scholarly journals Furniture design development trends late XX – beginning XXI century

Author(s):  
Valeriy Strilets ◽  
Mykola Lampeka ◽  
Vladimir Khizhinsky

The purpose of the article is to identify general trends in the development of furniture design at the end of the 20th beginning – XXI century, to determine and form an objective complex scientific view, of the development of the design of the subject environment of this period. The methodology consists in the application of theoretical and empirical methods: comparative historical and objective-aspect analysis made it possible to determine the specifics of innovations in order to identify trends in the development of furniture design in the specified period; the problem-target method came in handy in the study and analysis of literary materials. Scientific novelty. In the study, for the first time, a comprehensive definition of the main signs of the formation and identification of the formulated main trends in the development of furniture design and the formation of the internal subject environment of the late XX beginning was applied XXI century. Conclusions. The results obtained allow us to identify the characteristic features of the form of creating furniture for interiors of the specified period, contribute to the establishment of an objective view of the historical development of this process, the growth of its scientific and theoretical significance in the conditions of the current industrial production in Ukraine. The theoretical aspects of the research can be further used in writing scientific papers on this topic, developing lecture courses on the history of furniture and interior design, creating special courses and special seminars for students of higher educational institutions, textbooks, manuals, and other educational and methodological literature. Key words: design, furniture, internal environment, trends in shaping, the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI century.  

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Zhang Kewu ◽  

The relevance of this topic is linked to the need to understand the way in which Asian countries develop theoretical musicology in active cross-cultural communication. This work examines Xiao Youmei (1884–1940), one of the most outstanding representatives of Chinese music culture in the first half of the XXth century. His contribution to Chinese music education and science include the organization of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music (1927), the upgrading of national musicology and the development of the first textbooks on music theory and history for training specialists. Of particular importance is Xiao Youmei's educational activities, related to the study of European music and the definition of the main directions in its research. The article mainly discusses the methods used by the Chinese musicologist in introducing European music to the students of the first music educational institutions in China. Theoretical and historical problems of European music are taught in Xiao Youmei’s textbooks: "Essays on the History of Western Music" (1920–1923), "General Musicology" (1928), "Harmony" (1932). They were distinguished by the following features: an overview principle of the presentation of the material, an expansion of the range of languages used by the term authors, several musical examples and a lack of scientific resources, which is explained by the stage of origin of the music educational system and scientific platform in China in the first decades of the XXth century. One of the main features of the content expressed in Xiao Youmei's textbooks is the correlation between various parameters of Chinese and European music. The paper provides examples illustrating the method of using the notions of one thinking system to explain the other (in the field of harmony, instrumental science). It is explained by the transitional stage in the formation of Chinese musicology — from the old system of notation to the new one.


2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (9-10) ◽  
pp. e1492-e1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Khorram-Manesh ◽  
Yohan Robinson ◽  
Ken Boffard ◽  
Per Örtenwall

Abstract Introduction The interaction between military and civilian healthcare systems has contributed to the development of medical care. Swedish innovations such as the Seldinger technique for angiography, Leksell Gamma Knife for cranial surgery, and the introduction of pacemakers and ultrasound have contributed to the global development of medicine. Several authors have described the Swedish civilian healthcare system and its development. However, the development and history of its military healthcare system and its influence on the civilian healthcare system remain untold. This review aims to describe the historical development of the Swedish military healthcare system and its path toward civilian-military collaboration and a total defense healthcare system. Material and Methods A search for all published scientific papers in Swedish and English, along with available legal documents and directives, was made. We used CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Gothenburg University’s databases and search engines. The following keywords, Swedish, military, civilian, healthcare, collaboration, and development, were searched for, alone or in combination, using a PRISMA flow chart. Duplicates, abstracts, and nonscientific publications were excluded. Results Each of the four distinct periods of historical development in the Swedish military healthcare system can be characterized by the changes necessary for transforming Sweden from an aggressive to a defensive and collaborative nation, with national and international engagement. Collaboration not only encompasses readiness and willingness to share resources and information, and to adjust routines and guidelines, but also needs a culture of consensus and respect for each other’s limitations and capabilities. The definition of military medicine and the military physician’s role in Sweden is imperative for further civilian-military collaboration. Conclusions Recent global sociopolitical changes necessitate civilian-military healthcare collaboration. Although civilian-military healthcare partnerships in various medical fields have been reported earlier, the Swedish concept of total defense’s healthcare system integration and collaboration may be a more fruitful approach. The collaboration within the total defense healthcare system will result in technical achievements, innovations, and medical advancements for the benefit of the whole nation.


