Green or Brown? Environmental Attitudes and Governance in Greater China

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Chinese View

China is experiencing profound adverse environmental changes, many of them driven—and all exacerbated—by rapid economic growth. Attitudes toward the environment in China are ambiguous. Nevertheless, these attitudes are indicators of how the Chinese view the natural environment and how they are likely to behave toward it and respond to efforts to protect it. They are also important precursors to actions by the Chinese government to address environmental problems that affect the rest of the world. Environmental awareness and attitudes are associated with individuals' educational level, socio-economic status, living environment, and exposure to media. By understanding the Chinese view of the environment and the degree to which they prioritize it (or not) relative to other important issues, Chinese and international policymakers and stakeholders can enhance their capacity to perhaps start shifting these attitudes, values, and behaviors toward those that might do less harm to China's environment and the world's. This article reviews findings on environmental awareness, attitudes, and behaviors, and makes observations on their implications for environmental governance in China. Information is drawn from Chinese survey data, secondary Chinese-language sources, and related tertiary literature.

scholarly journals Environmental perspective towards sustainability (environmental knowledge of university students in Greater Jakarta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Yosi Adriyanto ◽  
Dwi Nowo Martono
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
And Behaviors

Human perspective on the environment is influenced by factors, education, economic status, and the living environment. This study aims to link environmental knowledge (EK) held by university students and their sustainable behaviour in greater Jakarta. This research is based on the hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between knowledge and pro-sustainability behaviour. A survey was conducted for 50 university students in greater Jakarta, followed by an analytical descriptive to process the data. Research result shows that respondents who hold high Environmental Knowledge are less than respondents who obtain below average Environmental Knowledge. Moreover, it shows no relationship between knowledge and sustainable behaviour. Insights from this study will inform a higher level of environmental knowledge does not necessarily lead to more positive attitudes and behaviors regarding sustainability.

Environmental Governance in China: State Control to Crisis Management

Daedalus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Economy
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Emerging Nations ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The Government

After three decades of rapid economic growth, environmental degradation is now one of the most significant issues facing the Chinese government. The country's air, water, and land are all heavily polluted. Despite a number of environmental protection initiatives, both at the national and local levels, China ranks poorly when compared with other emerging nations. Formal government institutions have failed to address adequately the people's concerns. Beijing's system of decentralized authoritarianism lacks the political processes and incentives needed to implement meaningful national reform and to encourage local governments and polluting factories to enforce laws and regulations. The Chinese government now faces growing pressure from civil society, as NGOs, Internet activism, and protests compel the government to proactively address environmental issues. Beijing would do well to increase engagement between the government and its citizens, rather than relying on its current crisis management style of environmental governance.

scholarly journals Changes in the Cultural Value of the Ethic Chơ-Ro in Dong Nai Province, Viet Nam

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
Assoc. Prof, Dr. Lam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The People

In the last decades of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, Vietnam entered a period of strong industrialisation and modernisation. The growth rate of industrialisation and urbanisation in Dong Nai Province is very high, thus speeding up the process of modernisation. The rapid economic growth helps to improve the material and spiritual life of the people. In addition to economic development, new cultural and social issues have also emerged, especially changes in the cultural values of minority communities. This article studies the cultural changes of the ethnic Chơ-ro in Dong Nai Province. These changes stem from environmental changes such as life and economic activities and cultural exchange with other races living in the same area. Such changes are inevitable in ethnic minority communities in Vietnam. However, for the Chơ-ro people, this trend of change has become more intense, because people’s living environment has been greatly embroiled since 1950s. In addition, there is no emotional connection between their religious mentality, customs, and daily life. The traditional cultural value of Chơ-ro will gradually disappear under the current momentum and will be replaced by a new cultural value system.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation, Environmental Awareness and Environmental Governance Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3960
Author(s):  
Meng-Meng Geng ◽  
Ling-Yun He
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

