Mr. Hulot’s Invisible Gorilla

Projections ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Eric Faden ◽  
Aaron Mitchel ◽  
Alexander Murph ◽  
Taylor Myers ◽  
Nathan C. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Psychological Concept ◽  
New Material ◽  
Tracking Technology

This article examines the work of mid-century French filmmaker Jacques Tati. Tati suggested that his films allow more visual freedom to audiences and that audiences discover new material upon multiple viewings of his films. We review the scholarship on Tati, especially in relation to critic André Bazin’s theories of realism, and then propose another model for understanding Tati’s films: the psychological concept of inattentional blindness. The article then discusses our experiment using eye tracking technology to study how subjects watch Tati’s films versus other types of cinema and also how they re-watch films. Finally, we applied several statistical and mathematical tests to the eye tracking data to understand key differences between Tati’s films and other filmmaking practices.

scholarly journals The Power of Eye Tracking in Economics Experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna N. Lahey ◽  
Douglas Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Data Management ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Economics Experiments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tracking Technology

Eye tracking is a technology that tracks eye activity including how long and where a participant is looking. As eye tracking technology has improved and become more affordable its use has expanded. We discuss how to design, implement, and analyze an experiment using this technology to study economic theory. Using our experience fielding an experiment to study hiring decisions we guide the reader through how to choose an eye tracker, concerns with participants and set-up, types of outputs, limitations of eye tracking, data management and data analysis. We conclude with suggestions for combining eye tracking with other measurements.

scholarly journals Investigating the Use of Eye Fixation Data for Emotion Classification in VR

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1852-1857
Author(s):  
Lim Jia Zheng Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Emotion Classification ◽  
Learning Classifier ◽  
Rbf Kernel ◽  
Tracking Technology

Eye-tracking technology has become popular recently and widely used in research on emotion recognition since its usability. In this paper, we presented a preliminary investigation on a novelty approach for detecting emotions using eye-tracking data in virtual reality (VR) to classify 4-quadrant of emotions according to russell’scircumplex model of affects. A presentation of 3600 videos is used as the experiment stimuli to evoke the emotions of the user in VR. An add-on eye-tracker within the VR headset is used for the recording and collecting device of eye-tracking data. Fixation data is extracted and chosen as the eye feature used in this investigation. The machine learning classifier is support vector machine (SVM) with radial basis function (RBF) kernel. The best classification accuracy achieved is 69.23%. The findings showed that emotion classification using fixation data has promising results in the prediction accuracy from a four-class random classification.

Influence of Age-Rating Label Salience on Perception and Evaluation of Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Jöckel ◽  
Christopher Blake ◽  
Daniela Schlütz
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
New Age ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
Recent Reform ◽  
The Media ◽  
Tracking Technology

A recent reform of the German protection-of-minors laws demanded the increase of salience factors for the packages of audiovisual media products. This study evaluated the effects of an increase in salience factors of age-rating labels for video games and movies. We used eye-tracking technology in a 2 (Parents, Sons) x 2 (Old, New label) experimental design with 52 parent–son dyads. We measured attention to the age-rating labels and attitude toward the media content. Increased attention to the age-rating labels could be demonstrated. Eye-tracking data showed more frequent and prolonged perception of the more salient age-rating labels. The new age-rating labels were more likely to be fixated and were gazed at longer than their old counterparts. At the same time, this did not automatically lead to a reduction in age-inappropriate media attractiveness. Unintended effects that approached marginal significance were found for adolescent boys: The enhanced attention to new age-rating labels was accompanied by an increased attractiveness of age-inappropriate media. Independent of the type of label shown to parents, they neither allowed their sons to use inappropriate media, nor were they willing to buy such video games or movies for them. Increasing salience factors for age-rating labels is a double-edged sword, resulting in increased awareness of age-rating, but not a reduction in attractiveness of age-inappropriate content.

scholarly journals Subtitling Virtual Reality into Arabic: Eye Tracking 360-Degree Video for Exploring Viewing Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-308
Author(s):  
El Mehdi Ibourk ◽  
Amer Al-Adwan
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Viewing Experience

Abstract The recent years have witnessed the emergence of new approaches in filmmaking including virtual reality (VR), which is meant to achieve an immersive viewing experience through advanced electronic devices, such as VR headsets. The VR industry is oriented toward developing content mainly in English and Japanese, leaving vast audiences unable to understand the original content or even enjoy this novel technology due to language barriers. This paper examines the impact of the subtitles on the viewing experience and behaviour of eight Arab participants in understanding the content in Arabic through eye tracking technology. It also provides an insight on the mechanism of watching a VR 360-degree documentary and the factors that lead viewers to favour one subtitling mode over the other in the spherical environment. For this end, a case study was designed to produce 120-degree subtitles and Follow Head Immediately subtitles, followed by the projection of the subtitled documentary through an eye tracking VR headset. The analysis of the eye tracking data is combined with post-viewing interviews in order to better understand the viewing experience of the Arab audience, their cognitive reception and the reasons leading to favour one type of subtitles over the other.

