scholarly journals Representing the Republic in Seventeenth-Century Venice

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Martina Frank
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church ◽  
Supreme Commander

Allegorical representations and personifications of Venice, designed to perpetuate and update the myth of Venice, occupy a prominent place in seventeenth-century publishing. Editorial vignettes, frontispieces and engravings promote an image of the Republic anchored in the tradition and myth of the foundation of the city, but attentive to the evolution of the historical situation. As in the past, this image is polysemic and combines mainly the figures of Justice and the Virgin. A new dimension opens up in the context of the wars against the Ottoman Empire that occupy the second half of the century. A particularly significant example to document this historical evolution is the church of Santa Maria della Salute which, born as a votive Marian temple during the plague of 1630, is transformed into a monument dedicated to the war. On the lantern of the church’s dome, the figure of the Virgin takes on the appearance of a supreme commander of the navy.

General Synod of the Church of Ireland

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Michael Davey
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Past ◽  
Church Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Defined Contributions ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

This year's General Synod, the first meeting of the triennium, was held in the now familiar surroundings of the City Hotel, Armagh. Over the past few years there has been a heavy emphasis on finance in the legislative programme, principally with regard to pensions. This year there was one Pensions Bill. It merely formalised the arrangements governing the separate Defined Contributions Schemes that have operated for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland since 2013. The Bill duly passed.

scholarly journals Bitola – from Eyalet capital to regional centre in the Republic of Macedonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Nikola V. Dimitrov ◽  
Blagoja Markoski ◽  
Ivan Radevski ◽  
Vladimir Zlatanoski
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Past ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Abstract In the past nine hundred years Bitola has undergone a string of administrative and political rises and falls. In the course of the 16th century the city grew to have a very large population and become a huge economic and geopolitical centre of the large province of Rumelia in the Ottoman Empire. However, as a result of some overwhelming political and military events that played out during the 20th century (the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the Balkan wars, WW1, WW2 and other economic, political, technical and technological developments that occurred in the world and in the country) Bitola was reduced to a mere local city in economic, geopolitical and population terms. The immediate economic and population expansion of Bitola is presented through an exact numeric and cartographic overview of spatial-temporal changes in the city’s development in the past two centuries. For the purposes of rendering a more accurate image, we have compared Bitola’s population, administrative and geopolitical role with a number of major Balkan cities.

scholarly journals Pollution of urbanized territories by motor transport using the example of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alani

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 07024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Zaalishvili ◽  
Aleksandr Kanukov ◽  
Ketevan Korbesova
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Products ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Health Deterioration ◽  
North Ossetia ◽  
Stationary Sources

According to numerous studies, even with a relatively low level of exposure to adverse environmental factors, risk of health deterioration may occur. Both the amount of harmful emissions and their chemical composition directly affect the level of air pollution. The article considers the issues of environmental pollution of an urbanized area by automobile exhausts. The most polluted city is Vladikavkaz that is the capital of the Republic. There the main stationary sources of pollution are located and the largest number of vehicles is concentrated. The dynamics of increasing the number of vehicles in the city of Vladikavkaz over the past 10 years and a corresponding increase in harmful emissions from combustion products are shown. For the same period of time, the amount of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere from stationary sources has been considered in order to compare their contribution to total pollution compared to road transport. Based on the explorations, it is shown that the main source of pollution in terms of emissions in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is road transport. The number of vehicles is increasing year after year, amid a decrease in total emissions of pollutants from stationary sources.

VI.—On the Destroyed Church of St. Michael Wood Street, in the City of London, with some Notes on the Church of St. Michael Bassishaw

Archaeologia ◽  
1902 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-216
Author(s):  
Philip Norman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
The Past ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Christopher Wren ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
The Church

