scholarly journals AGE AND GENDER SENSITIVITIES TO CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT AND TOKEN REINFOREMENT STRATEGIES ON SELF CONTROL LEVELS OF REMAND HOME INMATES IN NIGERIA.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-183
Author(s):  
SULEIMAN Femi Hafiz
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Token Reinforcement ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Reinforcement Strategies

The study examined Age and Gender Sensitivities to Contingency Management and Token Reinforcement strategies on Self Control levels of Remand home inmates in Nigeria.The study adopted the quasi-experimental non-organized pre-test, post-test and control group involving 3x2 factorial designs. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups. Seventy two (72) clients formed the sample for the study. Three remand homes- Akure (Ondo state), Osgbo (Osun state) and Ibadan (Oyo state) were purposively sampled for the study. The clients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups and a control group. The first group was treated with Contingency Management while the second with Token reinforcement and the third served as control. Self Control Scale (SCS) was employed in gathering data and descriptive statistics, ANCOVA, and scheffe posthoc analysis were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that both Contingency Management and token reinforcement strategies were adequately effective therapies in enhancing self control levels of the clients. However no significant difference on the self-control levels of male and female was found as well as that of old and young clients, this implies that both male and females as well as old and young clients are sensitive to Contingency Management and Token Reinforcement strategies. On the basis of these findings, it was highly recommended that government at various levels should employ well trained counseling psychologies who are competent in the use of various behavior modification techniques in solving different maladjustment problems among our youths and clients should avail the opportunity of the training exposed to at various homes and realized that both male and female clients deserve the treatment while the old and the young clients need treatment equally. Though the level of their involvement on delinquent behavior differ from one another, however, both need adequate and qualified counseling psychologies in behavior modification techniques

scholarly journals A Study of Wideband Energy Reflectance in Patients with Otosclerosis: Data from a Chinese Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suju Wang ◽  
Wenyang Hao ◽  
Chunxiao Xu ◽  
Daofeng Ni ◽  
Zhiqiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peak Pressures

Objective(s). The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) in the diagnosis of otosclerosis by comparing the differences in the energy reflectance (ER) of WAI between patients with otosclerosis and age- and gender-matched normal hearing controls in the Chinese population. Methods. Twenty surgically confirmed otosclerotic ears were included in the otosclerotic group. The ER of WAI at ambient and peak pressures, resonance frequency, and 226-Hz tympanogram were collected prior to surgery using a Titan hearing test platform (Interacoustics A/S, Middelfart, Denmark). All diagnoses of otosclerosis in the tested ear were confirmed by surgery after the measurements. Thirteen normal adults (26 ears) who were age- and gender-matched with the otosclerotic patients were included as the control group. Results. At peak pressure, the ERs of otosclerotic patients were higher than those of the control group for frequencies less than 4,000Hz and were lower for frequencies greater than 4,000Hz. In addition, within the analyzed frequencies, the differences observed at 2,520Hz was statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). At ambient pressure, the differences observed at 1,260 and 6,350Hz were statistically significant (p<0.05/16=0.003, Bonferroni corrected). Although the differences between the otosclerotic and control groups exhibited similar trends to those in studies implemented in Caucasian populations, the norms in the present study in the control group were different from those in the Caucasian populations, suggesting racial differences in WAI test results. Regarding the middle ear resonance frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. WAI can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of otosclerosis in the Chinese population. Norms and diagnostic criteria corresponding to the patient’s racial group are necessary to improve the efficiency of WAI in the diagnosis of otosclerosis.

scholarly journals Profile of Colorectal Tumor in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Husin Thamrin ◽  
Khafidhotul Ilmiah ◽  
Ni Wajan Tirthaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Colorectal cancer has became burden in the world.The latest study shows that colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and second most common cancer in women globally. There are difference characteristic of epidemiology in every countries. Moreover, there is no study that represents epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Indonesia yet, especially in East Java. The aim of this study was to describe colorectal tumor profile by age and gender in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Dr Soetomo Hospital. This study has received a certificate of Ethical Clearance No.273/Panke.KKE/IV/2015, a descriptive retrospective study. We collected data using medical records, and patients who have been colonoscopy examination and suspected colorectal tumor were included. There were 201 patients, divided to 100 males and 101 females. The peak of incidence was on 51-60 years old group, but on the 31-40 years old incidence of colorectal tumor was increased. The youngest patient was 17 years old. And tumors are more likely develop in distal area, especially in rectum. This study shows a different characteristic profile of colorectal tumor, where tumor is developed at young people and there is no significant difference between male and female for the incidence.

