scholarly journals Technological principles for the introduction of winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer) into the industrial culture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bandura ◽  
◽  
N. Bisko ◽  
A. Kulik ◽  
O. Tsyz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
White Race ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Industrial Culture

Flammulina velutipes - enokitake or shortly - "enoki", is one of the most widely cultivated mushrooms on the planet. The value of the fruit bodies of the “gold mushroom” is determined by their high functional properties, in particular, the presence of bio-active proteins FIP-fve (fungal immunomodulatory protein), and special polysaccharides. Consumers like its delicate texture and bright rich aroma. In Ukraine, this mushroom is successfully grown in small-scale production, but the technological foundations for introducing it into industrial culture have not been developed until current time. The aim of the work was to determine the effective technical operations of the Flammulina industrial production using local agricultural wastes. The substrate formula (sawdust 400 g; straw 400 g; wheat bran 180g; chalk (CaCO3) 20g; water 1850 g) after sterilization (under 121°C for 120 minutes) was used for the cultivation. Ten strains from the IBK mushroom culture collection were checked, and three strains: 2038 (white race), 2039 and 2337 (yellow race), were selected. These strains have shown the best technological characteristics – short harvesting time (38 days for 2039 and 2037, 45 days for 2038) and the high level of biological efficiency (2037 -52,6%, 2039-51,3%, 2038-45,4%) in comparison with strain 1994 (white race) with the worse indexes (62 days of fruiting and 25,7% of biological efficiency) in the screening experiment. In addition, any bacterial diseases did not detect during cultivation process, except strain 1880. In the second part of the experiment selected strains have been grown in industrial conditions and their main technical characteristics were studied: biological efficiency and the time of first flush harvesting on 8 substrate compositions from local agricultural wastes. Pellets from sunflower husks as a substrate ingredient has had some technical advantages: the time of substrate preparation was shorter because it was soaked in a few minutes and the necessary density was reached. The statistical analyses data show significant differences in the parameters of vegetative growth time as for one strain on the different substrate composition as between strains. The best overall rate of vegetative development rate (U-test) was obtained in strain 2337. The transition to the generative stage was the shortest when the substrate of formula 8 was used (2337 and 2039 with a term of 27 and 28 days, respectively). The lowest time was recorded in treatment 2 (39-42 days for these strains). The most biological efficiency index (81,2%) was noted on substrate composition 8, and the lowest (35,4%) on formula 2 in strain 2039. The selected substrate formula 8 (sunflower husk 400 g, pellets of sunflower husk 300 g, corn bran 200 g, rapeseed 90 g, chalk 10 g, water 1800 g) was used for the estimation of effect weight of substrate bag to the biological efficiency of strain 2039. As a result, the biological efficiency of 2039 strain was in 1,6 times more in case of using smaller bags with 1500 g weight in comparison with treatment of bigger bag with weight 3000 g, 121,2±17,3% and 75,8±9,4% respectively. However, statistical analyses did not reveal the effect of weight for first harvesting time of 2039 strain (no statistical differences between 39±3 and 44±2 days for 1500 g and 3000 g bag weight respectively). F. velutipes strains 2037, 2039 (yellow race) and 2038 (white race) can be recommended for cultivation, but according to our research, the further studies of local agro wastes using, the influence of micro-climate on the growing process, morphological characteristics and biochemical content are importantly necessary for the development of successful industrial production.

scholarly journals Influence of plant substrate composition on the efficiency of edible mushrooms cultivation Cyclocybe aegerita (V. Brig.), Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quel., Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer and Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
I. Bandura ◽  
◽  
A. Kulyk ◽  
S. Chausov ◽  
O. Tsyz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Corn Processing ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Pleurotus Citrinopileatus

Influence of plant substrate composition on the efficiency of edible mushrooms cultivation Cyclocybe aegerita (V. Brig.), Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quel., Pleurotus citrinopileatus Singer and Flammulina velutipes (Curtis) Singer. The possibility of using plant substrates based on straw and sunflower husk, with the addition of rape seeds and corn processing waste for the cultivation of edible xylotrophic mushrooms: poplar mushroom, lemon-hat oyster mushroom and winter mushroom (white and yellow races) was investigated. The optimal formula of the substrate was established, the use of which increases the biological effectiveness of the studied strains and reduces the time required for obtaining fresh fruit bodies. Keywords: lemon-cap oyster mushroom Pleurotus citrinopileatus, poplar mushroom Cyclocybe aegerita, winter mushroom Flammulina velutipes, biological efficiency, technological cyclemushrooms (Flammulina velutipes), biological efficiency, technological cycle.