Author(s):  
Martin Zach ◽  
Pavel Vyleťal

The paper presents results of research conducted under the support of the IGA LDF MENDELU project, id. No. 32/2010 (Anthropometry in Disabled Children in Relation to Furniture) and the NIS MPO ČR FR-TI1/050 project (Information System for the Support of Research, Development, Innovation and Furniture Quality). It gives an account of theoretical and methodological foundations, introduces the project’s research objectives. Its major objective is to familiarise professional public with the results of the conducted research the focus of which was to determine requirements for furniture designated for children with mobility restrictions. The defined requirements then constitute the grounds of school furniture assessment methodology. These requirements are divided into three levels that are somehow interconnected. Application of the methodology as a whole is highly wide and can be directed at all educational institutions in the Czech Republic with the pupils from the target group. The evaluation outcome is a report of each evaluated product. The questions raised also belong to a broader context of the issue at hand, related to the project of protection and safety standards establishment in relation to health status of children and youth, in the context of the “Long-term programme of the improvement of health status of the Czech Republic population – Health for everybody in the 21st century” paper, objective 4: HEALTH OF YOUTH – TO BUILD CONDITIONS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE TO BECOME HEALTHIER AND APTER TO FULFILL THEIR ROLE IN THE SOCIETY BY 2020. It is recommended to make a proper definition of the dimensional characteristics of children and update their measurements for furniture design in the Czech Republic constantly (including revision of technical regulations and innovation dimensions in the literature). This can be considered as an opportunity to improve the health of future generations.


2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Юрий Михайлович Асанов

Представлены первые результаты совместной работы таджикских и российских преподавателей в учебных заведениях Республики Таджикистан в процессе реализации программы «Русские учителя в Таджикистане». Актуальность темы обусловлена растущей ролью сотрудничества в сфере образования и подготовки кадров, которые лежат в основе абсолютно всех направлений стратегического взаимодействия этих стран. На примере Раштского района Республики Таджикистан отмечается уникальность для новейшей истории российско-таджикских отношений опыта одновременной взаимодополняющей работы преподавателей двух стран как в школе, так и в педагогическом институте. Уделено внимание роли русского языка и русскоязычного образования в Таджикистане, дается анализ нынешней ситуации с функционированием русского языка в республике. Предлагаются пути и способы его дальнейшего совершенствования для того, чтобы существенно расширить возможности практического использования русского языка. Вводится и дается определение новому научному понятию «самовоспроизводящая система». Обосновывается авторское толкование этого термина. Предложены возможности и подходы дальнейшего развития программы «Русские учителя в Таджикистане». The article discusses the role of the Russian language and Russian education in Tajikistan. The analysis of the current situation with the functioning of the Russian language in the republic is given. The author suggests the ways and the opportunities of its further improvement of significantly expand the possibilities of practical use of the Russian language. Determined the relevance of the article. The article notes that cooperation in the field of education and training lies at the heart of absolutely all areas of strategic cooperation between our countries. The author considers the first results of the joint work of Tajik and Russian teachers in educational institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan. On the example of the Rasht district of the Republic of Tajikistan, the uniqueness of the experience of the simultaneous complementary work of teachers of the two countries both at school and at the pedagogical institute for the recent history of Russian-Tajik relations is noted. The definition of a new scientific concept “self-reproducing system” is introduced and given. The author’s interpretation of this term is substantiated, in contrast to the generally accepted ones. The expediency of attracting non-profit organizations of the two countries to the development of Russian-Tajik educational cooperation is noted. A number of other practical proposals for the development of joint teaching activities in educational institutions of Tajikistan, namely, that the construction of Russian schools will provide an opportunity to create effective centers of culture and education in the regions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-162
Author(s):  
Oleh Pylypchuk ◽  
Oleh Strelko ◽  
Yulia Berdnychenko

