scholarly journals Turkish food culture and nutrition habits in the development of history

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
Gülşen Göde ◽  
Sema Kayaardı ◽  
Müge Uyarcan ◽  
Ceyda Söbeli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Nutritional Habit ◽  
Food Diversity ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Food Variety ◽  
Physiological Movement ◽  
Culinary Culture ◽  
Nutrition Habits ◽  
Over Time

Since the existence of mankind, nutrition is one of the necessities to maintain their vital activities. Nutritional habit, a physiological movement, has progressed in parallel with the development of living conditions of mankind. This instinctive behaviour has started with gathering in the nature originally. People have found edible foods by distinguishing the harmful plants in the nature. Mankind, who had learned cooking with the invention of fire, has discovered foodstuffs that can be obtained from animals in time. Due to this discovery, they had an opportunity to try different flavours and supply a greater variety of needed macro components of their body such as proteins, vitamins and essential oils etc. This nutrition diversity has brought with the taste phenomenon. The major reasons of consumed food variety are the climate of the region they live in, the condition of nature and the kinds of vegetables, fruits, grains that grow in these regions. Furthermore, it is inevitable that the diversity of animals living in the region causes food diversity. This situation, which is the result of ecological balance, has been one of the main causes of cultural differences between societies over time. The culinary culture has been seperated by geographical regions over time and a sub-culture called "regional dishes" has formed. Until today, mankind have developed new tastes by experimenting with many food preparation and cooking techniques. In this study, the development of Turkish food culture and nutrition habits throughout the history have been reviewed.

scholarly journals Is there an imbalance in the supply and demand for universal accessibility knowledge? Twenty years of UAIS papers viewed through the lens of WCAG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Eika Sandnes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Universal Accessibility ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Research Profile ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPurpose: Some universal accessibility practitioners have voiced that they experience a mismatch in the research focus and the need for knowledge within specialized problem domains. This study thus set out to identify the balance of research into the main areas of accessibility, the impact of this research, and how the research profile varies over time and across geographical regions. Method: All UAIS papers indexed in Scopus were analysed using bibliometric methods. The WCAG taxonomy of accessibility was used for the analysis, namely perceivable, operable, and understandable. Results: The results confirm the expectation that research into visual impairment has received more attention than papers addressing operable and understandable. Although papers focussing on understandable made up the smallest group, papers in this group attracted more citations. Funded research attracted fewer citations than research without funding. The breakdown of research efforts appears consistent over time and across different geographical regions. Researchers in Europe and North America have been active throughout the last two decades, while Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Middle East became active in during the last five years. There is also seemingly a growing trend of out-of-scope papers. Conclusions: Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed to the UAIS editorial board.

scholarly journals New trends in the Chinese diet: cultural influences on consumer behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Del Giudice ◽  
Giovanni Cicia ◽  
Klaus G. Grunert ◽  
Athanasios K. Krystallis ◽  
Yanfeng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Chinese Consumer ◽  
Food Taking ◽  
Culinary Culture

China is one of the most dynamic regions in the world in terms of economic growth and development. Such development has inevitably influenced the structure and habits of Chinese society. Whilst the economic condition of the middle class and high-income segment have steadily improved, cultural changes are also under way: ancient Chinese traditions now include major elements from other cultures, most notably the West (Hsing, 2011). The above scenario is the background to this paper. A structured research-administered survey was developed to investigate the changes in the Chinese consumer food culture: 500 urban participants were randomly selected from six reference cities, covering geographically almost the whole country. This study aims not only to analyze the propensity of consumers to include food products from other countries in their ancient Chinese culinary culture, but also represents an initial attempt to perform a market segmentation of Chinese consumers according to their degree of cultural openness toward non-Chinese food, taking into account socio-demographic, cognitive and psychographic variables.

scholarly journals Evolving food retail environments in Thailand and implications for the health and nutrition transition

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Banwell ◽  
Jane Dixon ◽  
Sam-Ang Seubsman ◽  
S Pangsap ◽  
Matthew Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Diversity ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Retail Formats ◽  
Culinary Culture

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate evolving food retail systems in Thailand.DesignRapid assessment procedures based on qualitative research methods including interviews, focus groups discussions and site visits.SettingSeven fresh markets located in the four main regions of Thailand.SubjectsManagers, food specialists, vendors and shoppers from seven fresh markets who participated in interviews and focus group discussions.ResultsFresh markets are under economic pressure and are declining in number. They are attempting to resist the competition from supermarkets by improving convenience, food diversity, quality and safety.ConclusionsObesity has increased in Thailand at the same time as rapid growth of modern food retail formats has occurred. As fresh markets are overtaken by supermarkets there is a likely loss of fresh, healthy, affordable food for poorer Thais, and a diminution of regional culinary culture, women's jobs and social capital, with implications for the health and nutrition transition in Thailand.

