scholarly journals Structural brain injury in sports-related concussion

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. E6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Zuckerman ◽  
Andrew Kuhn ◽  
Michael C. Dewan ◽  
Peter J. Morone ◽  
Jonathan A. Forbes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Structural Brain

Object Sports-related concussions (SRCs) represent a significant and growing public health concern. The vast majority of SRCs produce mild symptoms that resolve within 1–2 weeks and are not associated with imaging-documented changes. On occasion, however, structural brain injury occurs, and neurosurgical management and intervention is appropriate. Methods A literature review was performed to address the epidemiology of SRC with a targeted focus on structural brain injury in the last half decade. MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched to identify all studies pertaining to structural head injury in sports-related head injuries. Results The literature review yielded a variety of case reports, several small series, and no prospective cohort studies. Conclusions The authors conclude that reliable incidence and prevalence data related to structural brain injuries in SRC cannot be offered at present. A prospective registry collecting incidence, management, and follow-up data after structural brain injuries in the setting of SRC would be of great benefit to the neurosurgical community.

Bilateral chorea following severe traumatic brain injury treated with risperidone

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e241929
Author(s):  
Daniel Krasna ◽  
Erica Montgomery ◽  
Jacob Koffer ◽  
Miriam Segal
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
History Of

A functionally independent man in his 20s with a history of intellectual disability and epilepsy and family history of Huntington’s disease suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. Postinjury, bilateral chorea rendered him dependent for all activities of daily living. Risperidone provided a significant reduction of chorea, decreasing the overall burden of care. Movement disorders are a common sequela of brain injury. Currently, there are no best treatment guidelines for chorea in patients with brain injury. To the authors’ knowledge there have been no case reports describing the effects of brain injury on patients with a primary movement disorder. Risperidone was an effective treatment in this case. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for treatment of movement disorders following brain injury and to better understand the effect of brain injuries on primary movement disorders.

Incidence of head injury and traumatic brain injury among people with Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarianna Ilmaniemi ◽  
Heidi Taipale ◽  
Antti Tanskanen ◽  
Jari Tiihonen ◽  
Sirpa Hartikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundInjuries caused by falling are a major health concern among older population. For older people, falls are the leading cause of head injuries; especially, persons with cognitive disorders have an increased risk of falling.ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of head injury and traumatic brain injury (TBI) among persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with persons without AD.MethodsThis register-based study was conducted on a nationwide cohort, which includes all community-dwelling persons diagnosed with AD in Finland in 2005–2011. Persons with previous head injuries were excluded, leaving 67 172 persons with AD. For each person with AD, a matching person without AD and previous head injury were identified with respect to age, sex and university hospital district. The Cox proportional hazard model and competing risk analyses were used to estimate HR for head injury and TBI.ResultsPersons with AD had 1.34-fold (95% CI 1.29 to 1.40) risk of head injuries and 1.49-fold (95% CI 1.40 to 1.59) risk of TBIs after accounting for competing risks of death and full adjustment by socioeconomic status, drug use and comorbidities.ConclusionPersons with AD are more likely to have a head injury or TBI incident than persons without AD.

scholarly journals Bedside ultrasound for early diagnosis and follow-up of postoperative negative pressure pulmonary oedema: case reports and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Andres Caballero-Lozada ◽  
Alberto Giraldo ◽  
Javier Benitez ◽  
Oscar Naranjo ◽  
Carolina Zorrilla-Vaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Bedside Ultrasound ◽  
Negative Pressure Pulmonary Oedema

scholarly journals Validation of the scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minor and moderate head trauma in children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Sönnerqvist ◽  
Ole Brus ◽  
Magnus Olivecrona
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Initial Management