scholarly journals Multiple Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Exfoliation Syndrome in the Uygur Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Nu Ma ◽  
Ting-Yu Xie ◽  
Xue-Yi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exfoliation Syndrome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Protective Allele ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Background. Our previous data suggested that three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1048661, rs3825942, and rs2165241, of the lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene (LOXL1) are significantly associated with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG). The following study investigated other SNPs that potentially effect XFS/XFG. Methods. A total of 216 Uygur patients diagnosed with XFS/XFG, and 297 Uygur volunteers were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital at Xinjiang Medical University between January 2015 and October 2017. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture. Alleles and genotypes of LOXL1, TBC1D21, ATXN2, APOE, CLU, AFAP1, TXNRD2, CACNA1A, ABCA1, GAS7, and CNTNAP2 were analyzed by direct sequencing. Results. The allele G of rs41435250 of LOXL1 was a risk allele for XFS/XFG (P<0.001), whereas the allele G of rs893818 of LOXL1 was a protective allele for XFS/XFG (P<0.001). After adjusting all data for age and gender, the following results were obtained: the frequency of genotype CC for rs7137828 of ATXN2 was significantly higher in XFS/XFG patients than in controls (P=0.027), while no significance was found with reference to the frequency of genotype TT. The frequency of genotype GG for rs893818 of LOXL1 (P<0.001) and the frequency of genotype AA were both significantly higher in XFS/XFG groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). In addition, the frequency of genotype TT for rs41435250 of LOXL1 was higher in XFS/XFG patients than in controls (P=0.003), while no significant difference was found with reference to the frequency of genotype GG after adjusting for age and gender. In addition, the haplotypes G-A/T-G/G-G for rs41435250 and rs893818 were significantly associated with XFS/G. Conclusions. With reference to LOXL1, the rs41435250 resulted as a risk factor and rs893818 as a protective factor for XFS/XFG in the Uygur populations. Meanwhile, the rs16958445 of TBC1D21 and the rs7137828 of ATXN2 have also shown to be associated with pathogenesis of XFS/XFG.

An Electroencephalographic Investigation of Late-Onset Schizophrenia

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perminder Sachdev ◽  
Henry Brodaty ◽  
Sophia Roubina ◽  
Roderick A. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuroleptic Drugs ◽  
Schizophrenic Disorder ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Healthy Community

We performed awake and resting electroencephalograms (EEGs) on 22 subjects with DSM-III-R schizophrenic disorder of late onset (at or after age 50 years), and compared them with the EEGs of 33 healthy community controls matched for age and gender. The EEGs were rated qualitatively and a 2-minute, artifact-free tracing from each subject was quantified manually by an experienced neurophysiologist unaware of the identity of the subject group. The only significant difference was the presence of more generalized slowing in the EEGs of schizophrenia patients, which was at least partially accounted for by the effect of neuroleptic drugs. The schizophrenic subjects did not have a greater prevalence of epileptiform disturbances or abnormal asymmetry of the EEG compared to the control group. Our study does not suggest the presence of underlying dementia in schizophrenia of late onset.

scholarly journals Residual signal auto-correlation to evaluate speech in Parkinson’s disease patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 912-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Pereira ◽  
Arthur Oscar Schelp ◽  
Arlindo Neto Montagnoli ◽  
Ana Rita Gatto ◽  
André Augusto Spadotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Residual Signal ◽  
Auto Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the maximum residual signal auto-correlation also known as pitch amplitude (PA) values in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. METHOD: The signals of 21 Parkinson’s patients were compared with 15 healthy individuals, divided according age and gender. RESULTS: Statistical difference was seen between groups for PA, 0.39 for controls and 0.25 for PD. Normal value threshold was set as 0.3; (p<0.001). In the Parkinson’s group 80.77%, and in the control group only 12.28%, had a PA<0.3 demonstrating an association between these variables. The dispersion diagram for age and PA for PD individuals showed p=0.01 and r=0.54. There was no significant difference in relation to gender and PA between groups. CONCLUSION: The significant differences in pitch’s amplitude between PD patients and healthy individuals demonstrate the methods specificity. The results showed the need of prospective controlled studies to improve the use and indications of residual signal auto-correlation to evaluate speech in PD patients.

