scholarly journals Pakistan and China’s Strategic Ties: Challenges and Opportunities in Trade Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Zahid Yaseen ◽  
Manzoor Khan Afridi ◽  
Muhammad Muzaffar
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Trade Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

The 21st century is marked by power shifting from the west to the east. This century started a new debate in the world about the peaceful rise of China as an economic power. Many scholarly articles discuss China as a new superpower. Due to the peaceful rise of China, the major powers like USA and Russia are looking for new areas of cooperation with China. This cooperation proved the statement that “there are not permanent friends or foes in international relations, only interests are permanent” and these national interests help the states to make their foreign policy. This is true in the relationship among states as well in the case of China & Pakistan. Despite, strong defense and diplomatic relations, there are some areas of divergence in Pak-China relations which are seen with the help of primary and secondary sources. This aspect needs to addressed by the leadership of both states.

scholarly journals The Analysis on Sino-Us Development under Trump Administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tianrun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
The Us ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Thucydides Trap ◽  
Diplomatic Relationship ◽  
Trump Administration

<em>The Sino-US relationship was normalized in 1979, and 1st January 2017 marks the 38th anniversary of formal diplomatic relations. Since the US-China diplomatic relationship established, they have been on through zigzags. Two governments seek cooperation in various areas, enhancing close relationships and maintaining a smooth and positive momentum of development, and have achieved a historic progress. With China’s peaceful rise and the US’s eastward shift, the relations are in face of dramatic structural contradictions and the dander of “Thucydides Trap”. Meanwhile, as the core national interests conflict intensified, a new round of strategic suspicion has been stimulated. The “Trump Administration” gives new challenges and opportunities to both countries in economy and security areas, and both government are in face of the co-exist situation of “certainty” and “uncertainty”. In the short term, two governments share both conflicts and cooperation, and in the long term, relations are forging ahead in the difficulties.</em>

PENERAPAN PRINSIP PERSONA NON GRATA TERHADAP DUTA BESAR DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS PENGANIAYAAN TKI OLEH DUTA BESAR ARAB SAUDI DI JERMAN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Devi Yusvitasari
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Diplomatic Immunity ◽  
The Right

A country needs to make contact with each other based on the national interests of each country related to each other, including among others economic, social, cultural, legal, political, and so on. With constant and continuous association between the nations of the world, it is one of the conditions for the existence of the international community. One form of cooperation between countries in the world is in the form of international relations by placing diplomatic representation in various countries. These representatives have diplomatic immunity and diplomatic immunity privileges that are in accordance with the jurisdiction of the recipient country and civil and criminal immunity for witnesses. The writing of the article entitled "The Application of the Principle of Non-Grata Persona to the Ambassador Judging from the Perspective of International Law" describes how the law on the abuse of diplomatic immunity, how a country's actions against abuse of diplomatic immunity and how to analyze a case of abuse of diplomatic immunity. To answer the problem used normative juridical methods through the use of secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results related to this research topic. Based on the results of the study explained that cases of violations of diplomatic relations related to the personal immunity of diplomatic officials such as cases such as cases of persecution by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Indonesian Workers in Germany are of serious concern. The existence of diplomatic immunity is considered as protection so that perpetrators are not punished. Actions against the abuse of recipient countries of diplomatic immunity may expel or non-grata persona to diplomatic officials, which is stipulated in the Vienna Convention in 1961, because of the right of immunity attached to each diplomatic representative.

scholarly journals Chinese Interests in Pakistan: A Study in Regional Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Saira Bano
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Perspective

