Legal regulation in the field of genetically modified organisms (GMO) turnover in Russia and foreign countries

One of the most relevant issues, which todays society face is the use of advanced technologies in the field of GMO and GM-food. Taking a look at the world map of law we can see diverse legal regulation of GMO turnover, especially in the context of regulation and control of genomic studies and their practical application, risk assessment of uncontrollable GMO spreading and technologies of genetic editing of organisms including at the level of research planning. The comparative legal analysis of foreign regulation (including in dominant jurisdictions), provided in this article allows revealing those distinctions, determining the basic tendencies in GMO legal development and connected products with GMO components, including the matters of control with regard to GMO turnover. The analysis allowed drawing several recommendations on borrowing foreign experience for the sake of revising Russian regulation, i.e., taking regulatory measures to develop the relevant sphere of social relationships - legal acts, governmental decrees, etc. oriented towards the development of biotechnologies, raising confidence of citizens in genetics, stimulation of GMO production efficiency, and innovative development. Russia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU); therefore, the article discusses the national laws of these countries concerning GMO and contains recommendations for harmonizing the legal framework of the supranational level in the field of GMO turnover.

INNOVATIVE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

It is determined that ensuring food security and healthy nutrition for the growing population of the planet will remain a challenge for the world community. The global dominants and tendencies of development of agro-production activity within the global market of agro-food products are analyzed. The grouping of leading countries with a highly innovative agro-industrial sector, which is formed taking into account the goals of sustainable development based on the construction of a clustering model using the K-Means algorithm is done. Their experience of formation of the state policy directed for support of innovative transformations of agrarian and industrial complex is generalized and recommendations on implementation of their best achievements in the domestic agricultural sector are offered. The aim of the work is a comprehensive assessment of innovative transformations taking place in the agricultural sector in the context of the challenges of global sustainable development. The task of the research is to determine the most successful group of countries in terms of implementation of intensification of production activities, the effectiveness of innovation policy and the ability to meet the demand for food, taking into account the requirements of sustainable development; providing recommendations for the modernization of agricultural production of domestic producers. The following methods of scientific research were used to achieve the goal and solve the problems of the article: system analysis, forecasting, generalization, modeling, namely clustering by the K-Means algorithm, etc. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to provide comprehensive recommendations for the formation of domestic public policy aimed at supporting innovative transformations in the agroindustrial sector, based on key factors and determinants of its development and taking into account the best practices of leading countries in this field.Keywords: agricultural production, innovations, sustainable development, state support.JEL Classification O13, O39, Q01, Q17, F63Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 2; bibl.: 20.

The Eurasian agricultural complex: capacity, results, trade, forecast of prospects

The article examines the problems of the development of the Eurasian agro-food complex: potential, current state and prospects. The article analyzes the problem of self – sufficiency in food, taking into account mutual trade and the possibility of concentrating the efforts of the EAEU member states on an innovative breakthrough in agriculture in order to increase exports and its share in world trade, an adequately available area of farmland.

The evolving quality and scope of new social movements: Toronto food security organizations mobilizing for change.

"This research project investigates some contemporary urban aspects of the politics of food. Taking social movement theory as my theoretical framework, this paper examines the ways in which the practices and services of Toronto organizations such as the Stop Community Food Centre, FoodShare, and Not Far From The Tree promote countercultural food ideologies and thus may be viewed as actors attempting to influence political and social change through food. While individual organizations should not be confused with social movements, it is possible that we may be able look at this ensemble of organizations as an informal network that exemplifies a new contemporary form of social movement."--Pages 3-4.

The evolving quality and scope of new social movements: Toronto food security organizations mobilizing for change.

"This research project investigates some contemporary urban aspects of the politics of food. Taking social movement theory as my theoretical framework, this paper examines the ways in which the practices and services of Toronto organizations such as the Stop Community Food Centre, FoodShare, and Not Far From The Tree promote countercultural food ideologies and thus may be viewed as actors attempting to influence political and social change through food. While individual organizations should not be confused with social movements, it is possible that we may be able look at this ensemble of organizations as an informal network that exemplifies a new contemporary form of social movement."--Pages 3-4.

A typology of urban speciality shops selling rural provenance food products – a contribution from Portugal

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and typify the characteristics and diverse features of urban speciality stores selling rural provenance food, taking the case of three cities in Portugal.Design/methodology/approachThe study was based on hierarchical cluster analysis, performed upon data collected from a survey to 113 shops, located in Aveiro (n = 15), Lisbon (n = 56) and Porto (n = 42).FindingsThe study identified three clusters of shops according to the type of rural provenance products sold, services provided and clientele characteristics: the wine focused, the rural provenance focused and the generalist. The study confirms that in Portugal, small food retail outlets, with different rural provenance patterns and degrees of specialization have considerably grown in large cities over the last decade.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to typifying urban speciality food stores selling rural provenance products and to addressing critical research gaps on this topic. The study highlights the dynamism of small food retail outlets and their significance, mediating and responding to changing patterns of food consumption in urban spaces.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a better understanding and characterization of food speciality shops in urban settings and their links with rural territories of provenance, an under-researched topic on the food retail literature.

