scholarly journals MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF HEPATOCYTES UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO SODIUM FLUORIDE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
I.L. Kolisnyk ◽  
I.Yu. Bagmut
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Subcellular Level

The article provides the data on the morphofunctional state of hepatocytes in the liver of white rats under the subtoxic action of sodium fluoride. Mature rats of the Wistar population (N = 17), weighing 180-210 g, were intragastrically injected with aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride in a dose of 1/10 LD50 at the ratio of 20 mg / kg of animal body weight daily. The subacute experiment lasted 60 days. Studying hepatocytes in the rat liver and assessing their morphological rearrangement at the subcellular level of organization was carried out by electron microscopy. The study of ultrastructural organization of the liver under the influence of sodium fluoride revealed changes in the submicroscopic architecture characteristic of the development of dystrophic processes. Prolonged intoxication with sodium fluoride caused a number of changes in the liver ultrastructurer, manifested by the development of intracellular edema in hepatocytes, swelling of mitochondria, changes in the density of their matrix, partial reduction and loss of cristae, vacuolization and expansion of the cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, an increase in the number of primary lysosomes, redistribution chromatin of the nucleus and a decrease in the number of ribosomes and glycogen granules. These changes indicate a disruption of bioenergetics of hepatocytes associated with the mitochondrial apparatus and the development of hypoxic processes, which lead to a decrease in the activity of redox reactions occurring at the level of intracellular membranes and organelles.

scholarly journals SUBTOXIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM FLUORIDE ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PITUITARY GLAND IN RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
I.L. Kolisnyk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Subcellular Level ◽  
Fluoride Intoxication

The study aimed at investigating the morphofunctional state of the pituitary gland in white rats under the subtoxic exposure to sodium fluoride. Mature male rats (N = 17), weighing 130-150 g, were intragastrically administered with aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride in a dose of 1/10 LD50 ranged from 20 mg / kg of body weight. The duration of the subacute experiment was 60 days. To assess the morphological rearrangement at the subcellular level of organization of the pituitary gland, electron microscopy was performed. The microscopic study revealed changes in the submicroscopic architecture resulted from dystrophic processes caused by the subtoxic exposure to sodium fluoride. Prolonged sodium fluoride intoxication led to a number of changes in the ultrastructure of the pituitary gland, manifested by the development of intracellular oedema, swelling of mitochondria, changes in the density of their matrix, partial reduction and loss of cristae, vacuolization and expansion of the cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, an increase in the number of primary lysosomes, in the redistribution of chromatin nucleus and a decrease in the number of ribosomes and glycogen granules. Hemocapillaries showed oedema of endothelial cells, uneven thickening of the basement membrane, vasodilatation with the development of stasis and sludge of erythrocytes. As in the vessels of the hypothalamus, the presence of fibrin and a significant number of platelets has been found. These changes indicate a disruption of bioenergetics associated with the mitochondrial apparatus and the development of hypoxic processes, which lead to a decrease in the activity of redox reactions occurring at the level of intracellular membranes and organelles.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AP-1 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR INHIBITOR ON STRUCTURAL, METABOLIC AND BIOMECHANICAL CHANGES IN BONE TISSUE DURING COMBINED EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF SODIUM FLUORIDE AND SODIUM NITRATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
I.O. Kovalova ◽  
V.O. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Factor Inhibitor ◽  
Excessive Intake

This article highlights the effect produced by the inhibitor of the AP-1 transcription factor activation on the mechanisms of structural, metabolic and biomechanical disorders in the femoral bones and vertebrae during combined excessive intake of sodium fluoride and sodium nitrate. The experiment was conducted on 30 white rats divided into 4 groups: the 1st included the intact animals, the 2nd group involved the rats subjected to the co- administration of sodium fluoride (10 mg / kg body weight) and sodium nitrate (500 mg / kg body weight) for 30 days, the 3rd group included the animals, which starting from the 15th day of intoxication, were injected SR 11302 ((E, E, Z, E) -3-Methyl-7- (4-methylphenyl) - 9- (2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl) -2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid), an inhibitor of AP-1 activation in a dose of 1 mg / kg intraperitoneally 3 times a week. It has been revealed that the SR 11302 administration restores the mechanism of NO autoregulation in the femoral bones during the sodium fluoride and sodium nitrate co- administration, reducing the total activity of NO synthase and activity of its inducible isoform under a reciprocal increase in total arginase activity, and suppresses the peroxynitrite production. This is accompanied by a decrease in the activity of enzymes, which are known as markers of bone resorption (acid phosphatase and its bone isoform) and restriction of the depolymerization of collagen, proteoglycans and sialoglycoproteins of the connective (bone) tissue in the femurs and vertebrae. Moreover, the introduction of SR 11302 under the experimental conditions is accompanied by an increase in the density and mineral saturation of the femurs and vertebrae, and an improvement in the biomechanical characteristics of the femurs (their strength and elasticity).