The present study is an effort to analyze the mode and intensity of Chinese interests in Pakistan. By examining the policy of pursuit in finding another market in the region, the study aims to understand the current warmth of the relationship between China and Pakistan. Although maintaining a perpetually friendly relationship with China has always been a cornerstone of Pakistan’s foreign policy, yet strengthening this relationship into a structured partnership remained a gradual process in the light of their mutual interests. In the politics of international relations, the relationship between countries is a complex interaction of pragmatic national interests, which are multifaceted and could take an alternate course with changing regional and international scenarios. As both Pakistan and China share many common political, economic and strategic interests due to which both are giving their utmost priority to protect their interests related to the other. This paper will investigate the situation where it is commonly believed that China is inevitable by avoiding the vice-versa. No doubt common threats and challenges faced by both the nation is the major cause to unite them in terms of security, political, economic and strategic fronts.

scholarly journals BRICS and Evolving Trends of Complex Interdependence: Implications for Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Waseem Ishaque ◽  
Shabnam Gul ◽  
Muhammad Faizan Asgher
Keyword(s):  
Power Politics ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Peaceful Rise ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Complex Interdependence ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
Economic Bloc ◽  
Economic Outlook

By far, the Realist notion of Power politics has remained the dominant paradigm in examining interstate relations; however, I want to argue that the evolving international landscape is moving fast towards complex interdependence. The peaceful rise of China, recurrence of Russia and rising Indian stature with a stable economic outlook and human capital of over 1 billion are hard facts, which is transforming the prevailing norms of international order by way of cooperative engagement, economic collaboration, common development and creating shared destiny by way of win-win cooperation. The BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has assumed greater significance, as it is a transregional organization based on economic integration. This research article explores the contours of a successful model, identify potential challenges and opportunities and suggests a way forward for optimizing the gains promised through this economic bloc.

scholarly journals Education and science as a soft power tool in Slovakia and V4 countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Peter Čajka
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
High Level ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Relationship

Already in the Middle Ages, in times of the first universities, education was an important source of knowledge and social status. Nowadays, education, together with its quality and level of teaching, is used as a means of pursuing national interests abroad, as well as influencing local elites, and sometimes even a larger population. High level and good quality of education is one of factors contributing to the relationship between states. The role of education as regards international prestige and the position of individual states has risen in recent years chiefly due to major changes in the global economy and a corresponding shift of values, values which have become important for the modernization of societies. Thus, education has become increasingly important, especially due to the growing significance of knowledge in the globalized world. Education has become an increasingly important factor in international relations and it translates into the soft power of a state.

scholarly journals Nigeria–China Relations: The Contemporary Challenges

2019 ◽  
pp. 1258-1265
Author(s):  
Dr. Adigbuo Ebere Richard
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
International System ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
The Relationship

2018 marks the 47th anniversary of Nigeria-China diplomatic relations. Nigeria’s relation with china is decisively important for the future of both countries and to an ever evolving international system. It is appropriate to understand the contemporary challenges facing this relationship. Thus, this article examines Sino-Nigeria relation with a view to providing a balance sheet of cost and benefits. To do this, the study rests on qualitative research method that examines and synthesizes extant literature on international relations and in particular relevant literature on Sino-Nigeria relations. It is thus discovered that in the bilateral relations between the two countries, China has gained more than Nigeria in terms of balance of trade and the unwillingness of China to transfer technology to Nigeria. Since the relationship is asymmetrical, the article concludes that China cannot solve Nigeria’s problem and that the latter must learn from China bitter and hard way to greatness.

ÒÍÅ HISTORY OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN UZBEK KHANATES AND INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Oybek Yarmatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of Diplomacy

International relations between Central Asia and India were important in the history of diplomacy and began to develop in the 15-16 centuries. The relationship between the two parties reached its peak during the reign of Abdullah II and Akbarshah. This article focuses on international relations between Central Asia and India

scholarly journals Penerapan Prinsip Persona Non Grata Terhadap Duta Besar Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Internasional (Studi Kasus Penganiayaan TKI Oleh Duta Besar Arab Saudi Di Jerman)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Devi Yusvitasari
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Diplomatic Immunity ◽  
The Right

