Hormonal dependency of cerebral meningiomas

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric F. Adams ◽  
Uwe M. H. Schrell ◽  
Rudolf Fahlbusch ◽  
Paul Thierauf
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Androgen Antagonists ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Meningioma Cell

✓ Cell culture and biochemical techniques have been employed to examine the effects of steroids, bromocriptine, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the growth and proliferative potential of meningiomas. In cell culture, the growth of meningiomas was not altered by progestogens, antiprogestogens, or 17β-estradiol. The progestogen, norethisterone, had no effect on the uptake by meningioma cell cultures of 3H-thymidine. Furthermore, cytosolic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase activity of meningiomas did not correlate with the progesterone receptor status of the same tumors. In contrast, the androgen antagonists, cyproterone acetate and 11-α-hydroxyprogesterone, and the dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, all inhibited the in vitro growth of meningioma cells. The growth of meningioma cell cultures was stimulated by EGF, and there was a positive correlation between the EGF content and DNA polymerase activity in meningioma cytosols. These results demonstrate that female sex steroids do not influence growth of meningiomas in vitro, whereas antiandrogens and bromocriptine have an antiproliferative effect. Consequently, bromocriptine and antiandrogens may have a role in the medical treatment of meningiomas. In addition, these results suggest that EGF may be involved in the genesis and/or progression of meningiomas.

Obtaining and Characterization of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse Callus Cell Cultures, Isoflavonoid Producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
D.V. Коchkin ◽  
G.I. Sobolkovа ◽  
А.А. Fоmеnkov ◽  
R.А. Sidorov ◽  
А.М. Nоsоv
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Callus Cell

The physiological characteristics of the callus cell cultures of Alhagi persarum Boiss et Buhse, a member of the legume family, widely used in folk medicine, have been studied. It was shown that the source of the explant was an important factor in the initiation of callusogenesis: more intense callusogenesis (almost 100%) was observed for explants from various organs of sterile seedlings, rather than intact plants (less than 30%). As a result, more than 20 lines of morphologically different callus cell cultures were obtained, and the growth parameters for the 5 most intensively growing lines were determined. The composition of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and secondary metabolites in the most physiologically stable callus line Aр-207 was analyzed. Using capillary gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GLC-MS), 19 individual C12--C24 FAs were identified, the main fraction of which were palmitic (~ 23%), stearic (~ 22%), linoleic (~ 14%) and α-linolenic (~ 33%) acids. The established atypical ratio of FAs (a simultaneous high content of both saturated FAs and polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid) is possibly due to the adaptation of cells to in vitro growth conditions. Phytochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (UPLC MS). Compounds belonging to different structural groups of isoflavones were found. Aglycones (calycosin, formononetin and afrormosin isomer), glucosides (formononetin glucoside), as well as esters of glucosides (malonylglycosides of calicosin, formononetin, afrormosin isomers, glycitein and genistein) were detected. These secondary metabolites are widespread in plants of the Fabaceae family; however, isoflavones are rare in representatives of the Alhagi genus. The presence of malonylated isoflavone glycosides in Alhagi spp. was shown for the first time. endemic plant species, Alhagi, in vitro cell culture, callus cell culture, isoflavones, fatty acids All studies were carried out using the equipment of the "Experimental Biotechnological Facility" and the "All-Russian Collection of Cell Cultures of Higher Plants" of IРР RAS. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no.18-54-06021 (Az_a), and the Government of the Russian Federation, Megagrant Project no. 075-15-2019-1882.

scholarly journals Effect of Phytohemagglutinin on Enzymes of Thymidine Salvage Pathway of Cultured Chronic Lymphatic Leukemic Lymphocytes

Blood ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
YALE RABINOWITZ ◽  
POLLY WONG ◽  
BETTY A. WILHITE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Blast Cell ◽  
Salvage Pathway ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Cells Cultured

Abstract N-L and CLL-L prior to cell culture gave evidence of high activities of TdR phosphorylase, TMP and TDP kinases, while TdR kinase and phosphatase activities were relatively low. Cells cultured without PHA showed no appreciable alteration in enzyme activities during three to five days of culture. Response to PHA with blast-cell formation in cultures of N-L or CLL-L (low-count cases) was associated with increased TdR kinase activity which became prominent at the time of increased DNA polymerase activity and DNA synthesis during the second to third day of culture. Cells from cases of CLL-L with high WBC counts which failed to respond to PHA showed no increase in TdR kinase activity but did show increased phosphatase activity. Increased TdR activity and increased DNA polymerase activity may both be needed for increased synthesis of DNA to occur in lymphocytes responding to PHA.

