scholarly journals PROTECTION WITH A BIOACTIVE COMPOSITION BASED ON PLUMBAGIN (CERATOSTIGMA PLUMBAGINOIDES BUNGE) AND NA-ASCORBATE PIGMENTS AND PSII IN OXIDATIVE STRESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
R. Ganiyeva ◽  
S. Dadashova ◽  
J. Jafarova ◽  
R. Gasanov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Delayed Fluorescence ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Donor Side ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Sequential Action ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Acceptor Side ◽  
Corrective Effect

The protective properties of Na-ascorbate and a bioactive composition (BAC) obtained on the basis of plumbagin from roots (Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Bunge) under the toxic effect of Zn2+ and Ni2+ on wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. The change in the characteristics of millisecond delayed fluorescence (msec DF Chl a) reflecting the state of PS II shows a decrease in the blocking of the activity of the electron transport chain (ETC) on the acceptor side under the action of Zn2+ and Ni2+ and on the donor side under the action of Ni2+. The resistance of Chl b 650 decreases and the resistance of carotenoids to this stress increases. The action of Na-asс and BAC changes the ratio of pigments. Na-asc restores the activity of the donor side and increases the work of the acceptor side of the ETC upon sequential action with Zn2+. The activity of the acceptor side of the ETC is restored with the simultaneous action of Na-asc with Ni2+. The effect of the BAC is manifested in the restoration of the activity of the donor side of the ETC PS II with sequential action with metals. The corrective effect of Na-asc and LHC is determined by their ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species formed under stress and to support the redox reactions of photosystems.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Enhancing Resistance to PEG-Induced Water Deficiency is Associated with the Primary Photosynthesis Reaction in Triticum aestivum L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixin Shao ◽  
Huifang Zheng ◽  
Shuangjie Jia ◽  
Yanping Jiang ◽  
Qinghua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Phosphorylation Sites ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Primary Reaction ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphorylated Peptides

Photosynthesis is affected by water-deficiency (WD) stress, and nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical that participates in the photosynthesis process. Previous studies have suggested that NO regulates excitation-energy distribution of photosynthesis under WD stress. Here, quantitative phosphoproteomic profiling was conducted using iTRAQ. Differentially phosphorylated protein species (DEPs) were identified in leaves of NO- or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-treated wheat seedlings (D), and in control seedlings. From 1396 unique phosphoproteins, 2257 unique phosphorylated peptides and 2416 phosphorylation sites were identified. Of these, 96 DEPs displayed significant changes (≥1.50-fold, p < 0.01). These DEPs are involved in photosynthesis, signal transduction, etc. Furthermore, phosphorylation of several DEPs was upregulated by both D and NO treatments, but downregulated only in NO treatment. These differences affected the chlorophyll A–B binding protein, chloroplast post-illumination chlorophyll-fluorescence-increase protein, and SNT7, implying that NO indirectly regulated the absorption and transport of light energy in photosynthesis in response to WD stress. The significant difference of chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl a fluorescence-transient, photosynthesis index, and trapping and transport of light energy further indicated that exogenous NO under D stress enhanced the primary photosynthesis reaction compared to D treatment. A putative pathway is proposed to elucidate NO regulation of the primary reaction of photosynthesis under WD.

scholarly journals Seed Priming with Endophytic Bacillus subtilis Modulates Physiological Responses of Two Different Triticum aestivum L. Cultivars under Drought Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Oksana Lastochkina ◽  
Darya Garshina ◽  
Sergey Ivanov ◽  
Ruslan Yuldashev ◽  
Regina Khafizova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Germination And Growth

The protective effects against drought stress of the endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis 10-4 were measured by studying the priming response in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—Ekada70 (E70) and Salavat Yulaev (SY)—lines, tolerant and susceptible to drought, respectively. B. subtilis 10-4 improved germination and growth parameters under normal conditions in both cultivars with the most pronounced effect observed in cv. E70. Under drought conditions, B. subtilis 10-4 significantly ameliorated the negative impact of stress on germination and growth of cv. E70, but had no protective effect on cv. SY. B. subtilis 10-4 induced an increase in the levels of photosynthetic chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids (Car) in the leaves of cv. E70, both under normal and drought conditions. In cv. SY plants, bacterial inoculation decreased the contents of Chl a, Chl b, and Car under normal conditions, but pigment content were almost recovered under drought stress. B. subtilis 10-4 increased water holding capacity (WHC) of cv. E70 (but did not affect this parameter in cv. SY) and prevented the stress-induced decline in WHC in both cultivars. Notably, B. subtilis 10-4 increased endogenous salicylic acid (SA) concentration in both cultivars, especially in cv. E70. Moreover, B. subtilis 10-4 reduced drought-induced endogenous SA accumulation, which was correlated with the influence of endophyte on growth, indicating a possible involvement of endogenous SA in the implementation of B. subtilis-mediated effects in both cultivars. Overall, B. subtilis 10-4 inoculation was found to increase drought tolerance in seedlings of both cultivars, as evidenced by decreased lipid peroxidation, proline content, and electrolyte leakage from tissues of wheat seedlings primed with B. subtilis 10-4 under drought conditions.

