scholarly journals BRICS and Evolving Trends of Complex Interdependence: Implications for Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Waseem Ishaque ◽  
Shabnam Gul ◽  
Muhammad Faizan Asgher
Keyword(s):  
Power Politics ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Complex Interdependence ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
Economic Outlook

By far, the Realist notion of Power politics has remained the dominant paradigm in examining interstate relations; however, I want to argue that the evolving international landscape is moving fast towards complex interdependence. The peaceful rise of China, recurrence of Russia and rising Indian stature with a stable economic outlook and human capital of over 1 billion are hard facts, which is transforming the prevailing norms of international order by way of cooperative engagement, economic collaboration, common development and creating shared destiny by way of win-win cooperation. The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has assumed greater significance, as it is a transregional organization based on economic integration. This research article explores the contours of a successful model, identify potential challenges and opportunities and suggests a way forward for optimizing the gains promised through this economic bloc.

scholarly journals Changing Dynamics of Global Politics: Transition from Unipolar to Multipolar World

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzaffar ◽  
Zahid Yaseen ◽  
Nazim Rahim
Keyword(s):  
International Politics ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Complex Interdependence ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Us Hegemony ◽  
Increasing Trends

World is transforming again from unipolar to multipolar. Many regional powers are emerging on the canvas of international politics. Complex interdependence has taken its place and due to this phenomenon old rivals are now making alliances and friendships. Not even a single state can afford to exist in isolation. Keeping this entire scenario in view this study analyses the future of world politics at extent of political interaction and the next power structure of 21st century. In Past, the order of polarity shifted from bipolar to Unipolar as considered the transition of power in international world. The increasing trends of multipolarity have been allied with these three factors: The end of US hegemony, the peaceful rise of China and other emerging states in different regions, and the shifting nature of power structure from Unipolarity to Multipolarity. This study is qualitative and analytical predictive which is employed to develop and substantiate arguments. The spectacles of modern-day noticed that the peaceful raise of China as foremost new power effect the configuration of international politics. Last decades showed the most rapid economic rate of China. Revivalism of Russia and rise of other states including China will soon overtake the US hegemony. The theoretical framework provides the basic assumptions of this transition of Unipolarity to Multipolarity due to emerging trends of international relations.

scholarly journals China’s Rise and Balance of Power Politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Han ◽  
T V Paul
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
International System ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Rise Of China

Abstract The post-Cold War international system, dominated by the United States, has been shaken by the relative downturn of the US economy and the simultaneous rise of China. China is rapidly emerging as a serious contender for America’s dominance of the Indo-Pacific. What is noticeable is the absence of intense balance of power politics in the form of formal military alliances among the states in the region, unlike state behaviour during the Cold War era. Countries are still hedging as their strategic responses towards each other evolve. We argue that the key factor explaining the absence of intense hard balancing is the dearth of existential threat that either China or its potential adversaries feel up till now. The presence of two related critical factors largely precludes existential threats, and thus hard balancing military coalitions formed by or against China. The first is the deepened economic interdependence China has built with the potential balancers, in particular, the United States, Japan, and India, in the globalisation era. The second is the grand strategy of China, in particular, the peaceful rise/development, and infrastructure-oriented Belt and Road Initiative. Any radical changes in these two conditions leading to existential threats by the key states could propel the emergence of hard-balancing coalitions.

scholarly journals Pakistan and China’s Strategic Ties: Challenges and Opportunities in Trade Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Zahid Yaseen ◽  
Manzoor Khan Afridi ◽  
Muhammad Muzaffar
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Trade Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

The 21st century is marked by power shifting from the west to the east. This century started a new debate in the world about the peaceful rise of China as an economic power. Many scholarly articles discuss China as a new superpower. Due to the peaceful rise of China, the major powers like USA and Russia are looking for new areas of cooperation with China. This cooperation proved the statement that “there are not permanent friends or foes in international relations, only interests are permanent” and these national interests help the states to make their foreign policy. This is true in the relationship among states as well in the case of China & Pakistan. Despite, strong defense and diplomatic relations, there are some areas of divergence in Pak-China relations which are seen with the help of primary and secondary sources. This aspect needs to addressed by the leadership of both states.

America’s exceptional empire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Woodward
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
Line P ◽  
Liberal Perspective

The Obama administration announced in 2010 that the US would make a strategic foreign policy turn towards Asia i.e. China. This chapter shows that the discussion on this policy in the US is framed by a shared perception that the rise of China presents an existential challenge to the US-led world order that has prevailed since 1945. Some see conflict as an inevitable consequence of Great Power politics; others allege conflict will be unavoidable because China has regional expansionist aspirations or because China is a revisionist power that does not accept the rules of the ‘pax Americana’. The Pentagon is developing military strategies in the case of conflict with China. This chapter demonstrates that wherever the argument, starts, whether from a neocon or liberal perspective, whether concerned about the US’s economic, military or strategic position, all arrive at the same conclusion: China must be brought into line.

