scholarly journals Ecological state of colon cavitary microbiota in patients with chronic course of viral hepatitis c

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
L. I. Sydorchuk ◽  
D. V. Rotar ◽  
A. S. Sydorchuk ◽  
S. E. Dejneka ◽  
I. Y. Sydorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Chronic Course

The article presents results of microbiological examination of 72 samples of colon contents of patients with chronic hepatitis C (control group is consisted of 87 samples of colon contents of the healthy people) and studied ecological changes in taxonomic composition of the investigated biotope. It has been established that patients with chronic hepatitis C form a tendency to elimination of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli from colon cavity (decrease in the index of constancy on 9.94 % and frequency of occurrence on 57.14 %), as well as Eubacteria (on 3,88 % and by 2 times, respectively) and an increase in the persistence of Peptostreptococci, Clostridia, Proteus, Staphylococci and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, which creates conditions for contamination and persistence in the investigated biotope of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic Enterobacteria (EPEC, E. coli Hly+, E. coli Lac-, Cytrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia), Peptococcus.

scholarly journals Ecological state of colon cavitary microbiota in patients with chronic course of viral hepatitis c

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
L. I. Sydorchuk ◽  
D. V. Rotar ◽  
A. S. Sydorchuk ◽  
S. E. Dejneka ◽  
I. Y. Sydorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Chronic Course

The article presents results of microbiological examination of 72 samples of colon contents of patients with chronic hepatitis C (control group is consisted of 87 samples of colon contents of the healthy people) and studied ecological changes in taxonomic composition of the investigated biotope. It has been established that patients with chronic hepatitis C form a tendency to elimination of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli from colon cavity (decrease in the index of constancy on 9.94 % and frequency of occurrence on 57.14 %), as well as Eubacteria (on 3,88 % and by 2 times, respectively) and an increase in the persistence of Peptostreptococci, Clostridia, Proteus, Staphylococci and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, which creates conditions for contamination and persistence in the investigated biotope of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic Enterobacteria (EPEC, E. coli Hly+, E. coli Lac-, Cytrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia), Peptococcus.

scholarly journals Modern clinical laboratory aspects of chronic hepatitis C

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
O. N. Sumlivaia ◽  
M. S. Nevzorova ◽  
A. T. Sayfitova ◽  
S. A. Vysotin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C

Aim. Assess the current diagnostic value of clinical laboratory markers of liver damage in chronic viral hepatitis C. Materials and methods. Comprehensive clinical examination of 194 patients with the diagnosis chronic hepatitis C and 73 almost healthy faces was conducted. Results. According to the clinical examination, 91% of patients have hepatomegaly. According to the results of elastography, the subgroup without fibrosis F0 49 (25%) people, with fibrosis of stages F1-F3-145 (75%) patients. The occurrence of HCV genotypes was: HCV-1-33%, HCV-2-12% and HCV-3-55%. The virusemia indicator showed large variations of values. During the research it was established that indirect indicators of a fibrosis of a liver: levels of AST and ALT, GGTP, a direct and general bilirubin, the APRI index are authentically exceeded by indexes of control group while the level of thrombocytes and de Ritis’s coefficient authentically decrease. Conclusions. The current course of chronic hepatitis C occurs with hepatomegalia, often associated with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular damage. The most common virus among patients is the HVC-3 genotype virus. When examining indirect markers of fibrosis in viral hepatitis C, the APRI test is an early predictor and has high predictive value. Platelet levels decrease with viral liver damage. As a consequence, the APRI index increases and the de Ritis ratio decreases.

scholarly journals Intrahepatic TLR3 and IFNL3 Expressions Are Associated with Stages of Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Keyla Santos Guedes de Sá ◽  
Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras ◽  
Simone Regina Souza da Silva Conde ◽  
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz ◽  
Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres-Vallinoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Chronic Hcv