Synergistic Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase DNA Polymerase Activity and Virus Replication in Vitro by Combinations of Carboxanilide Nonnucleoside Compounds

Biochemistry ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (32) ◽  
pp. 10106-10112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Fletcher ◽  
Dominique Arion ◽  
Gadi Borkow ◽  
Mark A. Wainberg ◽  
Gary I. Dmitrienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Synergistic Inhibition ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Albumin Enhances Caspofungin Activity against Aspergillus Species by Facilitating Drug Delivery to Germinating Hyphae

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1226-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Ioannou ◽  
Aggeliki Andrianaki ◽  
Tonia Akoumianaki ◽  
Irene Kyrmizi ◽  
Nathaniel Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type

The modestin vitroactivity of echinocandins againstAspergillusimplies that host-related factors augment the action of these antifungal agentsin vivo. We found that, in contrast to the other antifungal agents (voriconazole, amphotericin B) tested, caspofungin exhibited a profound increase in activity against variousAspergillusspecies under conditions of cell culture growth, as evidenced by a ≥4-fold decrease in minimum effective concentrations (MECs) (P= 0. 0005). Importantly, the enhanced activity of caspofungin againstAspergillusspp. under cell culture conditions was strictly dependent on serum albumin and was not observed with the other two echinocandins, micafungin and anidulafungin. Of interest, fluorescently labeled albumin bound preferentially on the surface of germinatingAspergillushyphae, and this interaction was further enhanced upon treatment with caspofungin. In addition, supplementation of cell culture medium with albumin resulted in a significant, 5-fold increase in association of fluorescently labeled caspofungin withAspergillushyphae (P< 0.0001). Collectively, we found a novel synergistic interaction between albumin and caspofungin, with albumin acting as a potential carrier molecule to facilitate antifungal drug delivery toAspergillushyphae.

scholarly journals A Novel Leu92 Mutant of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with a Selective Deficiency in Strand Transfer Causes a Loss of Viral Replication

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (16) ◽  
pp. 8119-8129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eytan Herzig ◽  
Nickolay Voronin ◽  
Nataly Kucherenko ◽  
Amnon Hizi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Rnase H ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTThe process of reverse transcription (RTN) in retroviruses is essential to the viral life cycle. This key process is catalyzed exclusively by the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) that copies the viral RNA into DNA by its DNA polymerase activity, while concomitantly removing the original RNA template by its RNase H activity. During RTN, the combination between DNA synthesis and RNA hydrolysis leads to strand transfers (or template switches) that are critical for the completion of RTN. The balance between these RT-driven activities was considered to be the sole reason for strand transfers. Nevertheless, we show here that a specific mutation in HIV-1 RT (L92P) that does not affect the DNA polymerase and RNase H activities abolishes strand transfer. There is also a good correlation between this complete loss of the RT's strand transfer to the loss of the DNA clamp activity of the RT, discovered recently by us. This finding indicates a mechanistic linkage between these two functions and that they are both direct and unique functions of the RT (apart from DNA synthesis and RNA degradation). Furthermore, when the RT's L92P mutant was introduced into an infectious HIV-1 clone, it lost viral replication, due to inefficient intracellular strand transfers during RTN, thus supporting thein vitrodata. As far as we know, this is the first report on RT mutants that specifically and directly impair RT-associated strand transfers. Therefore, targeting residue Leu92 may be helpful in selectively blocking this RT activity and consequently HIV-1 infectivity and pathogenesis.IMPORTANCEReverse transcription in retroviruses is essential for the viral life cycle. This multistep process is catalyzed by viral reverse transcriptase, which copies the viral RNA into DNA by its DNA polymerase activity (while concomitantly removing the RNA template by its RNase H activity). The combination and balance between synthesis and hydrolysis lead to strand transfers that are critical for reverse transcription completion. We show here for the first time that a single mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (L92P) selectively abolishes strand transfers without affecting the enzyme's DNA polymerase and RNase H functions. When this mutation was introduced into an infectious HIV-1 clone, viral replication was lost due to an impaired intracellular strand transfer, thus supporting thein vitrodata. Therefore, finding novel drugs that target HIV-1 reverse transcriptase Leu92 may be beneficial for developing new potent and selective inhibitors of retroviral reverse transcription that will obstruct HIV-1 infectivity.

