scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Screening in India: Current Situation, Challenges and Way Forwards

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
MD. Abu Bashar ◽  
Nazia Begam
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Screening Services ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effective Preventive Measure

Cancer screening is a highly effective preventive measure that can reduce cancer incidence and mortality. COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted the ongoing screening activities for early diagnosis of cancers across the globe and the worst affected are low and middle income countries and India is no exception to it. This disruption to cancer screening services may have a significant impact on patients, health care practitioners, and health systems. Through this paper, we aim to offer a comprehensive view on the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening in India and offer potential solutions to the problems arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic in cancer screening and prevention.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Screening: Challenges and Opportunities

JMIR Cancer ◽  
10.2196/21697 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e21697
Author(s):  
Ramon S Cancino ◽  
Zhaohui Su ◽  
Ruben Mesa ◽  
Gail E Tomlinson ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States and across the globe. Cancer screening is an effective preventive measure that can reduce cancer incidence and mortality. While cancer screening is integral to cancer control and prevention, due to the COVID-19 outbreak many screenings have either been canceled or postponed, leaving a vast number of patients without access to recommended health care services. This disruption to cancer screening services may have a significant impact on patients, health care practitioners, and health systems. In this paper, we aim to offer a comprehensive view of the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening. We present the challenges COVID-19 has exerted on patients, health care practitioners, and health systems as well as potential opportunities that could help address these challenges.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer Screening: Challenges and Opportunities (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon S Cancino ◽  
Zhaohui Su ◽  
Ruben Mesa ◽  
Gail E Tomlinson ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

UNSTRUCTURED Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States and across the globe. Cancer screening is an effective preventive measure that can reduce cancer incidence and mortality. While cancer screening is integral to cancer control and prevention, due to the COVID-19 outbreak many screenings have either been canceled or postponed, leaving a vast number of patients without access to recommended health care services. This disruption to cancer screening services may have a significant impact on patients, health care practitioners, and health systems. In this paper, we aim to offer a comprehensive view of the impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening. We present the challenges COVID-19 has exerted on patients, health care practitioners, and health systems as well as potential opportunities that could help address these challenges.

scholarly journals Is Colorectal Cancer Screening Appropriate in Nigeria?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Knapp ◽  
Olusegun I. Alatise ◽  
Olalekan O. Olasehinde ◽  
Ademola Adeyeye ◽  
Omobolaji O. Ayandipo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Prospective Trials ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) will continue to increase for the foreseeable future, largely driven by increasing incidence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria. METHODS We used the Wilson-Jungner framework (1968) to review the literature relevant to CRC screening in Nigeria and propose areas for future research and investment. RESULTS Screening is effective when the condition sought is both important and treatable within the system under evaluation. The incidence of CRC is likely increasing, although the exact burden of disease in Nigeria remains poorly understood and access to definitive diagnosis and treatment has not been systematically quantified. In high-income countries (HICs), CRC screening builds on a well-known natural history. In Nigeria, a higher proportion of CRC seems to demonstrate microsatellite instability, which is dissimilar to the molecular profile in HICs. Prospective trials, tissue banking, and next-generation sequencing should be leveraged to better understand these potential differences and the implications for screening. Fecal immunochemical test for hemoglobin (FIT) is recommended for LMICs that are considering CRC screening. However, FIT has not been validated in Nigeria, and questions about the impact of high ambient temperature, endemic parasitic infection, and feasibility remain unanswered. Prospective trials are needed to validate the efficacy of stool-based screening, and these trials should consider concomitant ova and parasite testing. CONCLUSION Using the Wilson-Jungner framework, additional work is needed before organized CRC screening will be effective in Nigeria. These deficits can be addressed without missing the window to mitigate the increasing burden of CRC in the medium to long term.

scholarly journals Screen and Triage to Facilitate Screen and Treat by Community Health Extension Workers: Task-Sharing Strategy to Achieve Universal Cervical Cancer Screening in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 14s-14s
Author(s):  
Olutosin A. Awolude ◽  
Sunday O. Oyerinde ◽  
Joshua O. Akinyemi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Local Government ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Health Extension Workers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Screening Services