scholarly journals Relationship between papillary muscles abnormalities and apparently unexplained infero-lateral T-wave inversion in athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Bettella ◽  
M De Lazzari ◽  
A Zorzi ◽  
T Vessella ◽  
A Cipriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Papillary Muscle ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Apical Displacement

Abstract Aims To evaluate by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) if left ventricle papillary muscle abnormalities, such as hypertrophy and abnormal location, may be the anatomo-functional substrates responsible for TWI inversion in lateral or infero-lateral leads in otherwise healthy athletes. Methods We included competitive athletes with TWI in lateral or infero-lateral leads in the absence of cardiac diseases detected by CMR. The control population included healthy athletes with normal ECG, matched for age and gender. We compared thickness, volume (both absolute and relative to the cardiac mass) and position of the papillary muscles between cases and controls. Results We included 53 athletes with apparently unexplained TWI in the lateral or infero-lateral leads (median age 20 years (17–42), 86.8% males) and 53 athletes with no TWI matched for age and gender. 4 patients (7.6%) had family history for cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death. Athletes with TWI showed more hypertrophic papillary muscles compared to controls, with statistically significant difference in diameter, area and volume (p&lt;0.01). The median ratio between the papillary muscles and the left ventricular mass was 4.4% among athletes with TWI versus 3% among those without TWI (p&lt;0.001). Papillary muscles showed apical displacement in 47% of cases, compared to 17% in the control group (p=0.001). Conclusions Idiopathic TWI in lateral or infero-lateral leads is associated with left ventricle papillary muscle hypertrophy and their apical displacement detected by CMR. The comprehension of clinical and prognostic significance of papillary muscle abnormalities responsible for these ventricular repolarization alterations requires further studies. Example Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals A case-control study on body composition of teenagers with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Marinov ◽  
T Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of spinal abnormality. It affects about 2-3% of all teenagers. Its etiology remains unknown but studies suggest that multiple factors may play a role. A growing body of evidence supports the role of body composition abnormalities including low body mass index (BMI) and low body fat percentage (BF%) as risk factors for AIS development. This study aimed to evaluate these indicators in a group of teenagers with AIS and compare them to age and gender-matched controls. Methods The study included 98 adolescents with AIS and 73 controls aged 11-18 years from Varna, Bulgaria. Data was collected after receiving informed consent from the parents. Data on AIS diagnosis and severity was collected from the available medical documentation. Anthropometrics were measured using calibrated Tanita BC-420MA (ISSO 9001) and following ESPEN guidelines. BMI for age and BF% for age were estimated using WHO Child Growth Standards and BF% reference curves for children. Results In the AIS group, 15% were underweight with BMI for age under -2SD. 11% were above +1SD indicating a risk of overweight or obesity. In comparison, 7% of the control group were underweight while 32% were at risk of being overweight or obese. There is a statistically significant difference between the BMI for age in the two groups (χ2=19.564 Đ¿рĐ, p &lt; 0.005). In the AIS group, 47% had BF% for age under the 2nd percentile indicating underfat, while 7% of AIS cases had BF% for age above the 85th percentile indicating they are overfat or obese. In comparison, 15% of the control group were underfat while 19% were overfat or obese. There is a statistically significant difference between the BF% for age in the two groups (χ2=21,504 Đ¿рĐ, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Children with AIS are more likely to be underweight and underfat compared to their healthy peers. Cases of having a high BF% and being overweight or obese are scarce amongst AIS patients. Key messages The majority of children with AIS have abnormal body composition compared to healthy age and gender-matched controls. Aspects of the nutritional status may play a role in the etiology of AIS. Children with low body fat might be at a higher risk of developing AIS. AIS screening programs should be directed towards underweight children.