From the artistic and antiquarian points of view, the systematic destruction of our old City churches under the Union of Benefices Act is greatly to be deplored. Under this Act the churches designed by Sir Christopher Wren have especially suffered; and here I will venture to say a few words on that famous architect and his work. A dire catastrophe sometimes calls forth the energies of the master mind that can grapple with it; this was the case, when, after the Great Fire of 1666, by which eighty-six parish churches were destroyed or severely injured, Wren at that time, hardly a professional architect, turned his attention to the City. He first produced a plan for general rebuilding, which would have given free scope to his genius, although at the same time destroying many links with the past. The chief public buildings were to have been grouped round the Royal Exchange, which would have formed an important centre; St. Paul's Cathedral being approached from the east by two broad converging streets. A river quay, in part adorned by the City Halls, would have extended from Black-friars to the Tower of London; while the churches, greatly reduced in number, were to occupy commanding and isolated sites, their burial grounds being outside the City. For reasons which it is here not necessary to discuss, this proposal was not accepted; and so the City grew again, more or less on its old irregular lines. To Wren, however, was assigned the task of rebuilding or repairing not only St. Paul's Cathedral, but, if we include St. Mary Woolnoth and St. Sepulchre, both only repaired, no fewer than fifty-two other churches, The remainder were not rebuilt, their parishes being united -with adjoining parishes which continued to possess churches. The ancient burial grounds were, to a great extent, retained, and burials continued in them until after the middle of the nineteenth century.

An Inventory of Choirbooks At S. Maria Maggiore, Bergamo, January 1628

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Jerome Roche
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

Santa Maria Maggiore at Bergamo was one of the principal churches at which music was made in early seventeenth-century northern Italy. It had built up a considerable reputation in the sixteenth century which was continued into the next under a succession of prominent musicians, the most important of whom was Alessandro Grandi. He occupied the post of maestro from 1627 to 1630, and, as with every newly appointed choirmaster, the choir's accumulated repertory was formally consigned to him. The documents of consignment are preserved in a volume marked Inventarium (LXXIX-1) in the archives of the Misericordia Maggiore, which ran the church. I now print below the inventory that Grandi signed in 1628 – the first one of the seventeenth century; it is on ff. 129v-130 of the Inventarium. I have set it out unedited in the layout in which it appears there.

scholarly journals El refugio cultural festival, graffiti and urban art in the historic centre of puebla in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Gustavo Valencia Jiménez ◽  
Adriana Hernández Sánchez ◽  
Christian Enrique De La Torre Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Urban Art ◽  
Historic Centre ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

The city of Puebla was put on the UNESCO list of Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 1987; its history dates back to the sixteenth century allowing for the preservation of various important buildings, such as churches with baroque and neoclassical facades, buildings from the period known as Novo Hispanics, when some of its historic neighbourhoods were founded, including the Barrio el Refugio, hereinafter referred to as BR, where indigenous people employed in the lime manufacture used to live. Since those times, however, the neighbourhood has become a place with bad reputation, “a den of thieves” (Leicht). The traditional, religious commemoration, the “Fiesta Patronal de la Virgen del Refugio,” is the most important celebration in the neighbourhood. In the Church of La Virgen del Refugio, built in the seventeenth century after an inhabitant painted a mural with the image of the virgin, the “mañanitas” are sung with the Mariachi. During the patronal feast, the “El Refugio Cultural Festival” is held with more than a hundred artists taking part and creating about a thousand murals according to the organiser’s estimation. This happens in the city where a project “Puebla Ciudad Mural” was started, as an initiative of the “Colectivo Tomate,” which sought to regenerate the neighbourhood through art, in alliance with the government and private companies. However, these policies are more tourist oriented rather than benefit the neighbourhood. For this reason, the graffiti movement “Festival Cultural el Refugio” is becoming a meeting point for urban artists from Mexico and Puebla, accustomed to taking up public or private space, as they demand space where they can live and express themselves. For ten years the festival has realised more than one thousand pieces of urban art, including Wild Style graffiti, bombs, stickers, stencil, and murals. All this is done under the patronage of the artists themselves, as three hundred of them come from all over the country to take part in every edition of the festival that does not receive any government support or other form of sponsorship.

An Intellectual Portrait of Pope John Paul II

Worldview ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
George Huntston Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
The Past ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
Lay Women ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Patron Saints ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church ◽  
First Words