Abstract 31 Purpose Universal access to cervical cancer screening remains elusive in most low- to middle-income countries, which shoulder the greatest burden of this preventable disease. Whereas a cytology-based screening strategy is logistically impossible, the shortage of health care workers (HCWs) and appropriate training limit the implementation of cheaper and equally effective methods, such as visual inspection after application of acetic acid (VIA); however, effective use of task shifting and sharing to involve community health extension workers (CHEWs) in HIV program delivery in low- to middle-income countries has brought innovation to bear in overcoming the HCW shortage. Hence, this study leveraged this novel strategy to pilot the provision of cervical cancer screening by CHEWs in Nigeria. The current study aimed to train and support the available health care workforce in rural communities to achieve population coverage for cervical cancer screening and reduce the cervical cancer burden in Nigeria. Methods We piloted improving the knowledge and practice skills of CHEWs/CHOs in a rural local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria, to provide community-level cervical cancer screening service. Improvement in knowledge and skills was accomplished through training, technical and infrastructural support, and participatory supervision for HCWs in the PHCs and general hospital in the local government area using the VIA method and by linking VIA-positive cases to the general hospital to screen and treat. Results Fifty-one HCWs, including physicians, nurses, and CHEWs/CHOs, were trained with five PHCs, and the general hospital was provided with materials with which to administer cervical cancer screening services. Participants’ knowledge improved from an average of 50.5% at pretraining to 88.8% immediately post-training. Of the 950 eligible women who were screened in 1 year, 848 (89.3%) were screened by CHEWs/CHOs. Of the 66 who were screened as VIA positive by CHEWs/CHOs, 58 (88.1%) agreed with the supervisory team review compared with 18 (92.3%) of 19 who were screened by nurses (κ statistics, 0.84 and 0.76, respectively). Three cases of invasive cervical cancer were diagnosed during this period, two of which were by CHEWs/CHOs. Conclusion This pilot project demonstrated that, with appropriate competency training and necessary support, CHEWs/CHOs can successfully identify cervical dysplasia. These HCWs are important resources to leverage to achieve universal coverage of cervical cancer screening services in Nigeria. We plan to expand this program to involve the seven health zones in Oyo state, Nigeria, in a hub and spoke manner to establish its wider feasibility. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.

Predictors of uptake of cervical cancer screening among nurses in Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rahmat A Oyekale ◽  
O Abimbola Oluwatosin ◽  
Olaide B Edet
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Screening Services

Background/Aims More than one million women are currently living with cervical cancer. Approximately 311 000 deaths were attributed to the disease in 2018, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries, like Nigeria. Cervical cancer screening has been consistently shown to be effective in reducing the occurrence of new cases of cervical cancer and mortality related to the disease. This study aimed to determine the predictors of cervical cancer screening among nurses in Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which used a structured pretested questionnaire to collect data from 230 nurses randomly selected from two settings in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square and logistic regression. Results All participants had heard of cervical cancer and its screening measures. More than half of the respondents (68.7%) had never submitted for screening. The respondents reported factors such as lack of facilities (77.0%), financial status (76.5%), lack of awareness (75.7%), inconvenient screening time (75.7%) and level of education (71.7%) as influencers of use of cervical cancer screening. Logistic regression analysis showed marital status was significantly related to cervical cancer screening usage (P=0.047). Conclusions Good knowledge of nurses on cervical cancer screening does not translate to uptake of screening services. It is recommended that cervical and other cancer screening services should be included in the pre-employment medical examination of nurses to compel usage of screening services.

The Impact of Covid 19 on Pregnant Women and Child Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1367-1373
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sanjay Mujbaile ◽  
Smita Damke
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Separation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
General Wellbeing

The Covid illness (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly all through the world and has had a drawn-out impact. The Pandemic has done incredible damage to society and made genuine mental injury to numerous individuals. Mental emergencies frequently cause youngsters to deliver sentiments of relinquishment, despondency, insufficiency, and fatigue and even raise the danger of self-destruction. Youngsters with psychological instabilities are particularly powerless during the isolate and colonial removing period. Convenient and proper assurances are expected to forestall the event of mental and social issues. The rising advanced applications and wellbeing administrations, for example, telehealth, web-based media, versatile wellbeing, and far off intuitive online instruction can connect the social separation and backing mental and conduct wellbeing for youngsters. Because of the mental advancement qualities of youngsters, this investigation additionally outlines intercessions on the mental effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Further difficulties in Low Middle-Income Countries incorporate the failure to actualize successful general wellbeing estimates, for example, social separating, hand cleanliness, definitive distinguishing proof of contaminated individuals with self-disconnection and widespread utilization of covers The aberrant impacts of the Pandemic on youngster wellbeing are of extensive concern, including expanding neediness levels, upset tutoring, absence of admittance to the class taking care of plans, decreased admittance to wellbeing offices and breaks in inoculation and other kid wellbeing programs. Kept tutoring is critical for kids in Low Middle-Income Countries. Arrangement of safe situations is mainly testing in packed asset obliged schools. 

Defining Preterm Birth and Stillbirth in the Western Pacific: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110260
Author(s):  
Mairead Connolly ◽  
Laura Phung ◽  
Elise Farrington ◽  
Michelle J. L. Scoullar ◽  
Alyce N. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Preterm birth and stillbirth are important global perinatal health indicators. Definitions of these indicators can differ between countries, affecting comparability of preterm birth and stillbirth rates across countries. This study aimed to document national-level adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of preterm birth and stillbirth in the WHO Western Pacific region. A systematic search of government health websites and 4 electronic databases was conducted. Any official report or published study describing the national definition of preterm birth or stillbirth published between 2000 and 2020 was eligible for inclusion. A total of 58 data sources from 21 countries were identified. There was considerable variation in how preterm birth and stillbirth was defined across the region. The most frequently used lower gestational age threshold for viability of preterm birth was 28 weeks gestation (range 20-28 weeks), and stillbirth was most frequently classified from 20 weeks gestation (range 12-28 weeks). High-income countries more frequently used earlier gestational ages for preterm birth and stillbirth compared with low- to middle-income countries. The findings highlight the importance of clear, standardized, internationally comparable definitions for perinatal indicators. Further research is needed to determine the impact on regional preterm birth and stillbirth rates.

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