Culturally Contingent Electronic Word-of-Mouth Signaling and Screening: A Comparative Study of Product Reviews in the United States and Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Chen Lin ◽  
Manohar U. Kalwani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Electronic Word Of Mouth ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Relative Product ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) is an important source of influence on consumer decision making, yet little is known about cross-cultural differences in both the occurrence of eWOM and the relationship between eWOM and sales. The authors draw on signaling theory to develop a conceptual model and assess the relationships between country and the occurrence of eWOM, as well as between online ratings and relative product sales according to country. Online reviews and sales rank data for books, CDs, and DVDs were collected from Amazon U.S. and Amazon Japan in 2009 and 2017. Results suggest cross-national differences in both the occurrence of eWOM (eWOM signaling) and the relationship between eWOM and relative product sales (eWOM screening). These national differences appear to change over time: some remain stable, some disappear, and others emerge. The proposed culturally contingent signaling and screening model may be adopted as a framework for future research on cross-cultural eWOM. The results also inform the literature on cultural change by suggesting that cultural differences in eWOM change in nuanced patterns over time.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Patterns and Frailty in Elderly: Data From the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1051-1051
Author(s):  
Minji Kim ◽  
Won Jang ◽  
Sojeong Jang ◽  
Yoonjin Shin ◽  
Yangha Kim
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
National Health ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
High Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Diversity ◽  
Food Variety

Abstract Objectives Proper nutrition is a modifiable factor in preventing frailty, a major problem in aging. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and frailty and to identify dietary patterns and food variety. Methods The cross-sectional data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) of 2014–2018 were used. A total of 4,632 subjects aged 65 years or older were finally included in the analysis. Frailty was defined as having three or more of the following five criteria including unintentional weight loss, weakness, waking difficulties, exhaustion and low physical activity. Pre-frail was defined as having one or two criteria. Robust was defined as having none of the criteria. The dietary pattern was derived using factor analysis with the FACTOR procedure and VARIMAX rotation function that maintains uncorrelated factors and increases interpretability. The food variety score (FVS) was defined as the number of food items consumed by each subject during the last 24 h. Results High food variety score showed significantly low odds ratio (OR) for frailty [OR (95% CI) = 0.44 (0.31–0.61), p-trend < 0.0001], in a multi-nominal logistic analysis. Considering the dietary patterns derived from factor analysis, the “white rice and salted vegetables” pattern was related to the lower food diversity, and the patterns of “vegetables, oil, fish” and “noodles, meat” were associated to the higher level of food diversity. Among those dietary patterns, the “vegetables, oil, and fish” pattern was significantly associated with a low risk of frailty [OR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.40–0.75), p-trend = 0.0002]. Conclusions In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the relationship between dietary patterns and frailty. Also, our findings suggested that dietary patterns with high consumption of vegetables, oil, and fish was associated with high food variety that might be related to decrease the frailty. Funding Sources This research was supported by the BK21 FOUR (Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE, Korea) and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF).

