LEGAL PROTECTION OF MIGRANT WORKERS AGAINST THREATS OF ABUSE DISCRIMINATION IN A DIPLOMATIC RELATIONSHIP PERSPECTIVE BETWEEN COUNTRIES

Manpower is the driving force of an activity that can determine the implementation of manpower through the available manpower, which is an integral part of national development based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Problems that occur to Indonesian migrant workers abroad occur cases, abuse and discrimination occur, such as cases of sexual harassment, cases involving convictions of migrant workers, cases of unpaid wages, to cases of unilateral termination of employment. This research uses normative juridical research methods and is legally supported by socio descriptive analysis employing primary, secondary, and tertiary data. The purpose of this research is that the placement of Indonesian workers abroad is one of the State's efforts to realize the same rights and obligations for workers to improve their standard of living. The study results show that the protection of migrant workers needs to be affirmed with certainty against the regulation of Law Number 18 of 2017. The aim is to guarantee Indonesian Migrant Workers and their families in realizing guaranteed fulfillment of their rights in all activities before working, during work, and after working in legal, economic aspects, and social. The role of state diplomacy is needed in protecting and fulfilling the rights of migrant workers because this condition involves relations between countries, as people who have no choice of provider for life, workers. Therefore the role of the State must be very spearheading in providing legal protection to migrant workers because their status is minimal. The research analysis results to realize the implementation of international and national legal instruments from Indonesia need to be optimized through diplomacy from those with interest so that protection is said to be effective and optimal.

“We were cocked & loaded to retaliate”

The diplomatic relationship between the USA and Iran has long been fraught and is characterised by various conflicts and the implementation of economic sanctions. It can be argued that the relationship became even more hostile after Donald Trump was elected president of the US. Trump’s sentiments towards Iran were made public through his behavior on Twitter, both before and after he took over the Presidency. These sentiments have been a mix of negative and sometimes positive views and opinions. This study uses a corpus of Trump’s tweets that explicitly mention ‘Iran’ as the basis of a linguistic analysis and applies to it the analytical framework of appraisal from Systemic Functional Linguistics. More specifically, this study focuses on how he established an Us vs. Them dichotomy. While the analysis shows that Iran has been generally portrayed negatively by Trump, there were several tweets where the Iranian government was appraised positively, too. More interestingly, in those tweets, he seemed to target Obama and democrats and represent them negatively while Iran was assessed in positive terms.

The diplomatic relationship between South Korea and Hungary from 1948 to 1982

This thesis examines the process by which the Republic of Korea (hereafter, ROK or South Korea) and Hungary established diplomatic relations. Given the complexity of the process, the subject was be divided into two papers, the first of which concerns the period 1948 to 1982 and the second that of 1982–1988, the last year being that in which the diplomatic relationship was officially declared. Moreover, it employs the two countries' confidential diplomatic documents as primary sources. This article focused on the first part of the above period.

Anglo–Vietnamese diplomatic relationship in the seventeenth century: the case of the English East India Company

Drawing on primary materials from the English East India Company (EIC) archives in the British Library (London, UK), this article investigates the early diplomatic encounters between England and Vietnam (Tonkin and Cochinchina) in the seventeenth century. Previous studies have mostly focused on the English trade in Vietnam in that period and their diplomatic missions from the late eighteenth century to 1858 but partly neglected their diplomacy in their first connections with Vietnam (1614–1705). This article thus investigates how the EIC adapted its gift-giving diplomacy to the diverse and shifting political landscape of the Tonkin and Cochinchina kingdoms. While the Trịnh Lords in Tonkin severely limited diplomatic and trade exchanges with EIC agents and other European traders, the Nguyễn Lords in Cochinchina welcomed relations with EIC representatives as it served their ambition to facilitate trade and establish military alliances with other powerful actors in the region.

Pakistan USA Relations: Prospects & Dynamics in a New World Order

The diplomatic relationship between Pakistan and United States is a matter of importance. It is a debate of strategic partnership and a tale of friendship. Systematically the relationship was born in 1947 to have a direct entry of the United States in the region of South Asia. Hence both states worked on a bundle of agreements to strengthen their relationship. However, there was a turn of events that took place in 1965, 1971, 1998 & 2001, where both nations faced hardship. The papers bring light upon these scenarios and narrate them from a natural perspective. The ideas that are discussed in the paper is to give future solutions for Pakistan to deal with the United States.

