scholarly journals Theater and amphitheater as structural elements of parks, gardens, garden and park ensembles of the 17th-20th centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
А. А. Dzyba
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

Theater as a place for spectacles is a form of social consciousness, a means of ideological and aesthetic education of the population. Theater reflects the peculiarities of the development of society and is related to its culture. The desire in different periods to harmoniously combine nature and culture, green theaters, and other green scenes has always reflected the tastes and fashions of a certain era. The history of the development of garden theaters in the European countries, including Ukraine, is considered. The types of theaters on the territory of historical gardens, parks, estates, palace and park complexes, and garden and park ensembles of Europe and North America of the XVII-XX centuries are studied. The history and evolution of the development of the main types of theater buildings are characterized and their differences are given. The preconditions for the emergence and popularization of open-air theaters have been clarified. The terms - garden, green, air, summer theaters - are analyzed and generalized. Based on the research, the classification and definition of a garden theater (amphitheater) are proposed. Garden theaters are types and varieties of theaters (forest, landscape, green, air, water, summer, stone, mechanical, palace) and amphitheaters (stone, lawn), located on the territory of gardens, parks, garden and park ensembles. They can be open-air (temporary), closed (permanent), combined (cooperation of temporary and permanent theaters). On the territory of gardens, parks, garden and park ensembles, several types or varieties of theaters or a theater and an amphitheater can be located, the amphitheater can be part of a theater. A comparative analysis of green, water theaters and other theaters is given. The characteristic features of the location of theaters in the planning structure of the studied objects, including elements of topiary art and an assortment of plants for green, water, air, and summer theaters, are revealed.

scholarly journals Land dispute as an object of arbitration process

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
M. A. Magomedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

In the current legislation of the Russian Federation, there is no concept of a land dispute, which causes difficulties in determining the competence of an arbitration court in cases in which the object of the dispute is land. The article analyzes the general legal concept of a dispute and the sectoral concept of a land dispute developed by scientists. The author identified the characteristic features of a land dispute and its structural elements. The work reveals the influence of the structural elements of the land dispute on the type of production in which the dispute will be considered. In addition, the author concludes that the correct definition of the structural elements of the land dispute enables the arbitration court to determine the appropriate persons participating in the case, the subject of proof, the relevance and admissibility of evidence, and ultimately make a lawful and wellgrounded court decision.

scholarly journals Patterns of Memory in Askold Melnyczuk’s Novels as an Example of Ukrainian-American Émigré Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Marta Koval
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
European History ◽  
Family Stories ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Definition Of

Although Ukrainian emigration to North America is not a new phenomenon, the dilemmas of memory and amnesia remain crucial in Ukrainian-American émigré fiction. The paper focuses on selected novels by Askold Melnyczuk (What is Told and Ambassador of the Dead) and analyzes how traumatic memories and family stories of the past shape the American lives of Ukrainian emigrants. The discussion of the selected Ukrainian-American émigré novels focuses on the dilemmas of remembering and forgetting in the construction of both Ukrainian and American narratives of the past. The voluntary amnesia of the Ame- rican-born Ukrainians in Melnyczuk’s novels confronts their parents’ dependence on the past and their inability to abandon it emotionally. Memories of ‘the old country’ make them, similarly to Ada Kruk, ambassadors of the dead. The expression becomes a metaphoric definition of those wrapped by their repressed, fragmentary and sometimes inaccessible memories. Crucial events of European history of the 20th century are inscribed and personalized in the older generation’s stories which their children are reluctant to hear. For them, their parents’ memories became a burden and a shame. Using the concept of transgenerational memory, the paper explores the challenges of postmemory, and eventually its failure. 

scholarly journals What Does it Mean to be a Woman in Sports? An Analysis of the Jurisprudence of the Court of Arbitration for Sport

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-411
Author(s):  
Lena Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Sports Law ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Caster Semenya ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Dispute ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT This article explores the definition of ‘sportswoman’ as put forward in the Caster Semenya case (2019) and the Dutee Chand case (2015) before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). It analyses the structural and discursive factors that made it possible for the CAS to endorse a definition that reduces sex and gender to a matter concerning testosterone. By relying on the concept of intersectionality and analytical sensibilities from Critical Legal Studies, the article shows that framing the cases as a matter of scientific dispute, instead of as concerning human rights, significantly influenced the CAS decisions. Moreover, structural elements of international sports law, such as the lack of knowledge of human rights among CAS arbitrators and a history of institutionalising gendered and racialised body norms through sporting regulations, further aided the affirmation of the ‘testosterone rules’.