The year 2020, verging to a close, is one of the most difficult and hardest years in the life of mankind over the last century. Unfortunately, it is in the 20th year of each century for the last several hundred years that human civilization has been suffering from another global pandemic (to say nothing of local and regional pandemics)… Several pandemics of plague killed at least 300 million people, and the highest incidence in Europe occurred in 1720‒1722. In 1817‒1824, the First Cholera Pandemic spread across the world. One hundred years later, in 1918‒1920, fifty million lives worldwide were claimed by the Spanish flu (H1N1). For a year now, starting in December 2019 and throughout 2020, the entire world is fighting the 21st century pandemic – the global COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Despite all the difficulties that humanity faces today, life goes on, and the world scientific community is persistently looking for ways to get out of the latest pandemic trap. The world has learned the lessons of pandemics and learned to use the acquired knowledge and scientific legacy of past generations. This led to a quick response to the challenges that life presents us. In December 2020, at this writing, several pharmaceutical companies have already announced the invention of vaccines and the final stages of their trials. We hope that our esteemed authors and readership will witness yet another victory of science over the world's evil. 10 years ago to the day, creation of the History of Science and Technology journal began. Therefore, we would like to summarize some of the work undertaken over the years. The first issue of History of Science and Technology was published in 2011. The founder of the journal was the State Economy and Technology University of Transport. State Economy and Technology University of Transport was one of the three universities in Ukraine that mainly trained specialists for the railway industry. It is the teachers, students and staff of the State Economy and Technology University of Transport who became the primary authors of the first journal issues. Therefore, in the first years after the journal was created, its focus on the study of the history of the development of railway transport and related areas was apparent. Back then the journal was titled History of Science and Technology: Collection of scientific papers of the State Economic and Technological University of Transport. Printed versions of the journal were regularly distributed in libraries of higher educational institutions and research institutions of Ukraine. The electronic version of the full-text issue of the journal (without division into separate articles) was posted on the University library website. Gradually, the journal began to gain popularity, and as far back as in 2013‒2015 it received a large audience of readers and authors across regions and organizations from all over Ukraine. Accordingly, the themes of the articles changed, being no longer limited to rail transport, but extended to the study of the history of all branches of science and various technologies instead. In 2016, the journal History of Science and Technology replaced its founder. It was the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies which was established through the decree of Ukrainian government dated February 29, 2016 by way of merger of two metropolitan higher educational institutions – Kyiv State Maritime Academy named after hetman Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachnyi and State Economy and Technology University of Transport. Accordingly, the name of the journal has changed into History of Science and Technology: Collection of scientific papers of State University of Infrastructure and Technologies. The next stage in the life of the journal was the creation of its separate website in March 2018. Since then, work has begun on a deeper reform of the journal, which continues to this day. History of Science and Technology journal is constantly changing. Thus, steps have been taken to improve the design of the journal and bring it into line with internationally recognized standards. The composition of the journal's editorial board has undergone significant personnel changes. In April 2019, it underwent state re-registration of the print media and acquired its current name – History of Science and Technology journal. However, fundamental steps have been taken towards filling the journal with original and high-qualty scientific content that would be of interest not only to the Ukrainian reader but also to foreign reader. Strict analysis in the selection of articles, strict plagiarism policy, independent double-blind peer review, as well as numerous other steps and innovations, have affected the number of published articles. If in 2019 approximately 25% of submitted articles were rejected, in 2020 this figure reaches almost 60%. Although hopefully, a change in quality of articles for the better followed the change in their number. They have really become interesting to the international world community, as evidenced by statistics on daily visits to the journal's website by representatives from around the world. The journal generated interest among authors from different countries and continents. In the first issue of History of Science and Technology for the year 2020, articles by authors representing universities and research organizations from Ghana, Canada, USA, Spain, Russia and Ukraine were published. Thus, in the second issue of 2020, History of Science and Technology journal introduces its readers to articles by authors from around the world, namely Azerbaijan, India, Indonesia, Italy, Spain and Ukraine. While summing up our 10 years’ work, we would like not to be limited to bare figures. Thus, History of Science and Technology has published 10 volumes and 17 issues over the years, which include more than 400 articles by various authors. And of course, each of these published articles has undergone a great deal of work by authors, editors, reviewers, proof-readers, print workers, etc. All these people primarily have always been trying to make History of Science and Technology journal interesting for you, our Readers! Our team will keep working enthusiastically and persistently on it!


