scholarly journals The life and scientific heritage of Leonid Sergeyevich Glickman (1929–2000)

2016 ◽  
Vol 320 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Popov ◽  
E.L. Glickman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Shark Teeth ◽  
Elasmobranch Fishes

This paper consists of biographical data for well-known Soviet palaeoichthyologist Leonid S. Glickman (1929–2000). His life is divided into several stages: a childhood and evacuation during WWII (1929–1945), life in Saratov (1945–1950), Leningrad stage (1950–1970), working in the Russian Far East (1970–1982) and his life in Leningrad / Saint Petersburg (1982–2000). The Leningrad stage (1950–1970) was his most productive time in a scientific sense. During that time he carried out extensive field work, laid a basis of the largest collection of fossil shark teeth in the USSR (now deposited in the State Darwin Museum in Moscow) and wrote 60% of his scientific publications including the monograph “Sharks of Paleogene...” (1964a) and a section on Elasmobranchii in the volume of “Fundamentals of Paleontology” (1964b). In total, Glickman had published 42 papers (excepting dissertations, his thesis and an archive report), including two major monographs (1964a, 1980), two collective ones (1964b, 1987) as well as 33 other scientific papers. He had described nine families, 27 genera and more than 50 species and subspecies of elasmobranch fishes (mainly Lamniform sharks) from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic deposits of territory of the former Soviet Union. His large collections and his ability to think innovatively, allowed him to make some radical changes in shark systematics as well as to demonstrate their use in regional and global biostratigraphy. Four genera and four species of fossil sharks and rays as well as one species of Tertiary hamster from the Aral Sea region have been named in his honour.

scholarly journals Snow density climatology across the former USSR

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 3379-3415 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhong ◽  
T. Zhang ◽  
K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Former Ussr

Abstract. Snow density is one of the basic properties used to describe snow cover characteristics, and it is a key factor for retrieving snow depth and snow water equivalent, which are critical for water resources assessment and modeling inputs. In this study, we used long-term data from ground-based measurements to investigate snow density climatology and its spatiotemporal variations across the former Soviet Union (USSR) from 1966 to 2008. The results showed that the long-term monthly mean snow density was approximately 0.194 ± 0.046 g cm−3 over the study area. The maximum and minimum monthly mean snow density was ∼ 0.295 g cm−3 in June, and 0.135 g cm−3 in October, respectively. Maritime snow had the highest monthly mean snow density, while taiga snow had the lowest. The higher values of monthly snow density were mainly located in the European regions of the former USSR, in Arctic Russia, and in some regions of the Russian Far East, and the lower snow density occurred in central Siberia. Significant increasing trends of snow density from September through June of the next year were observed, however, the rate of the increase varied with different snow classes. The long-term (1966–2008) monthly and annual mean snow densities had significant decreasing trends, especially during the autumn months. Spatially, significant positive trends in monthly mean snow density lay in the southwestern areas of the former USSR in November and December and gradually expanded in Russia from February through April. Significant negative trends mainly lay in the European Russia and the southern Russia. Snow density decreased with elevation, at about 0.004 g cm−3 per 100 m increase in elevation. This same relationship existed for all snow classes except for maritime and ephemeral snow.

22. The future of US foreign policy

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatol Lieven
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Far East ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Transatlantic Relationship ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
East Russia

This chapter examines possible futures for American foreign policy in terms of the interests and ideology of the U.S. elites (and to a lesser extent the population at large), the structures of U.S. political life, and the real or perceived national interests of the United States. It first provides an overview of the ideological roots of U.S. foreign policy before discussing key contemporary challenges for U.S. foreign policy. In particular, it considers American relations with China, how to mobilize U.S. military power for foreign policy goals, and the issue of foreign aid. The chapter proceeds by analysing the most important features of America’s future foreign policies, focusing on the Middle East, the Far East, Russia and the former Soviet Union, and Europe and the transatlantic relationship. It concludes by describing some catastrophic scenarios that could accelerate the decline of US power.