scholarly journals The FATP1–DGAT2 complex facilitates lipid droplet expansion at the ER–lipid droplet interface

2012 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningyi Xu ◽  
Shaobing O. Zhang ◽  
Ronald A. Cole ◽  
Sean A. McKinney ◽  
Fengli Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Subcellular Level

At the subcellular level, fat storage is confined to the evolutionarily conserved compartments termed lipid droplets (LDs), which are closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the molecular mechanisms that enable ER–LD interaction and facilitate neutral lipid loading into LDs are poorly understood. In this paper, we present evidence that FATP1/acyl-CoA synthetase and DGAT2/diacylglycerol acyltransferase are components of a triglyceride synthesis complex that facilitates LD expansion. A loss of FATP1 or DGAT2 function blocked LD expansion in Caenorhabditis elegans. FATP1 preferentially associated with DGAT2, and they acted synergistically to promote LD expansion in mammalian cells. Live imaging indicated that FATP1 and DGAT2 are ER and LD resident proteins, respectively, and electron microscopy revealed FATP1 and DGAT2 foci close to the LD surface. Furthermore, DGAT2 that was retained in the ER failed to support LD expansion. We propose that the evolutionarily conserved FATP1–DGAT2 complex acts at the ER–LD interface and couples the synthesis and deposition of triglycerides into LDs both physically and functionally.

The Morphology of Vacuolated Cells in the Liver Following Administration of Vitamin A.

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo ◽  
Fawzia Batti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Vacuolated Cell ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

Vacuolated cells in the liver of young rats were studied by light and electron microscopy following the administration of vitamin A (200 units per gram of body weight). Their characteristics were compared with similar cells found in untreated animals.In rats given vitamin A, cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were a prominent feature. These cells were found mostly in a perisinusoidal location, although some appeared to be in between liver cells (Fig. 1). Electron microscopy confirmed their location in Disse's space adjacent to the sinusoid and in recesses between liver cells. Some appeared to be bordering the lumen of the sinusoid, but careful observation usually revealed a tenuous endothelial process separating the vacuolated cell from the vascular space. In appropriate sections, fenestrations in the thin endothelial processes were noted (Fig. 2, arrow).

Modification of Pineal Ultrastructure by Exogenous Hormones

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
R. A. Turner ◽  
A. E. Rodin ◽  
D. K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Gonadal Atrophy ◽  
Pineal Ultrastructure

There have been many reports which establish a relationship between the pineal and sexual structures, including gonadal hypertrophy after pinealectomy, and gonadal atrophy after injection of pineal homogenates or of melatonin. In order to further delineate this relationship the pineals from 5 groups of female rats were studied by electron microscopy:ControlsPregnant ratsAfter 4 weekly injections of 0.1 mg. estradiol benzoate.After 8 daily injections of 150 mcgm. melatonin (pineal hormone).After 8 daily injections of 3 mg. serotonin (melatonin precursor).No ultrastructural differences were evident between the control, and the pregnancy and melatonin groups. However, the estradiol injected animals exhibited a marked increase in the amount and size of rough endoplasmic reticulum within the pineal cells.