Leaves of Karwinskia axamilpense sp.nov. (Rhamnaceae) from Oligocene sediments, near Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mexico

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-419
Author(s):  
Patricia Valasco de León ◽  
Sergio RS Cevallos-Ferriz ◽  
Alicia Silva-Pineda
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
The Past ◽  
Average Linkage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entire Margin

A new plant from the Los Ahuehuetes locality, near Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mexico, is described based on its leaves. They are characterized by being ovate to elliptic, 4.5 cm long by 2.1 cm wide, having an entire margin, eucamptodromous venation, a midvein that is slightly curved and attenuated towards the leaf apex, seven pairs of secondary veins diverging at an acute angle from the midvein, percurrent tertiary veins forking or sometimes reticulated forming areoles, and having a petiole 1.3 cm long and 0.3 cm wide. An agglomerative nonhierarchical analysis with average linkage, based on the definition of 41 character states in 18 operational taxonomic units allows distinction between Karwinskia, Berchemia, and Rhamnus; the recognition of an extinct monotypic genus, Berhamniphyllum; and the identification of two fossil species of Karwinskia, among which the new plant from Puebla, Karwinskia axamilpense Velasco de León et al., is well defined. This new fossil leaf not only adds to the recently known Tertiary plants of the Los Ahuehuetes locality, but it gives new insights into the past flora of tropical North America and further supports the long history of some neotropical endemics, suggesting that, during the Tertiary, at least some areas in southern latitudes of North America could have been important for the origin and radiation of some taxa.Key words: Oligocene, Mexico, paleobotany, Rhamnaceae, Karwinskia.

scholarly journals Comparison between the Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of 3 May 1791 and the Spanish Constitution of 19 March 1812

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
María Ruiz Estévez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Political History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Ideological Context

<p>The purpose of this article was to make a brief comparative analysis between the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and the Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of 1791. With this intention, the most characteristic features of each constitutional text were set out, and both the historical and social context prior to its promulgation and the circumstances that led to the drafting of both legal acts were analyzed. The similarities and contrasts of the political models established with both constitutions were observed, as well as the rights and freedoms recognized. Reference was also made to the founding fathers of the Constitutions and the ideological context that influenced them. Finally, the author mentioned the fate of both constitutions that were only in force for a short period of time. The article aimed to present these two legal acts that were a milestone in the constitutional and political history of each nation.</p>

scholarly journals Адам и Ева, единосъщите – модел и мит на първата библейска двойка в българския междувоенен роман

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 422-437
Author(s):  
Аглика [Aglika] Попова [Popova]
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Family ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Point Of Intersection

Adam and Eve, consubstantial: Model and myth of the first Biblical couple in Bulgarian interwar novelThe article examines the first biblical couple as a tool for comparative analysis of the mod­ernist tendencies of Bulgarian novel in the period between the two World Wars. The research focuses on works by Chavdar Mutafov, Anna Kamenova, and Dimitar Dimov, along with examples taken from French and Romanian literary pieces as representatives of the wider, European history of ideas. In the image of Creation, but also the image of the original sin, Adam and Eve are of interest because of their unity, which eventually becomes the basis of the Christian family after they leave the Garden of Eden. The borders of the model given in the Bible are breached with the introduction of a new reading – the figures of Creation can now also be seen as figures of salvation. The knowledge gained by the existing studies of myth in European literature thus becomes the foundation for a revision of the hitherto selective interpretation of works by the Bulgarian novelists. The point of intersection between the dif­ferent approaches towards the first couple is their arduous integration into the surrounding world, and adaptation to the passage of time. Another prominent feature is the discussion about the possible development of the model; the newly introduced definition of salvation that comes after Creation and the fall of man. Adam i Ewa współistotni – model i mit pierwszej biblijnej pary w bułgarskiej powieści międzywojennejTematem artykułu jest pierwsza biblijna para ludzi, rozumiana jako wiodący motyw analizy porównawczej modernistycznych tendencji w bułgarskiej powieści okresu międzywojennego. Jako przykład posłużyły prace Czawdara Mutafowa, Anny Kamenowej i Dimityra Dimowa, a także francuskie i rumuńskie utwory literackie, służące osadzeniu wywodu w szerszym kontekście europejskiej historii idei. Zarówno w obrazie Stworzenia, jak i w obrazie grze­chu pierworodnego, postacie Adama i Ewy są interesujące ze względu na ich jedność, która ostatecznie staje się podstawą chrześcijańskiej rodziny po opuszczeniu przez nich rajskiego ogrodu. Granice modelu podanego w Biblii zostają naruszone przez wprowadzenie nowego odczytania – figury Stworzenia mogą być również odczytywane jako figury zbawienia. Wiedza zdobyta dzięki dotychczasowym studiom nad mitem w literaturze europejskiej staje się pod­stawą do rewizji selektywnej interpretacji bułgarskich powieściopisarzy. Punktem wspólnym dla różnych podejść w badaniu pierwszej pary ludzi jest ich trudna integracja z otaczającym światem i próba pogodzenia się z upływem czasu. Inną istotną cechą jest dyskusja na temat rozwoju tego modelu: nowo wprowadzona definicja zbawienia, które przychodzi po Stworzeniu i upadku człowieka.

