Effect of Drinking-Water Temperature upon Ruminant Digestion, Intraruminal Temperature, and Water Consumption of Nonlactating Dairy Cows

The biofilm formation potential of a drinking water supply system is related to the chemical, microbiological and hydrodynamic characteristics of water, and to the pipe materials in contact with water flow. The goals of this study were: to determine the biofilm dynamics in a model of four drinking water installations, to simulate daily household water consumption; to compare the biofilms developed on different polymer pipe materials and their influence on bacteriological water quality. The results demonstrated that bacterial density of biofilms depended on pipe material type and was influenced by water temperature. The biofilms on polyvinylchloride chlorinated and polyethylene materials had higher bacterial density than biofilms on polypropylene (PP) brands. The effect of the materials, and respectively the biofilms, on drinking water quality was stronger in the overnight stagnation periods, especially during the initial weeks of model operation, than in periods of water consumption. Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) in stagnant or in flowing waters and water temperature followed a similar curve pattern, demonstrating significant seasonal variations. In summer, the HPC values of stagnant waters were raised up to seven times higher than in winter and those of the outlet waters (during the consumption periods) were raised up to four times.

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Estimation of Carcinogenic Risks of Drinking Water Consumption in the Cities of Dnipro and Kamyan'sk

Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini bìologìï ta sportu ◽

10.26693/jmbs02.05.120 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 120-126

Author(s):

V. V. Zaitsev ◽

◽

N. I. Rublevskaya ◽

T. V. Krasota ◽

Y. V. Bannikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Consumption

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The Relationship between Concentration and Sensory Properties of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin in Drinking Water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1988.0218 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 20 (8-9) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Ito ◽

T. Okumura ◽

M. Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Forced Choice ◽

Residual Chlorine ◽

Mixing Ratio ◽

Consumer Panel ◽

Triangle Method ◽

Musty Odor ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mixed Samples

The study of the relations between the senses of smell and taste and odorant concentration is important for the solution of odor problems. The threshold concentrations of odor and taste (TOC, TTC) of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin were measured by the non-forced choice triangle method using 12-20 panelists. Both TOC and TTC were found to be functions of water temperature and the concentration of residual chlorine. The TOC and TTC of mixed samples were rather lower than the concentrations calculated from the mixing ratio. The sensitivities of the consumer panel and the number of musty odor complaints from consumers are related to MIB or geosmin concentration. The ratio of the number of complaints to MIB (or geosmin) concentration decreased after maximum complaint, but the sensitivity of the consumer panel remained the same.

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Drinking Water Consumption Patterns: An Exploration of Risk Perception and Governance in Two First Nations Communities

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12176851 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 6851

Author(s):

Neal Spicer ◽

Brenda Parlee ◽

Molly Chisaakay ◽

Doug Lamalice

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Risk Perception ◽

First Nations ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Local Community ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

First Nation ◽

Individual Risk

Many Indigenous communities across Canada suffer from the lack of access to clean drinking water; ensuring individuals and communities have safe water to drink either from their home or from their local environment requires the consideration of multiple factors including individual risk perception. In collaboration with local leaders, semi-structured interviews (n = 99) were conducted over a two-year period in the Dene Tha’ First Nation and Kátł’odeeche First Nation to unpack the issue of risk perception and its meaning to local community members. These local metrics of risk perception including smell, taste, safety, health fears and level of concern were then used to explore patterns in other data on drinking water consumption patterns and bottled water use. The results are consistent with previous research related to water insecurity and indicate that both communities consume more bottled water than the average Canadian. Results also varied by jurisdiction; those in Alberta indicated much higher levels of concern and a greater degree of bottled water consumption.

