scholarly journals Original Paper: Mixing of Sputnik V and AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Abdul M Gbaj
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
The Future

Background and Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine helps to develop immunity to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in most cases preventing the disease. Although various brands of vaccines work in different modes, all COVID-19 vaccines prompt an immune reaction to make the body remembers how to protect from the virus in the future. The present study aims to evaluate the safety and the immune response for mixing of Sputnik V and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines on mice. Materials and Methods: Our experimental study was performed on mice weighing on average of 20 g, selected by random allocation. The mice were divided into four groups of 12. Group one received a single dose of 0.5 ml Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine, group two received two doses of 0.5 ml AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, group three received two doses of 0.5 ml Sputnik V together with 0.5 ml AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and group four received two doses of 0.5 ml of 0.9 % NaCl. Results: Our study shows that mixing of Sputnik V and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines is safe and induces good immunity for mice. Conclusion: Mixing of Sputnik V and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines creates no problems and provides good immunity to mice and may be an interesting technique to help to overcome shortcomings of one or the other vaccine. Further toxicity studies are required to assess potential hazards for humans to evaluate the histopathological characteristics.

scholarly journals Mixing of Sputnik V and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Abdul Gbaj
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
The Future

Background and Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine helps to develop immunity to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, in most cases preventing the disease. Although various brands of vaccines work in different modes, all COVID-19 vaccines prompt an immune reaction to make the body remembers how to protect from the virus in the future. The present study aims to evaluate the safety and the immune response for mixing of Sputnik V and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines on mice. Materials and Methods: Our experimental study was performed on mice weighing on average of 20 g, selected by random allocation. The mice were divided into four groups of 12. Group one received a single dose of 0.5 ml Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine, group two received two doses of 0.5 ml AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, group three received two doses of 0.5 ml Sputnik V together with 0.5 ml AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine and group four received two doses of 0.5 ml of 0.9 % NaCl. Results: Our study shows that mixing of Sputnik V and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines is safe and induces good immunity for mice. Conclusion: Mixing of Sputnik V and AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines creates no problems and provides good immunity to mice and may be an interesting technique to help to overcome shortcomings of one or the other vaccine. Further toxicity studies are required to assess potential hazards for humans to evaluate the histopathological characteristics.

Basic Concepts and Definitions of Allergology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Vrucinic
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Medical Vocabulary ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Basic Insight ◽  
Insight Into

The future of medicine belongs to immunology and alergology. I tried to not be too wide in description, but on the other hand to mention the most important concepts of alergology to make access to these diseases more understandable, logical and more useful for our patients, that without complex pathophysiology and mechanism of immune reaction,we gain some basic insight into immunological principles. The name allergy to medicine was introduced by Pirquet in 1906, and is of Greek origin (allos-other + ergon-act; different reaction), essentially representing the reaction of an organism to a substance that has already been in contact with it, and manifested as a specific response thatmanifests as either a heightened reaction, a hypersensitivity, or as a reduced reaction immunity. Synonyms for hypersensitivity are: altered reactivity, reaction, hypersensitivity. The word sensitization comes from the Latin (sensibilitas, atis, f.), which means sensibility,sensitivity, and has retained that meaning in medical vocabulary, while in immunology and allergology this term implies the creation of hypersensitivity to an antigen. Antigen comes from the Greek words, anti-anti + genos-genus, the opposite, anti-substance substance that causes the body to produce antibodies.

Hand Movements Which Cross the Body Midline: Findings Relating Age Differences to Handedness

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Body Midline ◽  
Inhibition Effect

Performance of 200 children (5 groups, 4 to 12 yr.) in an experimental study of spatial development was analyzed in terms of hand preference and differences in laterality of response. In accord with the literature a cross-lateral inhibition effect was confirmed but there were marked differences between hands. The supposed ‘body midline’ seemed to offer more resistance to one hand than to the other. Alternative explanations are suggested.

scholarly journals Importance of Panchakarma treatment in Ayurveda

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Shirke
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Management ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Future

The main objective of health science is to provide better health to every human being. Indian system of medicine commonly known as Ayurveda has a holistic approach towards the disease and provides treatment without affecting the other parts of the body. Similarly, it is effective in preventing an individual from getting diseased in the future. In Ayurveda, diseases can be classified into two basic categories such as -ailments treated or managed by Shodhan therapy and the ailments treated by surgical intervention. Further, it’s suggested that in conditions where surgery is indicated, one can try Shodhan or Panchkarma therapies before performing surgery or/ if the patient is not fit for surgery or not willing to undergo a surgical procedure. Similarly, Acharya has specified that physician should not advocate Surgery in diseases which can be treated by Shodhan and Shaman therapies (conservative management). Panchakarma is a combination of five procedures of purification- Vamana (Emesis), Virechana (Purgation), Niroohavasti (Decoction enema), Nasya (instillation of medicine through nostrils), and Anuvasanavasti (Oil enema). These procedures aim at plucking away the deep-rooted imbalances in the body.