Abstract Background Head trauma in children is common, with a low rate of clinically important traumatic brain injury. CT scan is the reference standard for diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, of which the increasing use is alarming because of the risk of induction of lethal malignancies. Recently, the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee derived new guidelines for the initial management of minor and moderate head trauma. Our aim was to validate these guidelines. Methods We applied the guidelines to a population consisting of children with mild and moderate head trauma, enrolled in the study: “Identification of children at very low risk of clinically-important brain injuries after head trauma: a prospective cohort study” by Kuppermann et al. (Lancet 374(9696):1160–1170, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61558-0, 2009). We calculated the negative predictive values of the guidelines to assess their ability to distinguish children without clinically-important traumatic brain injuries and traumatic brain injuries on CT scans, for whom CT could be omitted. Results We analysed a population of 43,025 children. For clinically-important brain injuries among children with minimal head injuries, the negative predictive value was 99.8% and the rate was 0.15%. For traumatic findings on CT, the negative predictive value was 96.9%. Traumatic finding on CT was detected in 3.1% of children with minimal head injuries who underwent a CT examination, which accounts for 0.45% of all children in this group. Conclusion Children with minimal head injuries can be safely discharged with oral and written instructions. Use of the SNC-G will potentially reduce the use of CT.

Odontogenic Fibromyxoma in a Cat: First Confirmed Case in This Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Kristin I. Scott ◽  
Colin E. Harvey ◽  
James G. Anthony ◽  
Roy Pool
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

An inflammatory gingival mass surrounding resorbing teeth was diagnosed via biopsy in a 9-year-old domestic shorthair cat. A dorsal rim excision was performed to remove the entire mass with associated teeth and bone. Histopathological diagnosis of the en bloc tissue revealed an odontogenic fibromyxoma. Extensive literature review revealed few case reports of companion animals with this neoplasm, and none in a feline patient. This report documents the clinical presentation, diagnostic differentials, surgical therapy, and long-term follow-up of an odontogenic fibromyxoma in a cat.

scholarly journals An Integrative Neuro-Psychotherapy Treatment to Foster the Adjustment in Acquired Brain Injury Patients—A Randomized Controlled Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Antoine Urech ◽  
Tobias Krieger ◽  
Eveline Frischknecht ◽  
Franziska Stalder-Lüthy ◽  
Martin grosse Holtforth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Treatment Standard

Adjustment disorders (AjD) with depressive symptoms following an acquired brain injury (ABI) is a common phenomenon. Although brain injuries are increasing more and more, research on psychological therapies is comparably scarce. The present study compared, by means of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), a newly developed integrative treatment (Standard PLUS) to a standard neuropsychological treatment (Standard). Primary outcomes were depressive symptoms assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) at post-treatment and 6-month follow-up assessment. In total, 25 patients (80% after a stroke) were randomized to one of the two conditions. Intention-to-treat analyses showed that the two groups did not significantly differ either at post-treatment nor at follow-up assessment regarding depressive symptoms. Both treatments showed large within-group effect sizes on depressive symptoms. Regarding secondary outcomes, patients in the Standard PLUS condition reported more emotion regulation skills at post-assessment than in the control condition. However, this difference was not present anymore at follow-up assessment. Both treatments showed medium to large within-group effects sizes on most measures for patients suffering from an AjD after ABI. More research with larger samples is needed to investigate who profits from which intervention.

scholarly journals S100B Serum Level as a Mortality Predictor for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2239-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Golden ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa ◽  
Citra Aryanti ◽  
I Putu Eka Widyadharma
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Serum S100b ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

  BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of inflammatory neuronal cell damage will continue after traumatic brain injury in which contributed to subsequent mortality. Serum S100B levels were shown to be an early predictor of mortality due to traumatic brain injury. AIM: This Meta-Analysis will analyse the mean and diagnostic strength of serum S100B levels between survived and died subjects with head injuries based on the various follow-up times of nine studies. METHODS: We conducted a meta-anelysis in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and adhering to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions. Literature search was conducted on March 16, 2018 from Medline and Scopus in the past 10 years, using various keywords related to S100, brain injury, and outcome. Duplicate journals were sorted out via EndNote. Included articles were as follows: original data from the group, clinical trials, case series, patients undergoing serum S100B levels with both short- and long-term follow-up mortality. Data were collected for mortality, serum S100B levels, and its diagnostic strength. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane, Denmark). RESULTS: The results of the meta-analysis showed a significant difference in S100B levels between survived and died subjects with head injuries on overall follow-up timeline (0.91, 95.9% CI 0.7-1.12, I2 = 98%, p < 0.001), during treatment (1.43, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.89, I2 = 98%, p < 0.001), or 6 months (0.19; 95%CI 0.1-0.29, I2 = 76%, p < 0.001) with an average threshold value that varies according to the study method used. The mean diagnostic strength was also promising to predict early mortality (sensitivity of 77.18% and 92.33%, specificity of 78.35% and 50.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION: S100B serum levels in the future will be potential biomarkers, and it is expected that there will be standardised guidelines for their application.

Hypoxic Brain Injury Following Heroin Overdose

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia O'Brien ◽  
Jenny Todd
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Heroin Overdose ◽  
Hypoxic Brain Injury ◽  
Hypoxic Brain

AbstractHypoxic brain injury is an under-recognised consequence of heroin overdose. This article documents the disability experienced by 10 people with hypoxic brain injuries following heroin overdose who presented in the 2-year period July 1997 to June 1999 at the Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Centre, a brain injury rehabilitation facility in Melbourne, Australia. Medical histories of these clients were reviewed and follow-up interviews were conducted between 2 and 4 years postinjury. Measures included the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ). The results showed that there were significant and enduring consequences for most of the 10 participants. At follow-up two participants had died from subsequent overdose, three required support to live in the community and one lived in an aged care facility. Only one participant was able to return to work. Cognitive problems were present in most of the group and problem solving and social interaction difficulties were the most commonly recorded problems. Three cases are described in detail to highlight some of the significant issues identified in this sample. Implications for the rehabilitation of people with brain injury following heroin overdose are discussed.

Myiasis in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Seldom Described but Commonly Seen

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. E19-E22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Muradás Girardi ◽  
Maria Lúcia Scrofernecker
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Head And Neck Malignancies ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Advanced Tumors

Human myiasis is a parasitosis usually found in tropical and underdeveloped countries. It usually affects ulcerated lesions or devitalized tissues, developing after deposition of dipterous eggs. Patients with head and neck cancer are at risk to develop secondary myiasis. A representative percentage of those patients manifest with neglected and advanced tumors, usually in exposed areas and with necrotic tissues. Few case reports and small series constitute the available information about this parasitosis. Most studies have been conducted in patients with skin carcinomas, although myiasis has already been described in association with other head and neck malignancies. The authors present a series of 12 cases of myiasis secondary to head and neck cancer in addition to a literature review.

Childhood traumatic brain injury; education and medical disability

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Nilsson ◽  
Ingrid Emanuelson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Return To School ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Legal Compensation ◽  
Insurance Compensation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe level of education and return to school and employment among children and young adults who sustained a Traumatic brain injury (TBI) 15 years ago and to analyse the occurrence of any medical disability. Design/methodology/approach – The study is descriptive. The authors used a questionnaire with questions covering education, employment, sick leave, insurance compensation and medical follow-up. Findings – A total of 37 individuals, 17 (45.9 per cent) women and 20 (54.1 per cent) men, participated. Just over half (20 individuals, 54.1 per cent) were in employment, five (13.5 per cent) were unemployed and four (10.8 per cent) received disability pension. In total, 18 (48.6 per cent) individuals had received full compensation from their insurance companies, while 12 (35.3 per cent) had had their medical disability classified. A total of 12 (33.3 per cent) individuals were taking medication and five (13.9 per cent) had been followed by the health care system. The results indicate that people sustaining a TBI are less successful on the labour market than the general population, that relatively few had had their disability classified and that almost 50 per cent receive no insurance compensation. Originality/value – There are few long-term follow-up studies on brain injuries acquired during childhood, and this study would add to the previous knowledge, as aspects of medical disability and legal compensation are included.

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