THE SPECIFICITY OF SLAVOMIR MROZHEK’S ONE-ACT PLAYS

2019 ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
Anhelina Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Life And Death ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
One Act

The article examines the characteristic features of the one-act plays of the Polish playwright of the twentieth century Slavomir Mrozhek. The creativity of the writer tends toward the Theater of absurd, it is characterized by grotesque, sharp satire, parody, contrasting combination of incompatible things as well as eccentricity. Mrozhek creates the world of his dramas by using various means of comic. He describes numerous social and political problem in his dramas. The main motives of the writer’s works are the motive of freedom, the motive of life and death, the motive of the dispute and the antagonism of nature and culture. Mrozhek’s one-act plays are short and rational, they have features of the classic “small play” of the 19th century and traits of the absurd, grotesque play of the 20th century. The article traces the history of the formation and development of the Polish and European one-act play throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, its features and characteristics, furthermore the embodiment of these features in specific dramas of Slawomir Mrozhek were analyzed. Among such dramas, the most famous ones are ‘At Sea’, ‘Karol’, ‘Strip-tease’, ‘Zabawa’, ‘Dilemmas of a dog breeder’, ‘The magical night’, ‘Fox hunting’, a brief analysis of individual works is presented in the article. Particular attention is paid to the presentation and description of the typical characters of Mrozhek’s plays, which were diligently studied by the Polish book critic Jan Blonsky. Each of the characters have a special stereotypical trait that is actualized in the acts of the dramas and is emphasized by the actions of the characters. A one-act play is a convincing view of the actual problems in a small form, which requires great skill. Mrozhek’s one-act plays are sharp, absurd, intellectual as well as topical. The language of the works is full of idioms, eloquent expressions and dialects. The surprise effect and attempts to astonish the reader and to cause ambiguous emotions are the main target for the author. The article provides a more detailed analysis of one of Mrozhek’s dramas – ‘Fox Hunting’, the main character of which is the stereotypical figure of Fox, which gives allegory, signs of fable, Aesopian language to the drama. This work is a typical example of the embodiment of the characteristic features of Slavomir Mrozhek’s one-act plays. The purpose of the article is review, analysis and research of the works of the outstanding Polish playwright Slavomir Mrozhek through the prism of his one-act plays.