Cuba-America Relations Present, Past & Future

“Time can never be the same”. This verdict suits on international affairs. On 17th December, president of USA proclaims that they are reinstating their diplomatic relationship with Cuba. This announcement terminates the half-century dispute between America and Cuba. Cuba is one of those five countries which are still communist. For a better understanding of current relations between Cuba and America, we should first put a glance on its historical background.

ANALISIS KERJASAMA PEMERINTAHAN REGIONAL DIY DAN KYOTO: SEKARANG DAN MASA MENDATANG

Paradiplomacy is a diplomatic relationship carried out by non-state actors. Paradiplomacy is one part of international relations in the modern era, and that international relations in the present era is not state-centric or centered only on the state, but also on non-state actors such as individuals or even local governments. The cooperation between Kyoto Prefecture and the government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta is one form of paradiplomacy, which is called the Sister City. Sister Province itself is a collaboration either engaged in politics or economics or both carried out between two regional governments that have the same problems and views and the cooperation carried out is aimed at solving problems that exist between the two cities. The cooperation between the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Kyoto is one of the Sister Province collaborations which is said to be quite productive and produces many things that benefit both parties. In this paper, the author will try to explain the cooperation carried out by the two parties in detail and explain the past and future that can be done by both parties involved in the cooperation. The author uses data from 2015-2020. The author assumes that the Sister City cooperation between DIY and Kyoto produces many productive things. The author uses a descriptive-analytic method. Keywords : Sister Province, Yogyakarta, Kyoto, Paradiplomacy, Transnational

The African Continent During and the Corona (COVID-19) Pandemic

There have been a lot of changes during this COVID-19 pandemic that will affect the relationship between PRC and the African continent. Some of these changes have been in the interpersonal relationship between ordinary Chinese and individuals of African descent. These changes have affected the diplomatic relationship and its effects on healthcare developmental projects. These projects have been affected by images on social media on how the Chinese mistreat Africans in China. Social media has been an important tool to affect the dynamic in these relationships. These social media outlets have been instrumental in the availability of mistreated Africans in the PRC. The United States of America, The People's Republic of China, and the African continent will be in a new era in a diplomatic relationship after the corona (COVID-19) pandemic. Whoever has the best game plan will win the hearts and minds of Africans.

Chinese Immigration to California: Welcomed Workers, Shunned Immigrants

This paper explores the complex relationship linking the collapse of the mining and railroad industries, anti-Chinese sentiment, and the passage Chinese Exclusion Act. Although difficult to tease out, the paper also explores how these immigration issues, prompted primarily by domestic concerns, were intertwined with the diplomatic relationship between the United States and China, as it evolved over the period of 1858 through 1880. this paper looks at historical newspapers written in the early Californian state in the 1850s to the 1860s to understand how changing attitudes towards Chinese immigrants affected local anti-Chinese laws and how these local attitudes shaped national laws. This paper will show that while Chinese workers were welcomed early on for providing cheap labor, overtime they would be increasingly prejudiced against and blamed for growing labor disputes between white workers and corporations. Ultimately Chinese immigration would be scapegoated as the reason for declining wages by white workers in order to pass anti-Chinese laws. The United States moved towards exclusion as a domestic policy, an apparent contradiction of its diplomatic policy of forging closer ties in an attempt to take advantage of Chinese trade.

Normalization Factors of Jordan's Diplomatic Relationship with Qatar: Dynamics Analysis of Area Security and National Identity

Jordan as a country that is flanked by several countries in conflict and does not have a wealth of natural resources, making alliances very important for the survival of the country. In meeting these needs, Jordan often allies with hegemonic actors for protective status as well as financial assistance. So in the scope of the Middle East, Jordan chose an alliance with the country of Saudi Arabia and its coalition in the Gulf region in the Gulf Cooperation Council. This alliance was continued until the 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis, Jordan was forced to cut ties with Qatar so that the alliance with the Saudi kingdom would not be damaged. However, in 2019, Jordan normalized diplomatic relations with Qatar after their two-year stretch. This decision also came even though Saudi Arabia and its coalition had not normalized with Qatar itself, and could potentially jeopardize Jordan's existence if it did so because it was against the Saudi coalition. So the researcher tries to analyze this phenomenon using regional security theory and the level of national identity analysis. Researchers later found that the motive behind the decision was Qatar's support for the protective status of Jordan's Jerusalem.