Increased Production of Recombinant O-Phospho-L-Serine Sulfhydrylase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 Using Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Emi Takeda ◽  
Tomoko Kiryu ◽  
Kentaro Mori ◽  
Miyu Ohori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Codon Optimization ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Archaeon ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aeropyrum Pernix ◽  
Natural Amino Acids

Background: O-phospho-L-serine sulfhydrylase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 (ApOPSS) is thermostable and tolerant to organic solvents. It can produce nonnatural amino acids in addition to L-cysteine. Objective: We aimed to obtain higher amounts of ApOPSS compared to those reported with previous methods for the convenience of research and for industrial production of L-cysteine and non-natural amino acids. Method: We performed codon optimization of cysO that encodes ApOPSS, for optimal expression in Escherichia coli. We then examined combinations of conditions such as the host strain, plasmid, culture medium, and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration to improve ApOPSS yield. Results and Discussion: E. coli strain Rosetta (DE3) harboring the expression plasmid pQE-80L with the codon-optimized cysO was cultured in Terrific broth with 0.01 mM IPTG at 37°C for 48 h to yield a 10-times higher amount of purified ApOPSS (650 mg·L-1) compared to that obtained by the conventional method (64 mg·L-1). We found that the optimal culture conditions along with codon optimization were essential for the increased ApOPSS production. The expressed ApOPSS had a 6-histidine tag at the N-terminal, which did not affect its activity. This method may facilitate the industrial production of cysteine and non-natural amino acids using ApOPSS. Conclusion: We conclude that these results could be used in applied research on enzymatic production of L-cysteine in E. coli, large scale production of non-natural amino acids, an enzymatic reaction in organic solvent, and environmental remediation by sulfur removal.

scholarly journals A Single Transcription Factor (PDD1) Determines Development and Yield of Winter Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes)

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taju Wu ◽  
Chengcheng Hu ◽  
Baogui Xie ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Shujie Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mushroom Breeding ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Cultivated Mushrooms

ABSTRACT Most of the edible mushrooms cannot be cultivated or have low yield under industrial conditions, partially due to the lack of knowledge on how basidioma (fruiting body) development is regulated. From winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes), one of the most popular industrially cultivated mushrooms, a transcription factor, PDD1, with a high-mobility group (HMG)-box domain was identified based on its increased transcription during basidioma development. pdd1 knockdown by RNA interference affected vegetative growth and dramatically impaired basidioma development. A strain with an 89.9% reduction in the level of pdd1 transcription failed to produce primordia, while overexpression of pdd1 promoted basidioma development. When the transcriptional level of pdd1 was increased to 5 times the base level, the mushroom cultivation time was shortened by 9.8% and the yield was increased by at least 33%. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that pdd1 knockdown downregulated 331 genes and upregulated 463 genes. PDD1 positively regulated several genes related to fruiting, including 6 pheromone receptor-encoding genes, 3 jacalin-related lectin-encoding genes, FVFD16, and 2 FVFD16 homolog-encoding genes. PDD1 is a novel transcription factor with regulatory function in basidioma development found in industrially cultivated mushrooms. Since its orthologs are widely present in fungal species of the Basidiomycota phylum, PDD1 might have important application prospects in mushroom breeding. IMPORTANCE Mushrooms are sources of food and medicine and provide abundant nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, most of the edible mushrooms cannot be cultivated commercially due to the limited understanding of basidioma development. From winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes; also known as Enokitake), one of the most commonly cultivated mushrooms, we identified a novel transcription factor, PDD1, positively regulating basidioma development. PDD1 increases expression during basidioma development. Artificially increasing its expression promoted basidioma formation and dramatically increased mushroom yield, while reducing its expression dramatically impaired its development. In its PDD1 overexpression mutants, mushroom number, height, yield, and biological efficiency were significantly increased. PDD1 regulates the expression of some genes that are important in or related to basidioma development. PDD1 is the first identified transcription factor with defined functions in mushroom development among commercially cultivated mushroom species, and it might be useful in mushroom breeding.

scholarly journals Taking Advantage of Bacterial Adaptation in Order to Optimize Industrial Production of Dry Propionibacterium freudenreichii

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriane Gaucher ◽  
Valérie Gagnaire ◽  
Houem Rabah ◽  
Marie-Bernadette Maillard ◽  
Sylvie Bonnassie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ◽  
Bacterial Adaptation ◽  
Heat Adaptation ◽  
Technological Stresses ◽  
And Storage

Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a beneficial bacterium, used both as a probiotic and as a cheese starter. Large-scale production of P. freudenreichii is required to meet growing consumers’ demand. Production, drying and storage must be optimized, in order to guarantee high P. freudenreichii viability within powders. Compared to freeze-drying, spray drying constitutes the most productive and efficient, yet the most stressful process, imposing severe oxidative and thermal constraints. The aim of our study was to provide the tools in order to optimize the industrial production of dry P. freudenreichii. Bacterial adaptation is a well-known protective mechanism and may be used to improve bacterial tolerance towards technological stresses. However, the choice of bacterial adaptation type must consider industrial constraints. In this study, we combined (i) modulation of the growth medium composition, (ii) heat-adaptation, and (iii) osmoadaptation, in order to increase P. freudenreichii tolerance towards technological stresses, including thermal and oxidative constraints, using an experimental design. We further investigated optimal growth and adaptation conditions, by monitoring intracellular compatible solutes accumulation. Glucose addition, coupled to heat-adaptation, triggered accumulation of trehalose and of glycine betaine, which further provided high tolerance towards spray drying and storage. This work opens new perspectives for high quality and fast production of live propionibacteria at the industrial scale.

Serra, Richard (1939--)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Spampinato
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Police Interrogation ◽  
Game Show ◽  
American Artist ◽  
Richard Serra ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The American artist Richard Serra emerged in the 1960s in association with the Minimalism art movement. Known primarily for his work as a sculptor, he also realized several films and videos in the 1960s and 1970s, which could be divided into two groups: 16mm films mainly concerned with sculptural issues, and videos that explore the influence of the mass media. The first group includes Hand Scraping (1968) and Hand Catching Lead (1968), whose titles alone are illustrative of their content. Defined by Benjamin H. D. Buchloh as "sculptural films," they explore the nature of sculpture as process and seriality. To this group also belong Railroad Turnbridge (1976) and Steelmill/Stahlwerk (1979), focused on materials, construction, and industrial production. The second group of moving image works consists of videos that comment on the mass media as devices of control. Television Delivers People (1973) is a series of rolling sentences about the power of television to turn its audience into a product. In Boomerang (1974), the artist Nancy Holt (1938–2014) describes her feelings of displacement while listening to her delayed voice, while The Prisoner’s Dilemma (1974) is a studio-scale production that compares a TV game show to a police interrogation.

scholarly journals Application of K-Means Clustering Algorithm to Commercial Parameters of Pleurotus spp. Cultivated on Representative Agricultural Wastes from Province of Guayas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Fabricio Guevara-Viejó ◽  
Juan Diego Valenzuela-Cobos ◽  
Purificación Vicente-Galindo ◽  
Purificación Galindo-Villardón
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Data Mining Technique ◽  
Pleurotus Djamor

Data of the commercial parameters of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor were analyzed using the data mining technique: K-means clustering algorithm. The parameters evaluated were: biological efficiency, crop yield ratio, productivity rate, nutritional composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the production of fruit bodies of 50 strains of Pleurotus ostreatus and 50 strains of Pleurotus djamor, cultivated on the most representative agricultural wastes from the province of Guayas: 80% sugarcane bagasse and 20% wheat straw (M1), and 60% wheat straw and 40% sugarcane bagasse (M2). The database of the parameters obtained in experimental procedures was grouped into three clusters, providing a visualization of the strains with a higher relation to each parameter (vector) measured.

scholarly journals Pathway towards a High Recycling Content in Traditional Ceramics

Ceramics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-501
Author(s):  
Elisa Rambaldi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ceramic Product ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Traditional Ceramics

The present work shows the path towards the industrial production of ceramic tiles containing a high amount of recycling materials in the substitution of natural raw materials. Starting from the applied research at laboratory scale, which is able to demonstrate the work feasibility, other important milestones consist of pilot scale production until the proper industrial production. Finally, when all these steps are positively achieved, the practice is consolidated and it is possible to reach the concrete sustainability benefits (social, environmental and economic). The results of an industry driven project that aimed to produce porcelain stoneware tiles containing 85% of recycled materials were selected to show this path. This innovative ceramic product—containing soda-lime scrap glass from urban-separated collection (post-consumer waste) and unfired scrap tiles from industrial ceramic process (pre-consumer waste)—was sintered about 200 °C lower than a traditional porcelain stoneware tile. It maintains high technical performances belonging to class BIa of the International Standard of ceramic tile classification (EN ISO 14411). Moreover, this product fulfils the standard requirements for dry-pressed ceramic tiles with low water absorption (≤0.5%), and it obtained the certification UNI Keymark. The LCA study was also performed and the results showed a significantly lower environmental impact of this innovative product compared to a traditional porcelain stoneware tile.

scholarly journals Neo-industrialization models and industrial culture of small towns