Application of the Commercial approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
S. Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
River System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
The World ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
Syr Darya

Chapter 4 provides a few case studies of rivers to illustrate the consequences of the Commercial approach. These rivers are: the Colorado River of the United States; the Murray-Darling river system of Australia; the Amu Darya and Syr Darya of the former Soviet Union; the Nile River of Africa; and the Indus River of South Asia. It shows that in each case, the application of the Commercial approach has led to river fragmentation and excessive withdrawal of water, leading to exhaustion of rivers, which in turn led to salinity intrusion and erosion, subsidence, and desiccation of the deltas. The ecology of the river basins has been damaged, including loss of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. In case of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers, this damage includes the destruction of the Aral Sea, once considered the second-largest inland waterbody of the world. In each case, the Commercial approach has led to conflicts among co-riparian countries.

scholarly journals Burgeoning Sino-Russian Economic Relations and the Russian Far East: Prospects and Challenges

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çağrı Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Western World ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Russian Far East

The colossal economic transformations and political intrusions had been affecting brutally China and the Soviet Union in the final decades of the twentieth century. Currently, Russia is a gigantic power, struggling to rebuild its economic base in an era of globalization. There are a number of significant difficulties of guaranteeing a stable domestic order due to demographic shifts, economic changes, and institutional weaknesses. On the other hand, the economic rise of China has attracted a great deal of attention and labeled as a success story by the Western world. The current growth of the Chinese economy is of immense importance for the global economy. Both nations are part of the world’s largest and fastest-growing emerging markets—member of the BRIC. Their respective GDPs are growing at an impressive rate by any global standards. Relations between China and Russia have evolved dramatically throughout the twentieth century. However, it would be fair to argue that during the past decade China and Russia have made a number of efforts to strengthen bilateral ties and improve cooperation on a number of economic/political/diplomatic fronts. The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation maintain exceptionally close and friendly relations, strong geopolitical and regional cooperation, and significant levels of trade. This paper will explore the burgeoning economic and political relationships between the two nations and place the Russian Far East in the context of Russia's bilateral relations with China in order to examine the political, economic, and security significance of the region for both sides.

scholarly journals A Great Game in Greater Central Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
M. H. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Great Game ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The region historically referred to as Soviet Central Asia includes the 5 Central Asian Republics (CARs) of the Former Soviet Union (FSU): Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Their political status changed drastically when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 and they became independent republics. Since the early 1990s, Central Asian leaders have referred on occasion to neighboring Afghanistan as the sixth CAR. In fact, it does occupy 14% of the Aral Sea Basin and its mountains supply about 15% of streamflow to the region’s mighty Amu Darya River that used to flow into Central Asia’s Aral Sea.

scholarly journals Book Reviews

Sibirica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
Ryan T. Jones ◽  
Anna Bara ◽  
Galina V Grosheva ◽  
Ekaterina Gruzdeva ◽  
Peter Schweitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Park ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
North Texas ◽  
University Of North Texas ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Hunting Culture ◽  
The Russian Far East