scholarly journals From Visual Behavior to Signage Design: A Wayfinding Experiment with Eye-Tracking in Satellite Terminal of PVG Airport

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-262
Author(s):  
Chengyu Sun ◽  
Shuyang Li ◽  
Yinshan Lin ◽  
Weilin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Design Optimization ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
Decision Taking ◽  
Signage System ◽  
Tracking Technology

AbstractPassengers principally rely on signage to making wayfinding decisions in transportation buildings. Most existing research focuses on the analysis of the wayfinding trajectory, but there is less attention on the process of how passengers make the wayfinding decision. So, it is hard to accurately locate the causes of the wrong wayfinding decision. Taking the Satellite Terminal of Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG Airport) as an example, we adopted the eye-tracking technology and recorded the eye-tracking data of passengers observing the signage and making wayfinding decisions. Then, we compared and analyzed the data, presenting it by data visualization. This study found the causes of passengers making wrong wayfinding decisions and the visual behavior of wayfinding: the reconfirmation behavior, the priority of attention, and the clockwise observation. Finally, corresponding suggestions for signage design optimization are put forward regarding some wayfinding decision points. As a result, the optimized signage system in the satellite terminal is welcomed by the passengers two months later according to monthly questionnaires.

Analyzing eye tracking data using a Markovian framework to assess differences in scan patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1814-1818
Author(s):  
Shannon P. Devlin ◽  
Sara L. Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Data Overload ◽  
Tracking Technology

Data overload, especially in the visual channel, represents a major challenge with regards to display design in data-rich domains. One promising means of addressing data overload is with the use of eye tracking technology to better understand an operator’s transition methods between tasks in order to support operators in real-time. The goal of this study is to develop a Markovian framework analyzing eye movement across different panels while performing a simulated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) control task, the chosen application of this study. Across ten participants, an increase in workload adversely affected performance, but did not change individual scan patterns, which were based on a Markovian framework. However, across participants, eye tracking data revealed five distinct scan patterns, each with varying levels of success in terms of response time and accuracy. The top four performers all adopted different scan patterns. The findings show that eye tracking can provide unique insights to explain performance differences between individuals. Overall, the findings provide the foundation for developing an algorithm that optimizes performance while accounting for individual differences.

scholarly journals Using eye-tracking to evaluate the viewing behavior on tourist landscapes

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Gianpaolo Zammarchi ◽  
Giulia Contu ◽  
Luca Frigau
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tourism Websites ◽  
Tracking Technology

Every tourist website employs images to attract potential tourists. In particular, destination tourism websites use environmental images, such as landscapes, to attract the attention of tourists and to address their purchase choice. Nowadays the effectiveness of these tools has been enhanced by the use of eye-tracking technology. That allows measuring the exact eye position during the visualization of images, texts, or other visual stimuli. Consequently, eye-tracking data can be processed to obtain quantitative measures of viewing behavior that can be analyzed for several purposes in many fields such as to cluster consumers, to improve the effectiveness of a website and for neuroscience studies. This work is aimed to use eye-tracking technology to investigate user behavior according to different types of images (e.g. natural landscapes, city landscapes). Specifically, we compare different statistical descriptive tools with supervised and unsupervised models. Furthermore, we discuss the effectiveness of their results and their capacity to provide satisfactory and interpretable solutions that can be used by decision-makers.

Making Sense of Mobile Eye-Tracking Data in the Real-World

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1569-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Fong ◽  
Daniel Hoffman ◽  
Raj M. Ratwani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Real World ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Stationary eye-tracking technology has been used extensively in human-computer interaction to both understand how humans interact with computers and as an interaction mechanism. Mobile eye-tracking technology is becoming more prevalent, yet the analysis and annotation of mobile eye-tracking data remains challenging. We present a novel human-in-the-loop approach for mobile eye-tracking data analysis that dramatically reduces resource requirements. This method incorporates human insight in a semi-automatic decision making process, leveraging both computational power and human decision making abilities. We demonstrate the accuracy of this approach with eye movement data from two real-world use cases. Average accuracy across the two environments is 82.3%. Our approach holds tremendous promise and has the potential to open the door to more robust eye movement studies in the real-world.

scholarly journals An Eye-Tracking Approach to Inattentional Blindness

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 1658-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Pappas ◽  
Stephanie R. Fishel ◽  
Jason D. Moss ◽  
Jacob M. Hicks ◽  
Teri D. Leech
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Tracking Data

Inattentional blindness, the act of failing to notice clearly visible, salient objects in one's environment when engaged in a task, is of great interest due to both its commonality and its overall applications. This study attempted to objectively support previous claims made about the inattentional blindness phenomenon using eye tracking data. It was found that even when a stimulus crossed the fovea, not all individuals saw it. It was also discovered that some participants managed to notice the stimulus without fixating on it, in direct opposition to a hypothesis stating that fixation was required to notice a stimulus.

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