Copper Localization in Cirrhotic Rat Liver by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 38-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Russ ◽  
E. McNatt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Mode ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to study the retention of copper in cirrhotic liver, rats were made cirrhotic by carbon tetrachloride inhalation twice weekly for three months and fed 0.2% copper acetate ad libidum in drinking water for one month. The liver tissue was fixed in osmium, sectioned approximately 2000 Å thick, and stained with lead citrate. The section was examined in a scanning electron microscope (JEOLCO JSM-2) in the transmission electron mode.Figure 1 shows a typical area that includes a red blood cell in a sinusoid, a disse, and a portion of the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte which contains several mitochondria, peribiliary dense bodies, glycogen granules, and endoplasmic reticulum.

Morphological and biochemical analyses of changes in rat hepatocytes related to wine and ethanol consumption

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
S.M. Geyer ◽  
C.L. Mendenhall ◽  
J.T. Hung ◽  
E.L. Cardell ◽  
R.L. Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Thirty-three mature male Holtzman rats were randomly placed in 3 treatment groups: Controls (C); Ethanolics (E); and Wine drinkers (W). The animals were fed synthetic diets (Lieber type) with ethanol or wine substituted isocalorically for carbohydrates in the diet of E and W groups, respectively. W received a volume of wine which provided the same gram quantity of alcohol consumed by E. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after 6 weeks and the livers processed for quantitative triglycerides (T3), proteins, malic enzyme activity (MEA), light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Morphometric analysis of randomly selected LM and EM micrographs was performed to determine organellar changes in centrilobular (CV) and periportal (PV) regions of the liver. This analysis (Table 1) showed that hepatocytes from E were larger than those in C and W groups. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum decreased in E and increased in W compared to C values.

Triple Fixation For Electron Microscopy

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 90-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Granular Structure ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Large Clusters

Potassium permanganate has been successfully employed to study membranous structures such as endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, plastids, plasma membrane and myelin sheath. Since KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing agent, deposition of manganese or its oxides account for some of the observed contrast in the lipoprotein membranes, but a good deal of it is due to the removal of background proteins either by dehydration agents or by volatalization under the electron beam. Tissues fixed with KMnO4 exhibit somewhat granular structure because of the deposition of large clusters of stain molecules. The gross arrangement of membranes can also be modified. Since the aim of a good fixation technique is to preserve satisfactorily the cell as a whole and not the best preservation of only a small part of it, a combination of a mixture of glutaraldehyde and acrolein to obtain general preservation and KMnO4 to enhance contrast was employed to fix plant embryos, green algae and fungi.

Image quality vs data obtainment in biological electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
J. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Fluorescent Screen ◽  
Embedding Medium

In the early years of biological electron microscopy, scientists had their hands full attempting to describe the cellular microcosm that was suddenly before them on the fluorescent screen. Mitochondria, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and other myriad organelles were being examined, micrographed, and documented in the literature. A major problem of that early period was the development of methods to cut sections thin enough to study under the electron beam. A microtome designed in 1943 moved the specimen toward a rotary “Cyclone” knife revolving at 12,500 RPM, or 1000 times as fast as an ordinary microtome. It was claimed that no embedding medium was necessary or that soft embedding media could be used. Collecting the sections thus cut sounded a little precarious: “The 0.1 micron sections cut with the high speed knife fly out at a tangent and are dispersed in the air. They may be collected... on... screens held near the knife“.

Immunoprobe localization in mammalian embryos

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Calarco ◽  
Margaret C. Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Antigen Localization ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Lowicryl K4m ◽  
Fertilized Egg

Visualization of preimplantation mammalian embryos by electron microscopy is difficult due to the large size of the ircells, their relative lack of internal structure, and their highly hydrated cytoplasm. For example, the fertilized egg of the mouse is a single cell of approximately 75μ in diameter with little organized cytoskelet on and apaucity ofor ganelles such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi material. Thus, techniques that work well on tissues or cell lines are often not adaptable to embryos at either the LM or EM level.Over several years we have perfected techniques for visualization of mammalian embryos by LM and TEM, SEM and for the pre-embedding localization of antigens. Post-embedding antigenlocalization in thin sections of mouse oocytes and embryos has presented a more difficult challenge and has been explored in LR White, LR Gold, soft EPON (after etching of sections), and Lowicryl K4M. To date, antigen localization has only been achieved in Lowicryl-embedded material, although even with polymerization at-40°C, the small ER vesicles characteristic of embryos are unrecognizable.

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