It is a problem worth thinking about whether the government’s environmental regulation policies can meet the residents’ requirements for environmental quality, and benefit the people. The study of the public’s subjective evaluation can more intuitively judge whether the government’s environmental regulation has realized “ecological benefits for the people”. Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2013, this paper studied the impact of environmental regulation and environmental awareness on environmental governance satisfaction by an ordered probit model. The study found that environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on environmental governance satisfaction, while environmental awareness has a significant negative impact on environmental governance satisfaction. We also found that when public environmental awareness is taken into account, the positive relationship between environmental regulation and environmental governance satisfaction is affected. The robustness test proved this conclusion.

scholarly journals The Effects of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” and “31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan” on the Development of Taiwanese Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Hsiung-Shen Jung ◽  
Jui-Lung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The People ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Opening Up

China has achieved rapid economic growth and become involved in the economic globalization through its policy of reform and opening-up and modernization. It has attracted much investment from lots of Taiwanese enterprises, including some small and medium-sized enterprises featuring a high labor cost and facing difficult operation in the traditional industries. Thanks to the policy, many Taiwanese enterprises have got a chance to rebirth by transforming their crises into opportunities. With the implementation of the policy of urbanization, the people from rural areas in China have been moving to urban areas, and the enterprises of the second and third industries have been concentrating in cities. This has not only fueled the livelihood-oriented consumption in China but also expanded the domestic demand market of the Taiwanese medium and large-sized livelihood enterprises in China. The Belt and Road trade foundation construction program, which aims to link Europe, Asia and Africa and was proposed in 2013, is an extension of the Great Development of Western Part of China and offers Taiwanese enterprises a chance to get fully involved in the development of the international market. The 31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan announced by the Chinese government in February 2018 has significant influence on the future development of the Taiwanese enterprises in China. Therefore, this paper will elaborate on the effects of the Belt and Road and the 31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan on the Taiwanese enterprises.

PP103 A Comparative Study Of Catastrophic Health Expenditure In China

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhen ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqian Hu ◽  
Shuyan Gu ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Multi Stage

IntroductionChina has made great achievements in health insurance coverage and healthcare financing. Nonetheless, the rate of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in China was 13 percent in 2008, which is higher than in some other countries. There are differences among the provinces in China in terms of the lifestyles, customs, prevalent medical conditions, and health consciousness of their populations. This study aimed to compare the proportion of households with CHE and the factors influencing this expenditure between the Zhejiang and Qinghai province in China.MethodsData were derived from household surveys conducted in Zhejiang and Qinghai. Sampling was based on a multi-stage, stratified random cluster method. Households with CHE were defined as those with an out-of-pocket payment for health care that was at least 40 percent of the household income. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with CHE.ResultsA total of 1,598 households were included: 995 in Zhejiang and 603 in Qinghai. The average rates of CHE in Zhejiang and Qinghai were 10 percent and 31 percent, respectively. The economic status of a household influenced the likelihood of experiencing CHE; households headed by an employed person were less likely to experience CHE. In contrast, households that included outpatients or individuals with chronic diseases had a higher risk of experiencing CHE across the two provinces. Poorer or uninsured households in Zhejiang were more likely to experience CHE, as were households in Qinghai that included outpatients or were headed by a person from a minority nationality.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the importance of promoting economic development, expanding employment, and adjusting policies to better protect individuals with chronic diseases and outpatients from the risk of CHE. The Chinese government should pay more attention to actual conditions in different provinces to ensure that policy decisions incorporate local knowledge.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Influences on Environmental Changes of Lake Bosten, the Largest Inland Freshwater Lake in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Liu ◽  
Long Ma ◽  
Jilili Abuduwaili
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
The 1960S