GeoScape ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomaž Pipan
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Know How ◽  
Industrial Culture ◽  
Innovation Economy ◽  
Ruhr Region

Abstract In the last 30 years the global supply chains and containerization transformed the world of production and stretched it across the globe. With the exodus of Process and Assembly (P&A) segment of industrial production from the developed countries, the “global north” not only lost the production capacity itself, but more importantly, the know-how in making that is a basis of industrial culture. The neoliberal attitudes in industrial production were the main force behind slow but persistent abandonment of the automotive industry in Detroit, or closing down of the coal and iron industry in the Ruhr region in Germany. Contemporary urban renewal strategies of industrial areas rely on injection of tourism based on design, popular art, cultural and leisure activities, like the Emscher Landschaftspark in Ruhr region, Germany. However, tourism-based redevelopment is economically questionable in small industrial towns. For such areas we need to envision alternative agencies that industrial past and industrial production can offer. One of the most underrated aspects of industrial production is the know-how imbedded in the P&A segment of industrial process. We argue for the industrial production know-how as a relevant part of the new innovation economy of small towns and of the local culture. This paper will trace the capacity of industrial production for culture-making by referring to production-innovation models described in regional geography. Firstly the paper identifies the P&A know-how worth reshoring. Secondly, it describes two models of neo-industrialization in order to thirdly identify a new hybrid type of a regional model and its culture.

scholarly journals Impact of Carbohydrates and Mineral Contents of Different Indigenous Strains of Oyster Mushroom (Jacq. Fr.) Cultivated on Different Agricultural Wastes

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Nasir A. Khan ◽  
Nazia Khaliq ◽  
Imran U. Haq ◽  
Nazir Javed ◽  
Amjad S. Gondal
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Cotton Waste ◽  
Different Strains

Different strains of Pleurotus ostreatus were cultivated on different agro-cellulosic wastes viz. cotton waste, wheat straw and paddy straw to determine the effect of these agro wastes on biological efficiency, carbohydrate and mineral contents including Na, K, Ca, Cu, Zn and Fe. Maximum biological efficiency was recorded on P. ostreatus (grey strain, 134.4%) and (white strain, 113.7%) on wheat straw. P. sajor-caju showed maximum biological efficiency (195.9%) on wheat straw. Maximum amount of Na was found (0.18g/100g) on P. ostreatus (grey strain) and K was found on P. sajor-caju (4.58g/100g) cultivated on paddy straw followed by wheat straw and cotton waste. P. ostreatus (white strain) cultivated on paddy straw showed maximum amount of Cu (0.0009g/100g) while maximum amount of Zn was found (0.017g/100g) on P. ostreatus (white strain). Maximum amount of Fe was found (0.008g/100g) on P. sajor-caju cultivated on cotton waste. P. sajor-caju cultivated on cotton waste showed significantly highest carbohydrate (0.079g/100g).

scholarly journals Different Agricultural Wastes as Substrates for Growth and Production of Pleurotus florida

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 835-841
Author(s):  
Vishal Hiwale
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Pleurotus Florida ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Pea Pod

Abstract: The present study was done impact of agricultural wastes on growth and production by oyster mushrooms i.e., Pleurotus florida which have a rich source of protein and also has important medicinal properties. The yield and Biological efficiency of different lignocellulosic agricultural wastes viz. Wheat straw, Maize leaves, Cob leaves, Jawar residue, Bajra residue, Bamboo leaves, Paddy straw, Sugarcane, Cotton, Soyabean, Safflower (Pods residue), Pigeon pea (Pods residue), Mung bean (Pods residue), Cowpea (Pods residue). the paddy straw showed the highest yield 892.25 gm with the highest biological efficiency 89.09 % followed by Cowpea pods residue gives 879.65 gm yield of Pleurotus florida and shows biological efficiency of 87.72%, followed by Wheat straw substrate showed 871.18 gm yields with 87.27 % biological efficiency. The Pigeon pea pod residue showed 865.85 gm yield during three harvestings having 86.36% biological efficiency. Similar result was seen Bajra residue and soybean pod residue in bajra residue showed 792.45gm yield during three harvestings having 79.245% biological efficiency, in soybean pod residue showed 791.63 gm yield during three harvestings having 79.163 % biological efficiency. The lowest yield was seen in Bamboo leaves and cotton residues. In cotton residue substrate 433.22 gm total yield along with 43.32% biological efficiency, Bamboo leaves substrate total yield were seen 438.12gm with 43.81 % biological efficacy. Keywords: Pleurotus florida, Agricultural waste, Substrates, Biological efficiency

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