scholarly journals The effect of nanoparticles of biogenic metal oxides on seed germination capability, photosynthetic pigment content, activities of PS II and superoxide dismutase in wheat seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
F. I. Gasimova ◽  
M. A. Khanishova ◽  
K. R. Taghiyeva ◽  
I. V. Azizov
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment Content ◽  
Enzyme Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Aim. The effect of nanoparticles of copper, titanium, iron and aluminum oxides on the germination energy, germination capability, growth and development, the content of photosynthetic pigments, the activity of photosystems and superoxide dismutase of wheat seedlings was studied. Methods. The objects of the research were bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) seedlings. The seeds of the experimental plants were treated with powders of nanoparticles of СuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, Al2O3, and TiO2, then sown in Petri dishes and in the pots with soil. Results. Nanoparticles were found to express various effects: СuO, and Al2O3 decreased the growth of seedlings, whereas TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 accelerating the growth of seedlings had a positive effect on the activities of PSII and superoxide dismutase. Conclusions. Nanoparticles of TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 had a positive effect on seed germination and accelerated the growth of wheat seedlings. Nanoparticles of ZnO and Fe2O3 also positively influenced on the activity of PS II, and the activity of the antioxidant enzyme-superoxide dismutase also increased. Keywords: wheat, nanoparticles, germination, growth of seedlings, PS II, superoxide dismutase.

On the Requirement of Bound Bicarbonate for Photosystem II Activity

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
C. Xu ◽  
J. J. S. van Rensen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Donor Side ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Acceptor Side ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyser ◽  
Photosystem Ii Activity

Abstract In photosystem II of plants and cyanobacteria, but not in reaction centers of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, formate is known to inhibit electron flow which is reversed fully upon bicarbonate addition. At issue has been an old controversy whether this effect is on the acceptor or the donor side of photosystem II (PS II). We present here data on chloroplast thylakoids for donor side effects, that is accompanied by acceptor side effects, from measurements on chlorophyll a fluorescence yield changes after light flashes 1-6. Further, sensitive differential infrared gas analyser measurements show that bicarbonate is indeed bound in both maize and pea thylakoid suspensions depleted of CO2 without any inhibitor; here, high rates of electron flow are associated with the presence of a maximum of 0.8 to 1.25 (corrected for residual activity) CO2 per photosystem II reaction center. It is suggested that bicarbonate bound to the acceptor side is required for photosystem II activity , both on the acceptor and the donor sides in the same experiment and in the same sample.

scholarly journals MS-delayed light emission (MS-dle) of chlorophyll as an indicator of temperature stress action on photosystem II (PS II)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Ali Bashirzadeh ◽  
Zaman Mahmudov ◽  
Ralphreed Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Delayed Fluorescence ◽  
High Light ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Acceptor Site ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Ps Ii

Action sites of low positive temperature together with high light intensities in electron transport reactions of photosystem II (PSII) evaluated by ms range delayed fluorescence (ms-DLE) of chlorophyll a content in the maize and barley seedlings are presented. The main targets for these stress factors action were shown to be Yz and Mn4OxCa-cluster on the donor site of PSII in the case of simultaneous action of different temperatures and high light illumination and between QA and QB on the acceptor site of PSII in the case of low positive temperature influence only.

