessary.

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Cardiovascular disease risk factors among school children of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e038077

Author(s):

T M Manjurul Islam ◽

Palash Chandra Banik ◽

Lingkan Barua ◽

Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽

Shahanaz Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Place Of Residence ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urban Rural

ObjectivePrimarily, we assessed the distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among school children living in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. In addition to this, we sought the association between place of residence and modifiable CVD risk factors among them.Design, setting and participantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 854 school children (aged 12–18 years) of Bangladesh. Ten public high schools (five from Dhaka and five from Sirajgonj district) were selected randomly and subjects from those were recruited conveniently. To link the family milieu of CVD risk factors, a parent of each children was also interviewed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDistribution of CVD risk factors was measured using descriptive statistics as appropriate. Again, a saturated model of binary logistic regression was used to seek the association between place of residence and modifiable CVD risk factors.ResultsMean age of the school children was 14.6±1.1 years and more than half (57.6%) were boys. Overall, 4.4% were currently smoker (urban—3.5%, rural—5.2%) with a strong family history of smoking (42.2%). Similar proportion of school children were identified as overweight (total 9.8%, urban 14.7%, rural 5%) and obese (total 9.8%, urban 16.8%, rural 2.8%) with notable urban-rural difference. More than three-fourth (80%) of them were physically inactive with no urban-rural variation. Only 2.4% consumed recommended fruits and/ or vegetables (urban—3.1%, rural—1.7%). In the adjusted model, place of residence had higher odds for having several modifiable CVD risk factors: current smoking (OR: 1.807, CI 0.872 to 3.744), inadequate fruits and vegetables intake (OR: 1.094, CI 0.631 to 1.895), physical inactivity (OR: 1.082, CI 0.751 to 1.558), overweight (OR: 3.812, CI 2.245 to 6.470) and obesity (OR: 7.449, CI 3.947 to 14.057).ConclusionsBoth urban and rural school children of Bangladesh had poor CVD risk factors profile that demands further nation-wide large scale study to clarify the current findings more precisely.

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