scholarly journals Single-dose HPV vaccination efficacy among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya (the KEN SHE Study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruanne V. Barnabas ◽  
Elizabeth R. Brown ◽  
Maricianah Onono ◽  
Elizabeth A. Bukusi ◽  
Betty Njoroge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
Meningococcal Vaccine ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer among women in Kenya and many sub-Saharan African countries. High coverage of HPV vaccination is a World Health Organization priority to eliminate cervical cancer globally, but vaccine supply and logistics limit widespread implementation of the current two or three dose HPV vaccine schedule. Methods We are conducting an individual randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether a single dose of the bivalent (HPV 16/18) or nonavalent (HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/6/11) HPV vaccine prevents persistent HPV infection, a surrogate marker for precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of immediate, single-dose bivalent or nonavalent vaccination with delayed HPV vaccination. Kenyan women age 15–20 years old are randomized to immediate bivalent HPV and delayed meningococcal vaccine (group 1), immediate nonavalent HPV vaccine and delayed meningococcal vaccine (group 2), or immediate meningococcal vaccine and delayed HPV vaccine (group 3) with 36 months of follow-up. The primary outcome is persistent vaccine-type HPV infection by month 18 and by month 36 for the final durability outcome. The secondary objectives include to (1) evaluate non-inferiority of antibody titers among girls and adolescents (age 9 to 14 years) from another Tanzanian study, the DoRIS Study (NCT02834637), compared to KEN SHE Study participants; (2) assess the memory B cell immune response at months 36 and 37; and (3) estimate cost-effectiveness using the trial results and health economic models. Discussion This study will evaluate single-dose HPV vaccine efficacy in Africa and has the potential to guide public health policy and increase HPV vaccine coverage. The secondary aims will assess generalizability of the trial results by evaluating immunobridging from younger ages, durability of the immune response, and the long-term health benefits and cost of single-dose HPV vaccine delivery. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03675256. Registered on September 18, 2018

scholarly journals Penggunaan Larutan Pepaya (Carica papaya) sebagai Larvasida Nyamuk Aedes aegypty

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Restu Prastiwi ◽  
Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum ◽  
Prehatin T. N
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>Aedes aegypti mosquito is a type of mosquito that can carry dengue virus that causes dengue fever. This mosquito has the potential to transmit dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF is a disease characterized by sudden fever, bleeding both on the skin and in other parts of the body and can cause shock and death. So in order to reduce the impact of the disease, there are several ways that must be taken. One way of controlling that is done to reduce the population of aedes aegypti mosquitoes is by reducing larval growth by using a solution of papaya leaves as larvacide. Papaya leaves contain tannins of 0.12%. So it is possible to kill larvae. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the average mortality of untreated instar 1 aedes aegypti larvae and treated with a solution of distilled papaya leaves, amounting to 0ml / 100ml (X0), 1ml / 100ml (X1), 2ml / 100ml (2) , 4ml / 100m (X3) with observations every 6 hours for 24 hours. This study is a true experimental study with the presentation of the data analyzed using the kruskal wallis test on spss. The results showed that there were differences between the control group and the treatment group (p &lt;0.05). The most significant difference occurred in the 4ml / 100ml (X3) group which had the highest mortality than the other groups. So the higher the concentration and the longer the duration of exposure, the higher the mortality rate in the larvae. </em></p>

THE IMPORTANCE OF FATHERS IN THE REARING OF CHILDREN—TWO EIGHTEENTH CENTURY VIEWS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 915-915
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
The Future ◽  
Equal Interest

The two quotations below,1 the first from the writings of Dr. William Buchan (1729-1805) and the second from those of Dr. C. August Struve (1767-1807) were probably read with incredulity by eighteenth century fathers, most of whom considered the affairs of the nursery entirely the domain of women. The mother is not the only person concerned in the management of children; the father has an equal interest in their welfare, and ought to assist in every thing that respects either the improvement of the body or mind. It is a pity that men should be so inattentive to this matter; their negligence is one reason why females know so little of it. Women will ever be desirous to excel in such accomplishments as recommend them to the other sex; but men generally keep at such a distance from even the smallest acquaintance with the affairs of the nursery, that many would reckon it an affront were they supposed to know any thing of them. Not so, however, with the kennel or the stables: a gentleman of the first rank is not ashamed to give directions concerning the management of dogs or horses, yet would blush were he surprised in performing the same office for that being who derived its existence from himself, who is the heir to his fortunes, and the future hope of his country. I by no means wish to insinuate that the troubles and cares of education during the first periods of life should be exclusively imposed upon mothers.