Author(s):  
Viktor Yu. Sokolov

The article analyses characteristic features of the formation of system of secondary specialized library institutions in Ukraine in the 1920s — 1950s, as well as various professional courses and secondary technical schools that trained library specialists. The purpose of this article is to reveal the distinctive features, the main factors and stages of formation and development of secondary specialized library education in the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920s — 1950s, to characterize the varieties, features of creation and development of technical schools, which trained library specialists of mid-level management, especially library technical schools. The author used both general scientific research methods (description, comparison, analogy, deduction, induction, analysis, etc.) and historical (historical-comparative, historical-typological, historical-diachronic, chronological) methods. The author proves that in the second half of the 1930s, the country developed the system of secondary specialized library education, consisting both of training courses, retraining of specialists and also of a number of special educational institutions — various types of technical schools and other institutions where librarians were trained. In particular, there was formed the network of special library technical schools. Based on the analysis of historical, socio-political, cultural and other social factors, the author proposes periodization of formation and development of secondary special educational institutions, which trained library workers. Training of specialists in library technical schools and other secondary institutions became the basis for the formation of human resource of librarians of mid-level qualification for the different types of libraries (mainly for mass). The results and conclusions of this work can serve as a source material for further research on the history of secondary special library education; the material can be used in the special course lectures on the history of library education.


2021 ◽  
pp. 173-191
Author(s):  
O. V. Bogdanova ◽  
E. A. Vlasova

Based on the material of the book “Walking with Pushkin” by Abram Terts (Andrey Sinyavsky), the goal is to determine the main narrative strategies that the writer implemented. The authors demonstrate that along with the genre definitions of “novel”, “novella”, “essay”, the narrative is mediated by the techniques of “philological prose” and scientific discourse. It is shown that markers of scientific discursively narrative SinyavskyTerts in “Walking with Pushkin” is the number of characteristic features: composite partitioning, the extension of the goals and objectives  of  the   analysis,   the   coverage of  the  history  of  the  problem,  selection   of  research  methodology,  the   definition   of the novelty of the work, the establishment of perspectives, providing structural integrity, respect of chronology in understanding material, the use of the bibliographic apparatus, etc. According to the authors, the experience of Sinyavsky, a research scientist, who defended the dissertation at MSU, working in world literature of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, who read lectures at Moscow state University and the Moscow art theatre Studio, influenced the nature of the material in  the  “Walking.” and served as canon  of  structural  research. It is established that a “free”    manner    of    presentation of scientific observations is expressive means of focusing attention on the most pressing issues  of  domestic scientists  to update the relationship of history and modernity (his understanding of own creativity, manifestation of the principle of “pure art”, the semantics  of the principle of freedom within the literature of socialist realism, etc.).