Power Transitions, Global Justice, and the Virtues of Pluralism

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Global Justice ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Total War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The One ◽  
Striking Success

Broad comparisons of international relations across time—of the prospects for peace and of the possibilities for a new ethics for a connected world—typically focus on two dimensions: economic globalization and integration on the one hand, and the character of major interstate relations on the other. One of the most striking features of the pre-1914 world was precisely the coincidence of intensified globalization with a dramatic deterioration in major power relations, the downfall of concert-style approaches to international order, and the descent into total war and ideological confrontation—what T. S. Eliot termed “the panorama of futility and anarchy which is contemporary history.” Today's optimists stress the degree to which globalization appears much more firmly institutionalized than it was a hundred years ago, the rather striking success of global economic governance in responding to the financial crisis of 2007–2008 (compared to, say, the Great Depression), and the longer-term trend within international society to move away from major-power war. Pessimists are less sure. They worry that we have had to re-learn just how unstable global capitalism can be, both in terms of the wrenching societal changes produced by economic success and of the political strains produced by slowdown and recession. And they point to the abiding or resurgent power of nationalism in all of the core countries in the system, the return of balance-of-power thinking (above all in Asia), and the renewed salience of major power politics.

Canada as a peninsula state: Conceptualizing the emerging geopolitical landscape in the 21st century

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-362
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
Rising Power ◽  
The Rise Of China

An unprecedented geopolitical landscape, driven by the reduction of Arctic ice and the rise of China as “a Polar power,” is emerging. What does this mean for Canada, and how should Canada respond to it in a systematic and strategic manner? We need a coherent and holistic conceptual framework to answer these key policy questions. Yet, the current literatures do not offer us such a concept. In an attempt to fill the void, this article presents a vision that conceives of Canada as “a peninsula state” exposed to great power politics in its vicinity, involving China as a rising power as well as the United States and Russia as resident powers. Furthermore, it argues that Canada should be prepared for three kinds of strategic dynamics as it enters the game of great power politics: theatre-linkage tactics and wedge-driving tactics vis-à-vis China and Russia, as well as quasi-alliance dilemma with the United States. Moreover, in order for Canada to cope with this complex international environment effectively, this article calls for creating a cabinet-level unit to coordinate various federal bureaucracies’ foreign and security policies.

Peaceful Rise of China: Myth or Reality?

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyong Yue
Keyword(s):  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Rise Of China

scholarly journals The Analysis on Sino-Us Development under Trump Administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tianrun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
The Us ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Thucydides Trap ◽  
Diplomatic Relationship ◽  
Trump Administration

<em>The Sino-US relationship was normalized in 1979, and 1st January 2017 marks the 38th anniversary of formal diplomatic relations. Since the US-China diplomatic relationship established, they have been on through zigzags. Two governments seek cooperation in various areas, enhancing close relationships and maintaining a smooth and positive momentum of development, and have achieved a historic progress. With China’s peaceful rise and the US’s eastward shift, the relations are in face of dramatic structural contradictions and the dander of “Thucydides Trap”. Meanwhile, as the core national interests conflict intensified, a new round of strategic suspicion has been stimulated. The “Trump Administration” gives new challenges and opportunities to both countries in economy and security areas, and both government are in face of the co-exist situation of “certainty” and “uncertainty”. In the short term, two governments share both conflicts and cooperation, and in the long term, relations are forging ahead in the difficulties.</em>

scholarly journals THE IMPLICATIONS OF US-TAIWAN RELATIONS ON US-CHINA RELATIONS UNDER THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Michelle Alysa
Keyword(s):  
Trigger Point ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
President Obama ◽  
Obama Administration ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Defensive Realism

<p>President Obama served two terms as the US president between 2009-2016. He managed to steer the US into Asia using the Pivot to Asia strategy. The strategy is not only used as a method to spread the US influence, but also to balance the peaceful rise of China. The strategy also includes Taiwan, whom until now is a key leverage against China due to China’s unresolved claim over Taiwan. With the US spread of influence on Asia and Taiwan, US-Taiwan relations impacted US-China relations under the Obama administration. The US-Taiwan bilateral relations become a trigger point to the US-China relations ignited several frictions. This research aims to identify implications and the result of the US-Taiwan relations towards the US-China relations under the Obama administration. Using the explanatory and historical comparative method with qualitative approach, this research indicates that the US and Taiwan relations impacted the US-China bilateral relations in several ways. It resulted in continuous and rising security dilemma, tension, and arms race in Asia. These implications are intensifying the existing differences between the US and China explained through the Offensive and Defensive Realism theories. Despite the unofficial status of Taiwan as a state, its relations to one of the major player in the world can affect the others as long as the three states remain connected.</p>

the rise of china: military and political implications

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
arthur waldron
Keyword(s):  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Military Development ◽  
The Rise Of China

the rapid economic and military development of china over the decades since the death of mao zedong in 1976 are already changing asia and the world. but what are the longer-term implications of this rise? even in china itself there seems to be disagreement. thus current president hu jintao and his brains trust have advanced the term ‘peaceful rise’ [heping jueqi] in an apparent effort to reassure neighbours who are increasingly troubled not only by china’s increasing economic clout, but by her military strength as well. hence, china’s rising is taken for granted – and has been for a long time. the classic introduction to the modern period, by immanuel hsu and now in its sixth edition, has been titled, for thirty five years, the rise of modern china.

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