An inefficient immune response against the hepatitis C virus (HCV), combined with viral evasion mechanisms, is responsible for the chronicity of infection. The need to evaluate the innate mechanisms of the immune response, such as TLR3 and IFN-λ3, and their relationship with the virus–host interaction is important for understanding the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C. The present study aimed to investigate the gene expressions of TRL3 and IFNL3 in liver tissue, seeking to evaluate whether these could be potential biomarkers of HCV infection. A total of 23 liver biopsy samples were collected from patients with chronic HCV, and 8 biopsies were collected from healthy control patients. RNA extraction, reverse transcription and qPCR were performed to quantify the relative gene expressions of TLR3 and IFNL3. Data on the viral load; AST, ALT, GGT and AFP levels; and the viral genotype were collected from the patients′ medical records. The intrahepatic expression of TLR3 (p = 0.0326) was higher in chronic HCV carriers than in the control group, and the expression of IFNL3 (p = 0.0037) was lower in chronic HCV carriers than in the healthy control group. The expression levels of TLR3 (p = 0.0030) and IFNL3 (p = 0.0036) were higher in the early stages of fibrosis and of necroinflammatory activity in the liver; in contrast, TLR3 and IFNL3 expressions were lower in the more advanced stages of fibrosis and inflammation. There was no correlation between the gene expression and the serum viral load. Regarding the initial METAVIR scale scores, liver transaminase levels were lower in patients with advanced fibrosis when correlated with TLR3 and IFNL3 gene expressions. The results suggest that in the early stages of the development of hepatic fibrosis, TLR3 and IFN-λ3 play important roles in the antiviral response and in the modulation of the tolerogenic liver environment because there is a decrease in the intrahepatic expressions of TLR3 and IFNL3 in the advanced stages of fibrosis, probably due to viral evasion mechanisms.

scholarly journals Cytokine profile during occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Rodrigues de Almeida Ribeiro ◽  
Nathalia Alves Araújo de Almeida ◽  
Katrini Guidolini Martinelli ◽  
Marcia Amendola Pires ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Brandao Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of acute, chronic and occult hepatitis (OBI) representing a serious public health threat. Cytokines are known to be important chemical mediators that regulate the differentiation, proliferation and function of immune cells. Accumulating evidence indicate that the inadequate immune responses are responsible for HBV persistency. The aim of this study were to investigate the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A in patients with OBI and verify if there is an association between the levels of these cytokines with the determination of clinical courses during HBV occult infection. Methods 114 patients with chronic hepatitis C were investigated through serological and molecular tests, the OBI coinfected patients were subjected to the test for cytokines using the commercial human CBA kit. As controls, ten healthy donors with no history of liver disease and 10 chronic HBV monoinfected patients of similar age to OBI patients were selected. Results Among 114 HCV patients investigated, 11 individuals had occult hepatitis B. The levels of cytokines were heterogeneous between the groups, most of the cytokines showed higher levels of production detection among OBI/HCV individuals when compared to control group and HBV monoinfected pacients. We found a high level of IL-17A in the HBV monoinfected group, high levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-2 in OBI/HCV patients. Conclusion These cytokines could be involved in the persistence of HBV DNA in hepatocytes triggers a constant immune response, inducing continuous liver inflammation, which can accelerate liver damage and favor the development of liver cirrhosis in other chronic liver diseases.

scholarly journals Solanum Fruit Juice as a Natural and Sustainable Source of Antioxidants for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C under Antiviral Therapy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidiebere Uchenna Iheka ◽  
Justice Obinna Osuoha ◽  
Idongesit Ekong Archibong ◽  
Peter Uchenna Amadi ◽  
Oluwatoyin Taiwo Adeoti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Atherogenic Indices