scholarly journals THE PROLONGED GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF OVARIAN TISSUE OF THE PROMETHEA MOTH (CALLOSAMIA PROMETHEA) IN VITRO

1958 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. C. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Explant Culture ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Live Tissue ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Callosamia Promethea

1. The ovarian tissues from diapausing pupae of the promethea moth (Callosamia promethea) have survived and grown for 186 days under in vitro conditions. There was continual cell migration and multiplication for a period of 53 days, followed by a period of 47 days during which no cells migrated from the tissues. Between the 100th and 105th days after setting up the cultures, cell migration was resumed, and by the 111th day 250 cells were present in the medium. A few cell divisions were observed between the 126th and 136th days. After the tissues were subcultured on the 140th day, the explant culture continued to survive, but the cell culture died 3 days later. 2. The tissues were subcultured a total of 6 times during the 186 days. By the introduction of a piece of live tissue into the cell cultures, the growth and survival of the cells were increased from 8 days to about 20 days. 3. It is possible that the tissues had become adapted to the medium during their long survival, as the cells which migrated from them after 100 days showed considerably longer survival than those in earlier cultures.

Histochemical detection of in vitro DNA polymerase activity

1973 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah F. Payne ◽  
Arya K. Bal
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Histochemical Detection

scholarly journals CSIG-09. PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS OF MENINGIOMA CELL-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES: FIRST OF A KIND

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi45-vi46
Author(s):  
Franz Ricklefs ◽  
Manka Fuh ◽  
Cecile Maire ◽  
Mareike Holz ◽  
Katharina Kolbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Meningioma Cell ◽  
Particle Counts ◽  
Mass Spectometry

Abstract BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in cell-cell communication in different types of tumors, carrying multiple layers of biological functional molecules, including proteins, RNA, DNA and lipids. Their implication as biomarkers in tumor disease is under current investigation. We previously showed that EVs in glioblastoma reflect the tumor subtype and that glioblastoma patients have elevated circulating particle counts. Regarding to meningioma, it is not known to what extent these usually benign tumors secrete EVs and how these EVs reflect the tumor. Here we report the first study that analyzed meningioma cell-derived EVs. METHODS Meningioma tissue, short-term cell cultures and cell culture-derived EVs (menEVs), (n=4) were analyzed by global mass-spectromety, immunoblotting and imaging flow cytometry and compared to EVs from glioblastoma short-term cell cultures (gEVs), (n=4). Plasma EVs from meningioma patients (n = 12) were analyzed for their tetraspanin marker expression (CD9, CD81 and CD63). EVs were further analyzed by nanoparticle analysis (NTA) and electron microscopy. RESULTS menEVs were 110-140nm in size and exhibited vesicular structures by electron microscopy. We identified 269 proteins in menEVs through mass spectometry. 45 proteins were upregulated in menEVs compared to short-term cell culture and original tumor tissue. 99 proteins were exclusively found in menEVs compared to gEVs, with osteopontin being the top highly expressed protein within the mEV fraction. Both meningioma and glioblastoma patients have elevated circulating plasma EV counts (p< 0.01), as measured by NTA. CONCLUSION The increase in circulating plasma EVs in meningioma patients suggests that tumor cell-derived EVs augment the pool of circulating EVs and could be utilized to obtain information on the tumor by liquid biopsy. Osteopontin is known to be expressed at high levels in meningiomas and its association with menEVs may facilitate isolation of circulating meningioma-specific EVs for analysis.

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