Appearing on the balcony of St. Peter's, his first words as supreme pontiff were: “May Jesus Christ be praised!” At the close of the installation eucharist John Paul II lifted high the papal crozier, redesigned by Pope Paul as a staff surmounted by the crucified Christ. In all his utterances to date the new pope has emphasized Christ as the hope of the world but has also lifted up the mankind Christ came to save. He has illuminated the variousness of this mankind, from the individual in all his loneliness, even his alienation, to persons in collectivities of family, class, race, and nation. He has described many Christians too as people often filled with doubt about their ultimate meaning to themselves or for others, both on the level of social relations of all kinds and in the redemptive community of the Church. John Paul closed his installation homily: “I appeal to all men—to every man (and with what veneration the apostle of Christ must utter this word, ‘man’)—pray for me.“Some days later John Paul visited Santa Maria Sopra Minerva and declared that he dedicated his pontificate to the Dominican tertiary St. Catherine of Siena (d. 1380). This was one further gesture of his identification with the Italian people as their national primate, for St. Catherine and St. Francis of Assisi are the two patron saints of Italy. But he was also signaling his intention, in his choice of a lay woman, a reformer, a crusader, a mystic, and a doctor of the Church (so proclaimed in 1970), to assign high positions of decisionmaking to lay women and to female religious of all orders in recognition of the prominent role women have played in the past and of the much greater role, short of the priesthood, they would be playing under his pontificate.

Santa Maria della Purificazione: the First Capuchin Church in the Black Sea Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Vanessa R. de Obaldía
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria

Abstract Santa Maria della Purificazione was the first Latin Catholic church built by the Friars Minor Capuchin in the Black Sea region during the post-Tanzimat period. It was an example of the order settlement after it sought refuge in the region due to its expulsion from Russian Georgia, where it was based since the mid-seventeenth century. Furthermore, this study analyzes the history of Capuchins at the time of their arrival in Trabzon in 1845, with the establishment of their church, friary, school, and cemetery, the latter intended to meet the needs of the local and foreign Latin Catholic residents of the city. The topic is also historically dealt with in terms of demography and urban planning. All these aspects are examined in the wider context of the legal impact of the Tanzimat on church building.

The Finances of the English Province of the Society of Jesus in the Seventeenth Century: Introduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. McCoog
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Church ◽  
Difficult Subject

CHRISTOPHER HILL'SEconomic Problems of the Church from Archbishop Whitgift to the Long parliament’has long been the standard work on the financial composition of the post-Reformation English church. Over the past fifteen years, however, historians have taken a second look at the material covered by Hill and have begun to formulate new questions about it. Historians such as Felicity Heal and Rosemary O'Day have led new investigations into the economic conditions of the English church. Despite this renewed interest, no one has tackled the more difficult subject of recusant finances. Here is a world hidden behind aliases and secret trusts and one that remains almost totally unexplored. In a series of articles to appear in this journal, I shall venture ‘where angels fear to tread’ and attempt to make sense out of the complicated and confusing records of Jesuit financial activity. This article, which will serve as an introduction to the series, will be concerned with the constitutional development of the Society of Jesus, the spiritual exhortations to poverty as an evangelical counsel and a religious vow, and the legal entanglements of the penal laws in England. It is essential to remember that, first and foremost, the English Jesuits were religious bound by vows, specifically the vow of poverty. All financial activities and investments were restricted by that vow as it was then understood throughout the Society. Future articles will examine the income and the investments of the early Jesuit mission and its eventual subdivision into colleges and residences.

scholarly journals New insights into the composition of historical remedies and pharmaceutical formulations: the identification of natural resins and balsams by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Caterina Izzo ◽  
Giulia Carolina Lodi ◽  
Maria Luisa Vázquez de Ágredos Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Resins ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

AbstractThe present paper reports one of the first studies on the identification of natural resins and balsams in modern era drug formulations. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to investigate the composition of ancient remedies and pharmaceutical formulations coming from the Spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala in Rome, founded at the end of the seventeenth century by the Discalced Carmelites. The obtained results highlight the presence of complex mixtures containing resinaceous and lipidic-based compounds. Thanks to the detection of characteristic markers, it was possible to identify several natural resins, such as guaiacum resin, ladano resin and scammony resin. Balsamic and aromatic compounds characteristic of essential oils were identified as well. In addition, an anti-inflammatory ointment, composed by mixing Venetian turpentine, a Pinaceae resin and a triterpene resin exudate of a plant from South America, was found among the analysed formulations. Combining the analytical results, the historical research and the botanical composition, it was possible to formulate compositional hypotheses of this historical medicine and provided some indications about their use in health. The study of historical drugs is not only important to know the practices handed down by apothecaries in the past, but also fundamental to reconstruct historical recipes that can inspire new dermatological, cosmetic, hygienic and current curative products.

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