Variations in liver metabolism as a result of hepatitis C virus have been established by numerous clinical trials. The use of antioxidants supplements has been reported to minimize the implication of this disease. In this regard, we examined the suitability of Solanum fruit juice, a natural source of vitamin C and citrus flavoniod as a precursor for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Forty adult patients who were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C and were under antiviral therapy were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 patients received their antiviral therapy with normal food and water and served as the control group while patients in group 2 were supplemented with Solanum fruit juice for eight consecutive weeks. Measurements for Anthropometric data, C reactive protein (CRP), atherogenic indices, biochemical parameters and activities of liver marker enzymes were recorded before and after eight weeks. No alterations were found in waist circumference, body mass and body fat following regular use of Solanum fruit juice. The serum levels of oxidative stress markers, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, CRP and atherogenic indices decreased in the Solanum fruit juice group when compared to the control group. Moreover, the activities of the liver marker enzyme AST decreased in those who had high levels before the intervention. These results underscore the benefits of Solanum fruit juice in the diet of patients with HCV as a result of decreased cholesterol in blood serum, decreased inflammation, and increase in antioxidant capacity as well as maintaining body mass index. This clinical trial is registered at Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org) with unique identification number PACTR201802003092138.

scholarly journals Histopathological and immunocytochemical changes in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Maja Jovanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Konstantinovic ◽  
Vuka Katic ◽  
Slavisa Ciric ◽  
Velimir Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Viremia Level ◽  
Chronic Active Viral Hepatitis

Background. The presence of lymphocytes within the liver parenchyma is related to immunologically mediated liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. The aim of the study was to make histological, histochemical, and immunocytochemical assessment of liver biopsy specimens in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods. Biopsy specimens of 20 patients with chronic HCV disease were analyzed, using standard staining procedures to verify histologic liver lesions, as well as immunoenzymatic staining with monoclonal antibodies to detect CD4+ T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages. Results. Micromorphologic characteristics of chronic active viral hepatitis C were present in all the patients, differing, hower, by the level of their activity. Dominant changes were found within the portal space, consisting of mononuclear lympho-plasmocytic infiltration and macrophages. Immunocytochemical investigation of mononuclear and macrophageal infiltration showed the correlation between micromorphological findings and the degree of the activity. Conclusion. The presence of lymphocytic and macrophageal infiltration within the hepatic tissue directly correlated with the intensity of the liver damage. Analysis of the population of cellular infiltrate in the liver together with the monitoring of viremia level and the level of hepatocyte necrosis, could be useful tools for elucidation of the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C.

scholarly journals Significance of iron reduction for the therapy of chronic hepatitis C

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Nozic ◽  
Bela Balint ◽  
Nebojsa Stankovic ◽  
Jovan Dimitrijevic ◽  
Gorana Neskovic
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C ◽  
Iron Deposits

Background. It has been established that many patients with chronic hepatitis C have elevated serum iron, feritin levels and iron deposits in the liver. Therefore, the liver damage due to hepatitis C virus may be aggravated with iron overload. In many studies higher levels of iron in the blood and the liver were connected with the decreased response to interferon-alfa therapy for chronic viral hepatitis C. Recent introduction of pegylated interferons plus ribavirin has improved the therapeutic response, so it is now possible to cure more than 50% of the patients. Case report. Three patients with chronic hepatitis C and iron overload were presented. Iron reduction therapy using phlebotomy or eritrocytapheresis with plasmapheresis was done at different times in regard to specific antiviral therapy or as a sole therapy. Conclusion. It has been shown that iron reduction, sole or combined with antiviral therapy, led to the deacreased aminotransferase serum activity and might have slow down the evolution of chronic hepatitis C viral infection.

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis C and severe interferon system suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Zh.B. Ponezheva ◽  
◽  
I.V. Mannanova ◽  
V.V. Makashova ◽  
A.A. Erovichenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Grade 3