A World Trimmed with Fur: Wild Things and the Natural Fringes of Qing Rule Jonathan Schlesinger (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2017), 288 pp. ISBN: 9780804799966Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin’s Soviet Union: New Dimensions of Research Andrej Kotljarchuk and Olle Sundström, eds. (Stockholm: Elanders, 2017), 283 pp., paperback $27.00. ISBN: 978-91-7601-777-7.Kosmologiia i praktika sibirskogo shamanizma Elena V. Nam (Tomsk: Tomskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, 2017), 296 pp. ISBN: 978-5-7511-2521-9.Kul’tura i resursy. Opyt etnologicheskogo obsledovaniia sovremennogo polozheniia narodov Severnogo Sakhalina Dmitrii Funk, ed. (Moscow: “Demos,” 2015), 272 pp. ISBN 978-5-9904710-6-1.Maritime Hunting Culture of Chukotka: Traditions and Modern Practices Igor Krupnik and Rachel Mason, eds. (Anchorage, AK: National Park Service, Shared Beringian Heritage Program, 2016), 343 pp. ISBN: 9780990725251. Litsom k moriu: Pamiati Liudmily Bogoslovskoi Igor Krupnik, ed. (Moscow: Moskva, 2016), 647 pp. ISBN 9785600013650.T-Bone Whacks and Caviar Snacks: Cooking with Two Texans in Siberia and the Russian Far East Sharon Hudgins (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2018), 448 pp. ISBN: 9781574417142.Bij de Joekagieren. Het oudste toendravolk van Noord-Oost Siberië / Life with the Yukaghir: Northeast Siberia’s Oldest Tundra People Cecilia Odé (Lias, Uitgeverij: Verschijningsjass, 2018), 240 pp., €29.95 (paperback). ISBN: 978-90-8803-099-4.

International Labour Office. World Employment Report 1998-99. Employability in the Global Economy: How Training Matters. Geneva: ILO. 248pp.Paperback. Price US$34.95.

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Far East ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies

Statistics reveal that some one billion employable workers are unemployed— almost 33 percent of the total global workforce. Unemployment has therefore come to be a significant political issue in Western Europe, the developing world, and the former ‘tiger’ economies of the Far East and South East Asia. Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, undergoing a process of structural reform, have also significant populations that are in search of employment. The world outlook for employment is therefore very grim. Such high levels of unemployment cause major economic losses not only to national economies but also to the world economy by reducing growth rates, thereby further adding to the problem of unemployment, a vicious cycle indeed. The rise of unemployment levels requires radical new measures that need to be put in place if this problem is to be tackled effectively at the national and international levels.

From the Arctic to Istanbul

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
Mobile Methods ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This chapter provides an overview of the ethnographic research and theoretical foundations informing this study of women’s labor migration from the former Soviet Union into Turkey. Tracing three intertwined themes that animate the book—postsocialism, transnational mobility, and intimacy—the chapter highlights gendered aspiration for mobility and intimate practices like emotional labor forged within forces of global capitalism. The chapter also critically discusses global concerns with trafficking in women, showing how post-Soviet women migrants’ accounts complicate assumptions of oppression. The chapter also presents the context and methods of the research, with an analysis of “mobile” methods and field work with an infant along. The chapter closes with the book’s organizational thread, namely accounts of five key women and their families.

Border Crossing between the Russian Far East and Manchuria

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942110319
Author(s):  
Mark Gamsa
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Control

This article addresses population movements across the Amur and the Ussuri River borders between Russia and China. It analyses the history of border crossing in this region from Russia’s acquisition of the Amur and Maritime provinces from the Qing Empire in 1860 to the present time, with a focus on the 1920s and 1930s. The article’s first part demonstrates that the movement of people (settlers, work migrants, refugees) across the two river borders went in both directions. The second part asks when the formerly porous river borders became sealed through strengthened military control. By analysing the mechanics of border crossing, such as the clandestine passages of Mennonites, a Russian–German Protestant sect, from Soviet territory into Chinese Manchuria over the Amur in 1929 and 1930, as well as the escape stories of other refugees from the Soviet Union, the article shows in its third part that the ‘sealed’ borders could nonetheless be transgressed.

scholarly journals Depopulation of the Russian far East. Magadan Oblast: A Case Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wites
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Magadan Oblast ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Lower Lever ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The Russian Far East

Abstract The paper presents spatial differentiation and causes of depopulation processes that began in Magadan Oblast in the Russian Far East after the fall of the Soviet Union. In the region under investigation, depopulation is very intensive. The analysis of changes in population in the lower-lever administrative units allows for showing the differences in spatial distribution of depopulation in individual regions [“rayons”]. During the research surveys, allowing for a fuller understanding of the conditions and the process of depopulation, were conducted.

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