Are Children Scheduled for Ventilation Tubes Insertion Overweight? A Cohort of Israeli Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617
Author(s):  
Ayala Klein ◽  
Oded Kraus ◽  
Alisa Luria ◽  
Sharon Ovnat Tamir ◽  
Tal Marom
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Umbilical Hernia Repair ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ventilation Tubes ◽  
P 16 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Objective: To study the hypothesis that children scheduled for ventilation tube insertion (VTI), a surrogate procedure reflecting otitis media (OM) presence, are overweight or obese. Patients and Methods: Charts of Israeli children aged 0 to 9 years undergoing VTI with or without adenoidectomy between 9/1/17 and 3/31/19 in a secondary level hospital were retrospectively identified. We compared their mean body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) to the mean BMI of a control group comprised of children who underwent surgeries unrelated to OM (fracture fixation/reduction, inguinal/umbilical hernia repair, meatotomy, appendectomy). BMI measurements were plotted on gender- and age-matched curves to determine BMI percentile, and were also compared to the national pediatric overweight/obesity data. Normal weight was defined as BMI percentile <85%, overweight was BMI percentile between 85% and 97%, and obesity was BMI percentile >97%. Results: The VTI group included 83 children (mean age: 3.5 ± 1.8 years). The control group included 77 children (mean age: 6.3 ± 1.9 years). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean BMI values between both groups ( P = .22). When compared to age- and gender-adjusted 50th BMI percentile of the general pediatric population, the mean BMI of the VTI group was significantly higher: for boys, 16.9 versus 15.2 ( P < .01), and for girls, 16.6 versus 15.3 ( P = .03), but not in the control group: P = .16 (boys) and P = .11 (girls). Conclusion: Children undergoing VTI were overweight when compared to their age- and gender-matched peers. This observation was more noticeable in boys.

scholarly journals Profile of Colorectal Tumor in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Husin Thamrin ◽  
Khafidhotul Ilmiah ◽  
Ni Wajan Tirthaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Colorectal cancer has became burden in the world.The latest study shows that colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and second most common cancer in women globally. There are difference characteristic of epidemiology in every countries. Moreover, there is no study that represents epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Indonesia yet, especially in East Java. The aim of this study was to describe colorectal tumor profile by age and gender in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Dr Soetomo Hospital. This study has received a certificate of Ethical Clearance No.273/Panke.KKE/IV/2015, a descriptive retrospective study. We collected data using medical records, and patients who have been colonoscopy examination and suspected colorectal tumor were included. There were 201 patients, divided to 100 males and 101 females. The peak of incidence was on 51-60 years old group, but on the 31-40 years old incidence of colorectal tumor was increased. The youngest patient was 17 years old. And tumors are more likely develop in distal area, especially in rectum. This study shows a different characteristic profile of colorectal tumor, where tumor is developed at young people and there is no significant difference between male and female for the incidence. 

scholarly journals Empirical results of an experimental study on the role of password strength and cognitive load on employee productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Stephen Mujeye ◽  
Yair Levy ◽  
Herbert Mattord ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Employee Productivity ◽  
Computer Experience ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Password Strength

The demand for information system authentication has significantly increased over the last decade. Research has shown that the majority of user authentications remain to be password based, however, it is well documented that passwords have significant limitations. To address this issue, companies have been placing increased requirements on the user to ensure their passwords are more complex and consequently stronger with little consideration on the impact on employee productivity. Thus, this study was set to determine the effects of changing the password strength (cognitive load) over time and its impact on employee productivity. An experiment with two experimental groups and one control group was conducted. Data was collected on the number of failed operating system logon attempts, users’ logon times, task completion times, and number of reset requests. The data collected from 72 participants was analyzed for group differences and when controlling for computer experience, age, and gender. Our results showed significant differences on all measures between the three groups. However, no significant differences were observed when controlling for computer experience, age, and gender. Furthermore, the results indicated a significant difference between the user’s perceptions about passwords before and after the experiment. Our results may help organizations to realize the point at which increasing authentication places a higher cognitive load on the users, which in turn affects their productivity.

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