Author(s):  
Svitlana Sysoieva

The article deals with the essence and content of the concept of general pedagogy in the context of itscorrelation with the multiplicity of knowledge about education, its development and improvement of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of modern pedagogical research. It has been emphasized that general pedagogy is understood as science and as a scientific discipline, and the definition of general pedagogy, as a rule, includes both aspects. The article concludes that general pedagogy is the core of pedagogical science; it forms its basis, which at the substantive-essential level distinguishes pedagogical science from all other branches of scientific knowledge. General pedagogy studies and discloses key pedagogical categories, notions, concepts, paradigms, approaches, laws, patterns, principles according to which any pedagogical phenomenon or pedagogical process are opened out, develops a methodology for building pedagogical science and conducting pedagogical research, methods and methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of pedagogical phenomena and processes, criteria of the scientific and pedagogical activity effectiveness, analysis of general pedagogical and philosophical doctrines. The actual problems of general pedagogy are the methodology of pedagogical research, problems of the upbringing and socialization of children and youth, history of pedagogy, comparative pedagogy, problems of managing educational institutions and strategies for their development. The modernity of the solution of the indicated problems is determined by the completeness of the account of the conditions in which people find themselves today: the globalized world, technological challenges, expansion of the media space and its impact on human consciousness, a crisis of values, problems of intercultural communication, and the like. The study of these complex problems requires a new methodology of pedagogical research at the level of multi- and interdisciplinarity. The development of such a methodology is an urgent need for modern pedagogical science and practice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Urazikova ◽  

Modern society challenges higher education with the task to train a specialist who is knowledgeable, thinking, able to independently extract and apply knowledge in practice. The solution to this problem is through search content, forms, methods and means of learning, providing wider development opportunities, self-development and self-realization. In this regard the problem of mastering students ' methods of cognitive activity in the conditions of independent work becomes particularly relevant. Independent work is one of the most important and widely discussed problems of teaching in schools and universities. In the modern psychological and pedagogical literature there are various approaches to the definition of the concept of "independent work". This article reveals the main aspects of the development of the organization of independent work of students in the history of pedagogy. The characteristic features of the organization of independent work of students of each period of development of the Russian higher school are revealed in the text.


2019 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
М. П. Артеменко

The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the development of fashion shows as tourist attractions based on the use of costume, as well as the definition of their place among the components of the modern fashion tour. The study contains historiographical and systematic analysis of publications on selected topics, periodization of the fashion show as a recreational and tourist resource, depending on the stages of increasing the scale of the audience, as well as systematization of the components of the modern fashion tour. The analysis of publications, which considers the history of becoming a fashion show through the prism of increasing the tourist potential. As a result, the theoretical study revealed a close relationship between the fashion industry and the tourism industry, which manifests itself in the early stages of development. The summary of the analysis of the formation of a fashion show as a recreational and tourist resource is presented in the form of a chronological scheme, in which, over decades, fundamental differences in the presentation of a costume on the podium can be traced, as well as five stages of increasing the scale of the audience, which indirectly reflect the growth of tourist and recreational interest to this type of activities. In addition, the place of fashion show in the systematic list of components of modern fashion tours is determined, among which, in addition to fashion shows, there are proposals for the purchase of goods from well-known brands with special discounts, visiting costume exhibitions, workshops and salons of designers of clothing, leading educational institutions in fashion, etc. Thus, the costume and all stages of its design and presentation are the key conceptual links around which a number of fashionable recreational and tourist proposals are formed. The chronology of the formation of a fashion show as a recreational and tourist resource based on the use of the costume has been built and the stages of its development have been determined depending on the stages of increasing the scale of the audience. Reasonably leading the fashion show among the components of the events of a modern fashion tour. The obtained results determine the possibilities of a deeper understanding of the role of a suit and ways of presenting it on the podium in modern lists of recreational and tourist events, and can also be used in the training of design specialists, in teaching disciplines related to costume design and fashion history, and in the practical activities of designers, costume artists, tourism managers and the like.


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