Envoicing the Future: Victoria Hanna's Exterior Voice

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
RUTHIE ABELIOVICH
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Future ◽  
Voice Relationship ◽  
Central Claim ◽  
A Performance

This essay examines theatrical dimensions of the future in Signals, a performance by the Israeli vocalist Victoria Hanna. An examination of four scenes from this performance, I argue, shows that the sounds in Hanna's voice act in the symbolic dualities of female–male, human–technological, and embodied–disembodied figures. These dualities amplify the discrepancy between Hanna's staged identity (female, human, embodied figure) and an absent exterior other (male, technological, disembodied figure). The notion of ‘envoicement’ is developed in order to analyse these dualities and, in particular, to explore the body–voice relationship that they compose. Drawing on Emmanuel Levinas's ethical theory in Time and the Other, I argue that the meaning attributed to the future is never conveyed in its presence but rather in its absence; that is, signifying practices that represent the absent exterior referent stage the future. Through this central claim, I thus assert that Hanna's disembodied voice ‘envoices’ the future.

scholarly journals Field trials of an inactivated oil-adjuvant vaccine against louping-ill (Arbovirus group B)

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Brotherston ◽  
C. C. Bannatyne ◽  
A. O. Mathieson ◽  
T. B. Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Maternal Immunity ◽  
Adjuvant Vaccine ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
Group B

SUMMARYA single dose of inactivated louping-ill oil-adjuvant vaccine elicited a serologically detectable immune response in sheep lasting for at least 1 year. These sheep when exposed to a natural focus of louping-ill virus were completely protected from clinical disease and 1 year after vaccination were able to pass on a substantial maternal immunity to their lambs.Twenty-nine per cent of unvaccinated sheep, exposed at the same time, died from clinical louping-ill; half of the survivors showed positive sero-conversion and became immune, while the other half remained susceptible. The incidence of fatal encephalomyelitis in sheep which were known to have circulated virus exceeded 50% in 2 out of 3 trials conducted simultaneously in different locations in Scotland in 1969.

scholarly journals Single-dose HPV Vaccination Efficacy Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya (the KEN SHE Study): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruanne Barnabas ◽  
Elizabeth Brown ◽  
Maricianah Onono ◽  
Elizabeth A. Bukusi ◽  
Betty W. Njoroge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Group ◽  
Meningococcal Vaccine ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background: HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer, a leading cause of cancer among women in Kenya and many sub-Saharan African countries. High coverage of HPV vaccination is a World Health Organization priority to eliminate cervical cancer globally, but vaccine supply and logistics limits widespread implementation of the current two or three dose HPV vaccine schedule. Methods: We are conducting an individual randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether a single dose of the bivalent (HPV 16/18) or nonavalent (HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/6/11) HPV vaccine prevents persistent HPV infection, a surrogate marker for precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of immediate, single-dose bivalent or nonavalent vaccination with delayed HPV vaccination. Kenyan women age 15-20 years old are randomized to immediate bivalent HPV and delayed meningococcal vaccine (group 1), immediate nonavalent HPV vaccine and delayed meningococcal vaccine (group 2), or immediate meningococcal vaccine and delayed HPV vaccine (group 3) with 36 months of follow-up. The primary outcome is persistent vaccine-type HPV infection by month 18 and by month 36 for the final durability outcome. The secondary objectives include to: 1) evaluate non-inferiority of antibody titers among girls and adolescents (age 9 to 14 years) from another Tanzanian study, the DoRIS Study (NCT02834637), compared to KEN SHE Study participants; 2) assess the memory B cell immune response at months 36 and 37; and 3) estimate cost-effectiveness using the trial results and health economic models. Discussion: This study will evaluate single-dose HPV vaccine efficacy in Africa and has the potential to guide public health policy and increase HPV vaccine coverage. The secondary aims will assess generalizability of the trial results by evaluating immunobridging from younger ages, durability of the immune response, and the long-term health benefits and cost of single-dose HPV vaccine delivery. Trial registration: NCT03675256

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