scholarly journals Spectrum of renal biopsies; a three-year data from a tertiary care centre of eastern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e20-e20
Author(s):  
Chetan Mahajan ◽  
Vaibhav Tiwari ◽  
Smita Subhash Divyaveer ◽  
Malagouda R Patil ◽  
Avinandan Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Nephritic Syndrome ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Biopsy registries are important in studying the frequency of kidney diseases, their trends over time and allow comparison of data from different geographical regions. Objectives: We report the spectrum of biopsy-proven glomerular and tubular diseases in a single centre in Eastern India. Patients and Methods: Medical records of 1293 patients with biopsy-proven glomerular diseases (GDs) and tubular diseases over a period of three years (March 2013 to March 2016) were retrospectively analysed. All biopsy specimens were examined by the same pathologist with light and immunofluorescence microscopy. Electron microscopic (EM) analysis was performed only in selected cases. Histologic spectrum of various GDs was studied along with its correlation with the clinical and laboratory parameters. Results: The clinical diagnosis was nephrotic syndrome (NS) in 820 (63.41%), rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in 194 (15.2%), asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (AUA) in 108 (8%), acute kidney injury (AKI)/acute nephritic syndrome in 118 (9.3%), and macroscopic hematuria (MH) in 3 (0.43%) patients. Male: Female ratio was 0.95. Around 22.42% were < 18 years, 72.2% were between 18to 59 years, and 5.3% were ≥ 60 years of age. The most common GD overall as well as primary glomerular disease (PGD) was minimal change disease (MCD) (21.6 and 83.44%). Secondary GD was present in 20.87%; most common being lupus nephritis (84.58%). Among the NS, the most common GD was MCD (33.17%), followed by FSGS (17.56%), membranous nephropathy (MN) (13.90%), lupus nephritis (LN) (9.39%), IgA-nephropathy (0.49%), and MPGN (7.32%). Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) constituted 24.6% of AKI presentation particularly common in pregnancy. Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) with severe renal dysfunction was present in 14% of elderly patients. Conclusion: The spectrum of GD varies according to the area of study and changes over time. Some entities which have not been reported earlier from this region that are uncommon but are significant were pregnancy associated TMA, C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) and DPGN in adults.

Culture and Lay Theories of Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Li-Jun Ji ◽  
Tieyuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lay Theories ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
East Asians ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Theories Of Change ◽  
Over Time

Lay theories of change refer to beliefs people hold about how events develop over time and are related to each other. This chapter reviews cultural differences in lay theories of change between East Asians and Euro-Americans/Canadians. The overarching theme from the existing research is that East Asians tend to believe more than Westerners that phenomena change in a cyclical way, whereas Westerners tend to believe that events are either relatively stable or develop in a linear fashion. This cultural variation is manifested in a wide range of predictions and decisions. Furthermore, Euro–North Americans are more likely than East Asians to hold linear beliefs about the correspondence between cause and effect in magnitude, and between appearance and reality (e.g., a strong appearance corresponds to a strong internal state). The chapter also discusses the cultural underpinnings of lay theories of change and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology Surveillance of SARS-Cov-2: Mutations and Genetic Diversity One Year After Emerging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Flores-Alanis ◽  
Armando Cruz-Rangel ◽  
Flor Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
James González ◽  
Carlos Alberto Torres-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Frequent Mutations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

In December 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the province of Wuhan, China. Since then, it has spread worldwide with new mutations being reported. We performed genomic analysis to identify the changes in genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 between December 2019 and November 2020, and through molecular surveillance, we monitored the mutations that could be involved in viral fitness. We analyzed 2,213 complete genomes from 6 geographical regions worldwide, which were downloaded from GenBank and GISAID databases. Although SARS-CoV-2 presented low genetic diversity, there has been an increase over time, with the presence of several hotspot mutations throughout its genome. We identified 7 frequent mutations that resulted in non-synonymous substitutions (dN). Two of them, C14408T&gt;P323L and A23403G&gt;D614G, located in the nsp12 and Spike protein, respectively, emerged early in the pandemic and showed a considerable increase in frequency over time. Two other mutations, A1163T&gt;I120F in nsp2 and G22992A&gt;S477N in the Spike protein emerged recently and have spread in Oceania and Europe. Continuous molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 will be necessary to detect and describe the transmission dynamics of new variants of the virus with clinical relevance. This information is important to improve programs to control the virus.

Social Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 652-656
Author(s):  
Katharina Müller
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Global South ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Global North ◽  
Over Time

Social security is the protection provided by a given society to individuals and households, particularly in the case of old age. The design and scope of social security protection differs significantly across geographical regions, countries, and population groups, while also undergoing constant transformation over time. On a global scale, the area of social security witnessed three major paradigm shifts over the past 125 years: (1) formalization, sparked by Bismarck’s social insurance legislation in the 1880s; (2) privatization, initiated in the 1980s in Latin America and subsequently spreading to other regions, mainly Eastern Europe; and (3) universalization, as exemplified by the proliferation of non-contributory benefits in the Global South since the 2000s. This chapter outlines these trends to illustrate the transformation of social security in both the Global North and the Global South.

Cultural differences in Chinese American and European American children's drawing skills over time

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol S. Huntsinger ◽  
Paul E. Jose ◽  
Dana Balsink Krieg ◽  
Zupei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
European American ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Drawing Skills
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