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Social Representations of Drinking Water in Schoolchildren and Parents from Two Schools in Zapopan, Mexico

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1871

Author(s):

Alejandra María Corona-Romero ◽

María Fernanda Bernal-Orozco ◽

Gabriela Alejandra Grover-Baltazar ◽

Barbara Vizmanos

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Social Representations ◽

Well Being ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Functional Dimension ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Children And Parents ◽

Unhealthy Diet ◽

Practical Dimension

Childhood obesity and children being overweight has increased recently; although they are multi-causal problems, an unhealthy diet is a critical component. In Mexico, drinking water consumption in children from 9 to 18 years only reaches 30% of total fluid consumption. The aim of our study was to describe the social representations (SR) of drinking water in school-children and parents of two schools in Zapopan, Mexico. Associative free listing was used as an information gathering technique. Schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years (n = 50) and parents (n = 23) from two elementary schools were selected by a convenience sampling from April to June 2015. A similarity analysis was performed using the co-occurrence index; with this, a similarity graph was obtained. Prototypical analysis was performed to explore the structure of the SR. Three dimensions were described in the children’s SR: a functional dimension related to health and nutrition, a practical dimension that describes the instruments used for its consumption, and a theoretical dimension that specifies the characteristics of water and its relationship with nature. In the parents’ SR, a functional dimension was also found; another dimension was described regarding the integral well-being that drinking water provides. A practical dimension describes the features related to its consumption. The investigation describes the structure of the water SR, which help to contextualize and explain the actions of schoolchildren and their parents regarding drinking water consumption.

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The Use of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil as an Additive to Drinking Water for Broiler Chickens and Its In Vitro Reaction with Enrofloxacin

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1535

Author(s):

M. Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska ◽

D. Szczerbińska ◽

S. Zych

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Body Weight ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Lavender Oil ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Synergistic Reaction

Biological activity of lavender essential oil is a property that can potentially find an application in poultry nutrition. Nowadays, the use of bioactive compounds is encouraged in many areas of industry and agriculture, since these substances have similar properties as withdrawn antibiotic growth promoters. Additionally, antibiotic resistance bacteria are one of the most important current threats to animal health. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of lavender essential oil on the production parameters and blood parameters in broiler chickens and to assess the lavender oil’s in vitro reaction in a combination with enrofloxacin towards Escherichia coli. One-day-old non-sexed chicks (Ross 308) were divided into three experimental groups, each consisting of 100 individuals (five replicate of 20 boiler chicken each). The chickens in the control group received drinking water with no addition of lavender essential oil. In the experimental groups, lavender oil was added to the drinking water at a concentration of 0.4 mL/L, in the LEO1–42 from 1 to 42 days of age and the LEO22–42 group from the 22 to 42 days of age. The chickens’ body weight, feed consumption, water consumption, deaths and elimination due to health reasons were determined in the experiment. On day 42 of the chickens’ lives, blood samples were collected based on which selected parameters were identified. An in vitro experiment of lavender oil in combination with enrofloxacin was investigated with a checkerboard method. The results of the experiment showed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of lavender essential oil and its positive effect on the production results of broiler chickens. The study results proved that the addition of lavender oil positively impacted the chickens’ final body weight and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01). No differences were observed between the groups for water consumption, death rate and the examined biochemical and immunological blood serum indices. Lavender essential oil was demonstrated to increase the blood serum’s total antioxidant status. A synergistic reaction in vitro was observed for lavender oil combined with enrofloxacin against resistant strains of Escherichia coli. Based on our study, a health-promoting effect of adding LEO to water for broiler chickens was found. Moreover, in vitro studies indicate a significant effect of lavender essential oil on the inhibition of the resistant strains of Escherichia coli growth and synergistic reaction with enrofloxacin.

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Contamination of drinking water by neonicotinoid insecticides in China: Human exposure potential through drinking water consumption and percutaneous penetration

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2021.106650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 106650

Author(s):

Chao Zhang ◽

Xiaohui Yi ◽

Lingtian Xie ◽

Hongbin Liu ◽

Di Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Percutaneous Penetration ◽

Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽

Exposure Potential

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Effect of water temperature on water consumption in female angora goats

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600021139 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1991 ◽

pp. 163-163

Author(s):

R.A. Cooper ◽

Bryany Hill ◽

J.A. Kirk

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Water Intake ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Angora Goats ◽

Definition Of ◽

Few Data

It is commonly held that goats prefer their water ‘warm’ and that consumption may be encouraged by offering warmed water. Conversely, it is argued that water intake may go down if water is ‘too cold.’ There are, however, few data available and no definition of what constitutes ‘warm’ or ‘cold’ in the eyes of a goat. This trial was undertaken to provide some data in an attempt to confirm or refuse these conventional wisdoms.

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