A country needs to make contact with each other based on the national interests of each country related to each other, including among others economic, social, cultural, legal, political, and so on. With constant and continuous association between the nations of the world, it is one of the conditions for the existence of the international community. One form of cooperation between countries in the world is in the form of international relations by placing diplomatic representation in various countries. These representatives have diplomatic immunity and diplomatic immunity privileges that are in accordance with the jurisdiction of the recipient country and civil and criminal immunity for witnesses. The writing of the article entitled "The Application of the Principle of Non-Grata Persona to the Ambassador Judging from the Perspective of International Law" describes how the law on the abuse of diplomatic immunity, how a country's actions against abuse of diplomatic immunity and how to analyze a case of abuse of diplomatic immunity. To answer the problem used normative juridical methods through the use of secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results related to this research topic. Based on the results of the study explained that cases of violations of diplomatic relations related to the personal immunity of diplomatic officials such as cases such as cases of persecution by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Indonesian Workers in Germany are of serious concern. The existence of diplomatic immunity is considered as protection so that perpetrators are not punished. Actions against the abuse of recipient countries of diplomatic immunity may expel or non- grata persona to diplomatic officials, which is stipulated in the Vienna Convention in 1961, because of the right of immunity attached to each diplomatic representative.

scholarly journals WHEN SMALL BECOMES BIG – FIFTEEN YEARS OF SLOVENIA IN NATO

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
ALIJA KOZLJAK
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Small States ◽  
Integration Path ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
Large Organization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Balkan Countries

Abstract This paper analyzes Slovenia’s membership of NATO from an external, rather regional perspective. The conceptual context is based on theories of international relations, simplifying the understanding of developments related to the NATO integration processes. The methodology used for this analysis is mainly qualitative research, by means of several primary and secondary sources. In this context, the paper contributes to debates on whether small states serve as consistent security providers in the Alliance; hence, it examines Slovenia’s case in its efforts to be a reliable member of the Alliance. Correspondingly, it studies Slovenia’s attempts and its role in the Euro-Atlantic efforts of the Western Balkan countries. Likewise, the paper further examines to what extent, using the large organization as a platform, Slovenia pursues its own national interests, contributes to achieving the NATO ambitions of neighbouring countries, and strengthens regional stability. After some preliminary arguments, the paper briefly describes Slovenia’s integration path, from Yugoslavia to NATO. It then elaborates Slovenian engagements in the neighbourhood, before attempting to provide a short illustration of the role of Slovenia as an advocate of the region. The paper concludes that, despite its size and scope, Slovenia provides specific capacities that have verified the country as a respected member of the Alliance. Key words Slovenia, NATO, region, Balkan, membership.

scholarly journals The Ups and Downs of the Agreed Course: Russia, Britain and the Persian Crisis of 1911

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
А. Б. Ларин ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Regional Conflict ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
The Face ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Relationship

This article covers the interaction between Russia and Great Britain on the Persian Question in 1911, when a number of internal and external factors caused a serious political crisis in Qajar Iran, which directly affected international relations in the Middle East. In late 1910 – early 1911, the Persian government initiated an invitation of foreign experts to reorganize the finances of Qajar Iran. As a result of a rather complex discussion between St. Petersburg, London and Tehran, it was decided to invite a group of American specialists headed by William Morgan Shuster, an American financial adviser who had previously been involved in similar activities in the Philippines. This choice was later proven unfortunate: in many ways, it was Shuster’s approach that provoked the emergence and contributed to the deepening of the 1911 crisis. In addition, the paper considers the main factors and stages of development of the crisis, Shuster’s role in the events, St. Petersburg’s and London’s policies on the issue, as well as the differences in the approaches of Russian and British diplomacy to its resolution. It is demonstrated that in the face of a significant threat to the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, the Foreign Office (represented by Sir Edward Grey) displayed a willingness to make compromises on the Persian Question in order to prevent a break in diplomatic relations with Russia. At the same time, the crisis clearly demonstrated how fragile the balance of positions of the two Powers in the region was and how easily even a regional conflict can jeopardize the relationship between the two Powers in a wider context.

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