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on localization of ABA, AZP, and dehydrins in wheat plant roots during dehydration

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
A.R. Lubyanova ◽  
F.M. Shakirova ◽  
M.V. Bezrukova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Apoplastic Barrier ◽  
Protective Proteins

We studied the immunohistochemical localization of abscisic acid (ABA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and dehydrins in the roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) during 24-epibrassinolide-pretreatment (EB-pretreatment) and PEG-induced dehydration. It was found coimmunolocalization of ABA, WGA and dehydrins in the cells of central cylinder of basal part untreated and EB-pretreated roots of wheat seedlings under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Such mutual localization ABA and protective proteins, WGA and dehydrins, indicates the possible effect of their distribution in the tissues of EB-pretreated wheat roots during dehydration on the apoplastic barrier functioning, which apparently contributes to decrease the water loss under dehydration. Perhaps, the significant localization of ABA and wheat lectin in the metaxylem region enhances EB-induced transport of ABA and WGA from roots to shoots under stress. It can be assumed that brassinosteroids can serve as intermediates in the realization of the protective effect of WGA and wheat dehydrins during water deficit.

scholarly journals Remodeling of root morphology by CuO and ZnO nanoparticles: effects on drought tolerance for plants colonized by a beneficial pseudomonad

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Yeol Yang ◽  
Stephanie Doxey ◽  
Joan E. McLean ◽  
David Britt ◽  
Andre Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Cuo Nps ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Induced Tolerance

Formulations that include nanoparticles of CuO and ZnO are being considered for agricultural applications as fertilizers because they act as sources of Cu or Zn. Currently, few studies of the effects of these nanoparticles (NPs) consider the three-way interactions of NPs with the plant plus its microbiome. At doses that produced root shortening by both nanoparticles (NPs), CuO NPs induced the proliferation of elongated root hairs close to the root tip, and ZnO NPs increased lateral root formation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). These responses occurred with roots colonized by a beneficial bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6), originally isolated from roots of wheat grown under dryland farming in calcareous soils. The PcO6-induced tolerance to drought stress in wheat seedlings was not impaired by the NPs. Rather, growth of the PcO6-colonized plants with NPs resulted in systemic increases in the expression of genes associated with tolerance to water stress. Increased expression in the shoots of other genes related to metal stress was consistent with higher levels of Cu and Zn in PcO6-colonized shoots grown with the NPs. This work demonstrates that plants grown with CuO or ZnO NPs showed cross-protection from different challenges such as metal stress and drought.

scholarly journals Enhancement of drought tolerance in Triticum aestivum L. seedlings using Azospirillum brasilense NO40 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia B11

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wedad A. Kasim ◽  
Mohamed E. H. Osman ◽  
Mohamed N. Omar ◽  
Samar Salama
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Enhanced Production

Abstract Background The effectiveness of two PGPB; Azospirillum brasilense NO40 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia B11 was investigated in enhancing the drought tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings cultivar Gemiza9. The inoculated or uninoculated grains were sown in unsterilized sandy soil and watered normally untill the 8th day. Drought stress was initiated by completely withholding water for 7 days (until wilting). Samples were collected after 15 days from sowing to evaluate some growth criteria, damage and defense indicators and to analyze the roots’ protein pattern. Results The results showed that inoculating wheat seedlings with these strains significantly diminished the inhibitory effects of drought stress on the relative water content of roots, shoots and leaves; area of leaves; contents of pigments (chlorophyll a and b) and ascorbic acid; and on the protein patterns of roots. Moreover, the bacterial inoculation notably reduced the drought-induced damage indicated by lower leakage of electrolytes and less accumulation of Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, surprisingly with less enhanced production of proline and activities of catalase and peroxidase than their uninoculated counterparts. Under normal conditions, inoculating wheat plants with these PGPB resulted in significantly promoted growth and elevated contents of pigments and altered protein patterns of roots. Conclusion Overall, we can say that both Azospirillum brasilense NO40 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia B11 were able to deactivate the growth inhibition in wheat seedlings to some extent, while maintaining a certain level of efficient protection against damage under drought stress.

COLD HARDENING AND DEHARDENING RESPONSES IN WINTER WHEAT AND WINTER BARLEY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. POMEROY ◽  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
G. FEDAK
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Time Required

Increasing the duration of freezing of Kharkov winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) demonstrated that severe injury does not occur to plants at a freezing temperature (−6 C) well above the lethal temperature for at least 5 days, but progressively more damage occurs as the temperature approaches the killing point (−20 C). High levels of cold hardiness can be induced rapidly in Kharkov winter wheat if seedlings are grown for 4–6 days at 15 C day/10 C night, prior to being exposed to hardening conditions including diurnal freezing to −2 C. The cold hardiness of Kharkov and Rideau winter wheat seedlings grown from 1-yr-old seed was greater than that from 5-yr-old seed. Cold-acclimated Kharkov winter wheat and Dover winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) demonstrated the capacity to reharden after varying periods under dehardening conditions. The time required to reharden and the maximum level of hardiness attained by the plants was dependent on the amount of dehardening. Considerable rehardening was observed even when both dehardening and rehardening were carried out in the dark.

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