The effect of an Empowerment-Based Human Centered Educational Program on early weaning

Aim: To determine the effects of an Empowerment-Based Human Centered Educational Program on early weaning. Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) means that the infant receives only breast milk during the first six months of life. It is essential for the healthy growth of the infants and is supported by the main health organizations all around the world. Intervention studies performed within the antenatal period suggest that the education extends the duration of breastfeeding and increases the frequency of EBF. Methods: This is a semi-randomized control study. An interactive training module including role-plays which contain traditional patterns, short films, short presentations, and group practice with models was prepared. The participants were recruited in the study based on the voluntary participation of pregnant women followed up for antenatal care in a total of four family health centers in Pendik, a district of Istanbul. The pregnant women of one center formed the control group while others constituted the intervention group. All of them were certified as “Baby Friendly” institution. A pretest and a posttest have been performed to measure breastfeeding knowledge in the intervention group. The mothers of the intervention group have been randomized into two subgroups: one group for reminder call and the other for routine follow-up. All the participants including control group were called at the end of the postpartum sixth month to determine the rates of EBF. Results: Statistically significant increase in the rates of EBF at the end of six months showed the effectiveness of the education module (42.9 versus 22.2%, P = 0.001). Supplementary food taking time was earlier in the control group (18.5 ± 8 versus 15 ± 9.5 week, P = 0.03). The main reason of early weaning reported by the mothers was “the insufficiency of the mother’s milk.” Conclusion: The group training and postnatal reminders were found to be more effective than the individual training provided at the baby-friendly health institutions in terms of the effectiveness on increasing the frequency of EBF.

TANMANA BHOJANGATAH CHITAH (PSCHYE AND FOOD)

Three million ago of the south Asian region, India had his own traditional system of medicine which known as Ayurveda. It explains the Rasa, Guna, Virya, and Vipaka of the Dravyas (Medicinal as well as food materials). It gives us some unique concepts to take the food (Asta ahar vidhi Visheshayatana) and its effect on body and mind. Ayurveda is science of wellness which primarily deals in food and behavioural aspects. Food and psychology has a good relation in Ayurveda. Emotions and psychological state has a very profound role in the proper digestion and metabolism of food. Ayurveda explains different psychological and emotional state of digestion, and establishment of ground rule that we should have food with psychological relaxation without any mental disturbance. As well as impact of occupational stress and weight conscious diet on digestion according to modern medical science is discussed. Ayurveda already have many references in many places of different Samhitas especially in Charak, Sushrut and Astang. They clearly told that we have to follow the rules of Asht-Aharvidhi Visheshayatana and they coded that, food has his own properties which helps to enhance the physical factors as well as mental factors of the body. Balanced food habits complete the both Prayojana of the Ayurveda which is “Swasthasya Swastha Rakshanam and Aturasya Vikara Prashamanm Cha”. Emotional status of the person at the food taking time also plays an important role of its digestion and metabolism in the body. A big question arise here that whether first psychology effect in digestion of food or food affecting the psychology of the person.

Contextualizing the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on food security in two small cities in Bangladesh

The COVID-19 pandemic is an evolving urban crisis. This research paper assesses impacts of the lockdown on food security and associated coping mechanisms in two small cities in Bangladesh (Mongla and Noapara) during March to May 2020. Due to restrictions during the prolonged lockdown, residents (in particular low-income groups) had limited access to livelihood opportunities and experienced significant or complete loss of income. This affected both the quantity and quality of food consumed. Coping strategies reported include curtailing consumption, relying on inexpensive starchy staples, increasing the share of total expenditure allocated to food, taking out loans and accessing relief. The pandemic has exacerbated the precariousness of existing food and nutrition security in these cities, although residents with guaranteed incomes and adequate savings did not suffer significantly during lockdown. While coping strategies and the importance of social capital are similar in small and large cities, food procurement and relationships with local governments show differences.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF FERMENTED MILK DRINKS FOR NUTRITION ELDERLY PEOPLE

At present, the problem of rational nutrition for the elderly is extremely urgent, since every fourth Ukrainian is a retiree by age. Rationally built nutrition for such people contributes to the better functioning of all important organs and systems, increases the level of the body's protective response to adverse environmental factors. Various ways to improve the product to give it a herodetic orientation are offered. According to the concept of balanced nutrition, the structure of the diet of an aging person and its energy value should be correlated with the functional state of the enzyme systems responsible for the assimilation of food, taking into account the physiological needs of the body for nutrients and energy, according to age and health, which is especially important for seniors and seniors. From the point of view of gerontology and old age hygiene, such trends in society dictate the need for accurate and deep knowledge of aging processes at all levels of biological organization, from molecular to holistic organism in order to develop a nutritional diet that promotes aging, preventing aging lifestyle. The need for rational nutrition of the elderly puts forward the task of creating an assortment of products nutritionally adequate to the specifics of their nutrition, taking into account the most common pathologies. In the production of hereditary products, the most appropriate is the partial replacement of traditional raw materials with non-traditional, the introduction of dietary and biologically-active additives, the use of secondary raw materials and non-traditional vegetable (medicinal plants, berry syrups, vegetable oils). This makes it possible to create balanced for all criteria products for the elderly, whose production takes into account all age characteristics.