scholarly journals Distribution of seasonality of calving patterns and milk production in dairy herds across the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 8161-8173
Author(s):  
Fernanda C. Ferreira ◽  
John S. Clay ◽  
Albert De Vries
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dairy Herds

502 Late-Breaking: Tongue Rolling Behavior in a Large U.S. Dairy Herd

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Jesse Robbins ◽  
Mike Paros ◽  
Kelly McCandless
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stereotypic Behavior ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Pregnancy Status

Abstract Stereotypic behavior is repetitive, invariant behavior with no obvious goal or function and may indicate negative welfare. Non-nutritive oral behaviors are the most common form of stereotypic behavior in captive ungulates and these include tongue rolling where the cow’s tongue is extended, moving inside and outside of the mouth while the cow is not eating. We assessed the prevalence of tongue rolling in a large commercial dairy herd located in the United States by video recording cattle (n = 10,000) during three consecutive milkings on two rotary milking parlors. Associations between tongue rolling behavior, breed, age, days in milk, pregnancy status and milk production were assessed. In total, 29% percent (2,931) of cows were observed tongue rolling on the rotary parlor during at least one milking; 6% (613) were observed tongue rolling during two milkings; and 1.6% (164) were observed tongue rolling during all three sampling periods. Breed was the only variable associated with tongue rolling in the rotary parlor with nearly twice the proportion of Jersey (33%) vs Jersey X Holstein (17%) exhibiting tongue rolling behavior (P < 0.0001). The higher incidence of tongue rolling among Jersey vs Jersey X Holstein cattle within a shared environment suggests a strong genetic component that warrants further investigation. Validated sampling strategies for assessing tongue rolling in dairy cattle are needed.

scholarly journals Bovine leukemia virus seroprevalence among cattle presented for slaughter in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando V. Bauermann ◽  
Julia F. Ridpath ◽  
David A. Dargatz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Mountain West

Infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) results in economic loss because of reduced productivity, especially reduced milk production, and early culling. In the United States, studies in 1996, 1999, and 2007 showed BLV infection to be widespread, especially in dairy herds. We updated information herein on BLV seroprevalence in the United States, using samples submitted for testing and found negative for antibodies for Brucella by the Kentucky Eastern Regional Federal Brucellosis Laboratory. From October 2014 through August 2015, 2,000 samples from all regions of the contiguous United States were selected and tested for BLV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall percentage of samples positive for BLV antibody was 38.6%. Based on the animal’s origin, the percent positive by region ranged from 32.5% (Mountain West region) to 54.3% (Northeast region; p < 0.05). The positive rate for slaughter plants that processed mainly dairy animals (dairy plants; 47.6%) was higher than the positive rate at slaughter plants that processed mainly beef animals (beef plants; 33.6%; p < 0.05). The results suggest that BLV infection remains widespread in all regions of the United States and that rates may differ between beef and dairy cattle.

A Field Topic Current Concepts in Brucellosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-450
Author(s):  
FRANCIS J. DRAZEK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Control And Eradication

Brucellosis continues to be a very devastating disease in the United States and throughout the world. In dairy herds, spread of the disease often results in severe milk losses due to the necessary slaughter of infected animals. Many herds have been depopulated because herd owners have not followed management recommendations to control the spread of infection. Undulant fever is a frequent occurrence in farm families where herds are infected. Increased movement of cattle, including importation of animals, has contributed to its spread. Prevention, control, and eradication have been impeded by present housing and management practices. The general apathy on the part of the owner in not having herd additions blood-tested for brucellosis before entry into the herd is also an important contributing factor.

The “Tuberculous Cattle Trust”: Disease Contagion in an Era of Regulatory Uncertainty

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN L. OLMSTEAD ◽  
PAUL W. RHODE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Regulatory Uncertainty ◽  
State Initiatives

In 1900 bovine tuberculosis was a serious and growing threat to animal and human health. Early private and state initiatives in the United States often increased the incentives for the interstate trade of diseased stock. One unscrupulous dealer exposed thousands of dairy herds and families to the disease. Our study helps explain the expanding federal role in regulating food safety. In this case regulations arose from genuine health concerns. Before the development of strict regulations, diagnostic innovations that could have helped prevent the spread of the disease actually made the operation of markets worse by aggravating asymmetric information problems.

scholarly journals Consequence of alternative standards for bulk tank somatic cell count of dairy herds in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 6243-6256 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.D. Norman ◽  
J.E. Lombard ◽  
J.R. Wright ◽  
C.A. Kopral ◽  
J.M. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals A Review of Ureaplasma diversum: A Representative of the Mollicute Class Associated With Reproductive and Respiratory Disorders in Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Neres Santos Junior ◽  
Nayara Silva de Macêdo Neres ◽  
Guilherme Barreto Campos ◽  
Bruno Lopes Bastos ◽  
Jorge Timenetsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Reduced Genome ◽  
Ureaplasma Diversum

The Mollicutes class encompasses wall-less microbes with a reduced genome. They may infect plants, insects, humans, and animals including those on farms and in livestock. Ureaplasma diversum is a mollicute associated with decreased reproduction mainly in the conception rate in cattle, as well as weight loss and decreased quality in milk production. Therefore, U. diversum infection contributes to important economic losses, mainly in large cattle-producing countries such as the United States, China, Brazil, and India. The characteristics of Mollicutes, virulence, and pathogenic variations make it difficult to control their infections. Genomic analysis, prevalence studies, and immunomodulation assays help better understand the pathogenesis of bovine ureaplasma. Here we present the main features of transmission, virulence, immune response, and pathogenesis of U. diversum in bovines.

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