A short lacustrine sediment core (41 cm) from Lake Bosten in arid central Asia was used to investigate the environmental changes that occurred in the past ≈150 years based on the superposition of climate and anthropogenic factors. Geochemical elements, total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN), and stable isotope data (δ13Corg and δ15N) were used to identify abnormal environmental changes. The average C/N ratio in the sediments of Lake Bosten suggested that the organic matter in lake sediments was mainly from aquatic plants. The δ13Corg and δ15N in the lake sediments mainly reflect changes in the structure of the lake’s ecosystem. Before the 1960s, the primary productivity of the lake was relatively low with a relatively stable lake water environment. From the 1960s to the mid-1980s, the lake’s ecosystem was closely related to a significant decline in water levels caused by human activities and an increase in salinity. From the late 1980s to ≈2000, the aquatic plant structure of Lake Bosten did not change significantly. After 2000, the upper part of the sedimentary record suggested enhanced productivity due to urban and industrial development in the catchment area. However, sedimentary perspectives of the responses of different environmental proxies in sediments to human activities were anisochronous, and the increasing heavy metal (Pb and Cu) and P accumulations appeared in 1970, reflecting heightened human impacts. Through the comparison between the Aral Sea and Lake Bosten, it was inferred that, under the intervention of human activities, the lake experienced a completely different evolution trend. Humans, as geological agents, should protect our living environment while satisfying social development. The results will provide an important supplement to a large spatial scale study of the influences of human activities on the environment in Central Asia, which also has some significant implications for the protection of the ecological environment and the realization of sustainable development in arid regions.

Sustainable Management of Bannerghatta National Park, India, with the Insights in Land Cover Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ramachandra ◽  
Bharath Setturu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth

The ecosystem of health and natural resource management is influenced by the social, political, economic system and institutional framework in a region. Rapid economic growth in Bangalore and its environs in recent decades has resulted in environmental changes in Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) and its buffer (of 5 km). Land use land cover (LULC) change analysis with a modelling technique such as cellular automata (CA)-Markov was used for quantitatively exploring forest cover transitions. The analysis of LULC dynamics has revealed loss of vegetation cover from 85.78 per cent to 66.37 per cent (1973–2015) and severe environmental stress. The region has lost moist deciduous cover, from 26.1 per cent to 13.8 per cent, and witnessed an increase in horticulture, from 8.5 per cent to 11 per cent (1973–2015). The visualization of likely land use in 2027 indicates the loss of forest cover from 41.38 per cent to 35.59 per cent with an increase in urban area from 4.49 per cent to 9.62 per cent (with new residential and commercial layouts in the buffer zone of BNP in violation of the eco-sensitive zone norms as per Section 5(1) of Environment Protection Act 1986). The study provides insights for developing an appropriate planning framework towards conservation and the sustainable management of ecologically sensitive national parks.

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneous Evolution of Haze Pollution in China as Deduced with the Use of Spatial Econometrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Hou ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Hongfeng Song ◽  
Fengshu Li
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Spatial Econometrics ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Haze Pollution, consisting essentially of PM2.5 and PM10, has been arousing wide public concern home and abroad. It has become a universal urgency for atmospheric researchers, governments, organizations, institutions, and the general public to conduct corresponding actions. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the institutional distribution and the regional evolution trend of path characteristics of haze pollution in China under the spatial–temporal heterogeneity on the basis of spatial econometrics, by incorporating the spatial element into the framework of the Multiple Influencing Factors mechanism. The results show that it has been abating under the governance year by year, though with a decreasing intensity; the major polluted regions have been moving from the East to the central and western area; there is significant spatial autocorrelation among the highly polluted area, but the effective local regulations of les- polluted regions do not impact the neighboring regions correspondingly; among the impacting factors, industrial structure, energy intensity, and traffic pollution have a significant Positive Impact on haze pollution, and the level of urbanization has a Negative Impact, while economic growth and innovation performance have no significant Positive Impact and are both weak in promotion. This research, theoretically and practically, offers reference for the Chinese government to integrate regional effective systems into multiregional diversified environmental governance, so as to realize its Green Ecology Transformation Development Strategy.

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