scholarly journals Vital essence of a human in concepts of the Ob Ugrians and the Udmurts: to the question about Permian-Ugric parallels in mytho-ritual traditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-574
Author(s):  
T. V. Voldina ◽  
◽  
T. G. Minniyakhmetova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: the Ob-Ugric and Permian traditions have preserved elements of the ancient mythological consciousness, the study of which together with the available data of related sciences would shed light on the history of the formation of these ethnic cultures traditionally. The solution to such a complex problem is possible on the basis of a comparative analysis of the individual aspects of the perception of the worldview, including its basic values. The authors do not pretend to be unambiguous in their interpretation of limiting themselves for a start to the definition of a single worldview field with the existing of uniqueness, originality and individuality of the cultures of the communities under consideration. Objective: to examine the complexity of the general and specific ideas of the Khanty, Mansi and Udmurts about the components of the human spiritual essence (souls), its characteristic and exceptional properties, including reincarnation, family relations/ties and patronage of descendants under the perception of their traditional worldview of human life and its basic values. Research materials: the research materials are based on (a) the proceedings of the field study materials during interaction with the communities specified which are considered as the primary resources of the study undertaken by the researchers, (b) secondary materials are taken from the scientific articles, book chapters and literature etc. published so far, (c) similar research findings by the scholars in this area of study, and (d) archival resources of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Results and novelty of the research: the study of the ideas about the human soul among the examined ethnicities of the selected communities in this study have their own historical context; nevertheless, a comparative analysis of the findings lead to the novel reflections and conclusions those reveal both universal concepts for the ethnic groups and distinctive/specific characteristics peculiar to the Udmurts or the Ob-Ugrians. The Ugric and Permian people have a clear concept of the presence of two components in a human defined as two souls which are the necessary condition for a life. On the basis of this idea, certain judgments, norms of behavior, and ritual actions have been developed traditionally. The common ideas of these people are also based on the concepts about the role of the ‘mother goddess’ and the influence of the departed on the creation of the life and their ability to endow a newborn with a soul. A distinctive feature of the worldview of the Ob-Ugrians is the presence of a system of ideas about the reincarnation of the souls of the ancestors in descendants and about the connection between the soul and the flower(s) in the worldview of the Udmurts.

scholarly journals Multi-Genre Strategies of “Walking with Pushkin” by A. Terts (A. Sinyavsky)

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-191
Author(s):  
O. V. Bogdanova ◽  
E. A. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
State University ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Structural Research ◽  
Relationship Of

Based on the material of the book “Walking with Pushkin” by Abram Terts (Andrey Sinyavsky), the goal is to determine the main narrative strategies that the writer implemented. The authors demonstrate that along with the genre definitions of “novel”, “novella”, “essay”, the narrative is mediated by the techniques of “philological prose” and scientific discourse. It is shown that markers of scientific discursively narrative SinyavskyTerts in “Walking with Pushkin” is the number of characteristic features: composite partitioning, the extension of the goals and objectives  of  the   analysis,   the   coverage of  the  history  of  the  problem,  selection   of  research  methodology,  the   definition   of the novelty of the work, the establishment of perspectives, providing structural integrity, respect of chronology in understanding material, the use of the bibliographic apparatus, etc. According to the authors, the experience of Sinyavsky, a research scientist, who defended the dissertation at MSU, working in world literature of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, who read lectures at Moscow state University and the Moscow art theatre Studio, influenced the nature of the material in  the  “Walking.” and served as canon  of  structural  research. It is established that a “free”    manner    of    presentation of scientific observations is expressive means of focusing attention on the most pressing issues  of  domestic scientists  to update the relationship of history and modernity (his understanding of own creativity, manifestation of the principle of “pure art”, the semantics  of the principle of freedom within the literature of socialist realism, etc.).

scholarly journals Furniture design development trends late XX – beginning XXI century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Strilets ◽  
Mykola Lampeka ◽  
Vladimir Khizhinsky
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Furniture Design ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Objective View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Literary Materials

The purpose of the article is to identify general trends in the development of furniture design at the end of the 20th beginning – XXI century, to determine and form an objective complex scientific view, of the development of the design of the subject environment of this period. The methodology consists in the application of theoretical and empirical methods: comparative historical and objective-aspect analysis made it possible to determine the specifics of innovations in order to identify trends in the development of furniture design in the specified period; the problem-target method came in handy in the study and analysis of literary materials. Scientific novelty. In the study, for the first time, a comprehensive definition of the main signs of the formation and identification of the formulated main trends in the development of furniture design and the formation of the internal subject environment of the late XX beginning was applied XXI century. Conclusions. The results obtained allow us to identify the characteristic features of the form of creating furniture for interiors of the specified period, contribute to the establishment of an objective view of the historical development of this process, the growth of its scientific and theoretical significance in the conditions of the current industrial production in Ukraine. The theoretical aspects of the research can be further used in writing scientific papers on this topic, developing lecture courses on the history of furniture and interior design, creating special courses and special seminars for students of higher educational institutions, textbooks, manuals, and other educational and methodological literature. Key words: design, furniture, internal environment, trends in shaping, the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century.  

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