Objective. To identify specific clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and severe interferon (IFN) system suppression. Patients and methods. This study was conducted at the Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing. We enrolled and examined 76 patients with confirmed CHC aged 18 to 80 years who had been followed up for at least 3 years. We analyzed the level of IFN-producing T-lymphocytes, IFN status, serum levels of IFN-α, -γ and -λ depending on viral and biochemical activity, and genotype. In addition to that, we evaluated the association between the IFN system parameters and age, duration of infection, genotype, viral load, and stage of liver fibrosis. The control group comprised 30 healthy individuals who had no complaints and no clinical or laboratory changes at the time of examination. Results. We identified 3 grades of IFN system suppression: grade 1–moderate (in 21% of patients), grade 2–mild (inadequate) (in 47% of patients), and grade 3–severe (in 32% of patients). We analyzed clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with grade 3 IFN system suppression and evaluated the IFN system depending on age, duration of infection, genotype, viral and biochemical activity. We found that severe IFN system suppression correlated with duration of infection, stage of liver fibrosis with a tendency to increased levels of T-lymphocytes expressing receptors for IFN-α and IFN-γ (CD118+, CD119+). Key words: chronic hepatitis C, genotype, interferon status

scholarly journals Restoring Inflammatory Mediator Balance after Sofosbuvir-Induced Viral Clearance in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geórgia Nascimento Saraiva ◽  
Natalia Fonseca do Rosário ◽  
Thalia Medeiros ◽  
Paulo Emílio Côrrea Leite ◽  
Gilmar de Souza Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Sustained Virological Response Rate ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Viral Control ◽  
Immune Biomarkers

This study aimed at analyzing circulating levels of inflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection undergoing therapy with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) and correlating these immune biomarkers with liver disease status. We studied 88 Brazilian monoinfected chronic hepatitis C patients receiving interferon- (IFN-) free sofosbuvir-based regimens for 12 or 24 weeks, followed-up before therapy initiation and three months after the end of treatment. Liver disease was determined by transient elastography, in addition to APRI and FIB-4 indexes. Analysis of 30 immune mediators was carried out by multiplex or enzymatic immunoassays. Sustained virological response rate was 98.9%. Serum levels of cytokines were increased in HCV-infected patients when compared to control group. CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, IL-1β, IL-15, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, FGFb, and PAI-1 decreased significantly after antiviral therapy, reaching values similar to noninfected controls. TGF-βand suPAR levels were associated with fibrosis/cirrhosis. Also, we observed amelioration in hepatic parameters after DAA treatment. Together, our results suggest that viral control induced by IFN-free DAA therapy restores inflammatory mediators in association with improvement in liver function.

scholarly journals Bacterial overgrowth syndrome in adolescents with Сhronic viral hepatitis C

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
N. D. Venclovaite ◽  
L. G. Goryacheva ◽  
V. A. Greshnyakova ◽  
N. A. Efremova ◽  
I. V. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Cytolytic Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Breath Test ◽  
Overgrowth Syndrome ◽  
Viral Hepatitis C

There is a close relationship between intestine and liver, so-called ‘gut liver’ axis, especially in patients suffered from chronic liver diseases with significant degree of fibrosis. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and disturbance in the microbiota composition lead to an increase in the permeability of the intestinal epithelium, the development of endotoxinemia, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and, as a consequence, an additional damage to hepatocytes.Objective. To estimate the incidence of bacterial overgrowth syndrome (BOS) in the small intestine in adolescents with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), to identify the interaction between this syndrome and cytolytic activity, the degree of fibrosis.Materials and methods. There is a group of 33 patients aged 12—17 years old with CHC. All children underwent a hydrogen breath test with lactulose. The degree of fibrosis was assessed by the results of liver elastography (Fibroscan), cytolytic activity was determined by the level of alanine transaminase in serum.Results. The frequency of BOS was 81.8% in the study group. As a result of the correlation analysis, no relationship was found between the development of BOS and the degree of cytolytic activity of chronic hepatitis C (criterion χ2= 0.914, p > 0.05). Also, there was no correlation between excessive bacterial contamination and the degree of fibrosis in the liver tissue (criterion χ2= 0.914,p> 0.05).Conclusion. BOS in children with CHC occurs much more often than in adults. However, no relationship was found between this syndrome and the severity of cytolytic activity, the degree of fibrotic changes in the liver.

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