scholarly journals Tuberculin Survey in Government High School of Dharan Municipality

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (157) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Kumar ◽  
D D Baral ◽  
S Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Japan International Cooperation Agency ◽  
Development Region ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Programme ◽  
Financial Research ◽  
Annual Risk

This survey was done in 682 out of 1672 children tested with Batch of Tuberculin used for Testing (PPD RT23 with Tween 80) in Jan. 1997 with financial research grant of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences,Dharan.Dharan City is situated in Eastern Development Region (EDR) of Nepal where a high percentage of migrated population is residing with very high number of sputum positive cases. The majority of populationare from high hills & mountain region where the Annual Risk of Infection (ARI) is less. This survey was doneto know the epidemiological situation of Tuberculosis (TB) in Dharan.Tuberculin survey was done in Eastern Development Region (EDR) (1994) by National Tuberculosis Centre(NTC) / Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in Saptari & Morang. The reported result ofaverage Annual Risk of Infection (ARI) is 2.49% & 2.38% respectively.The mean age of surveyed population was 14.8 yrs. The Bacilli Calmette Guerin (BCG) coverage (scar rate)was 38.3% & BCG 4 - 8 age group 83.3% was highest & it gradually decreased to 37.5% in 12 + age group.The average 23 Tween – 8 – Batch of Tuberculin used for Testing (PPD) positive is 33.6% with 10 mminduration as cutoff line. Annual Risk of Infection (ARI) based on above was 2.7% in 9 - 11 age group &1.31% in 12 + age group. This survey is suggestive of tuberculosis being highly prevalent in Dharan. Thesurvey also showed average ARI to be 2.44% in Dharan in 10 - 15 yrs age group. The finding is suggestive ofhigh ARI although the populations has migrated from hill & mountain. Previous report of average ARI inthis area was 2.5% (Morang & Saptari). The survey result suggests that high priority, effective tuberculosisprogram is necessary and intensive control program can only give impact to control of tuberculosis in Dharan.Key Words: Tuberculin survey, school children, BCG coverage, ARI, Effective tuberculosis programme.

scholarly journals Exploring the mechanisms of collaboration between the Tuberculosis and Diabetes Programs for the control of TB-DM Comorbidity in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Suhuyini Salifu ◽  
Khumbulani W. Hlongwana
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Local Health ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Local Health Facility ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract Objectives To explore the mechanisms of collaboration between the stakeholders, including National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) and the Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Program (NCDCP) at the national, regional, and local (health facility) levels of the health care system in Ghana. This is one of the objectives in a study on the “Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of the Collaborative Framework for the Care and Control of Tuberculosis and Diabetes in Ghana” Results The data analysis revealed 4 key themes. These were (1) Increased support for communicable diseases (CDs) compared to stagnant support for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), (2) Donor support, (3) Poor collaboration between NTP and NCDCP, and (4) Low Tuberculosis-Diabetes Mellitus (TB-DM) case detection.

Collaboration between private pharmacies and national tuberculosis programme: an intervention in Bolivia

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Lambert ◽  
R. Delgado ◽  
G. Michaux ◽  
A. Vols ◽  
N. Speybroeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Tuberculosis Programme ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Programme

scholarly journals Microbial risk assessment of local handling and use of human faeces

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Schönning ◽  
Therese Westrell ◽  
Thor Axel Stenström ◽  
Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen ◽  
Arne Bernt Hasling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Accidental Ingestion ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Local Use ◽  
Annual Risk

Dry urine-diverting toilets may be used in order to collect excreta for the utilisation of nutrients. A quantitative microbial risk assessment was conducted in order to evaluate the risks of transmission of infectious disease related to the local use of faeces as a fertiliser. The human exposures evaluated included accidental ingestion of small amounts of faeces, or a mixture of faeces and soil, while emptying the storage container and applying the material in the garden, during recreational stays to the garden, and during gardening. A range of pathogens representing various groups of microorganisms was considered. Results showed that 12-months' storage before use was sufficient for the inactivation of most pathogens to acceptable levels. When working or spending time in the garden the annual risk of infection by Ascaris was still slightly above 10-4 in these scenarios, although the incidence rate for Ascaris is very low in the population in question. Measures to further reduce the hygienic risks include longer storage, or treatment, of the faeces. The results can easily be extended to other regions with different incidence rates.

scholarly journals Impact of External Quality Assurance on the Quality of Xpert MTB/RIF Testing in Viet Nam

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidyanidhi Gumma ◽  
Kyle DeGruy ◽  
Davara Bennett ◽  
Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim ◽  
Heidi Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Control Program ◽  
External Quality Assurance ◽  
World Health ◽  
External Quality ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Following the endorsement of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010, Viet Nam’s National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) began using GeneXpert instruments in NTP laboratories. In 2013, Viet Nam’s NTP implemented an Xpert MTB/RIF external quality assurance (EQA) program in collaboration with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND). Proficiency-testing (PT) panels comprising five dried tube specimens (DTS) were sent to participating sites approximately twice a year from October 2013 to July 2016. The number of enrolled laboratories increased from 22 to 39 during the study period. Testing accuracy was assessed by comparing reported and expected results; percentage scores were assigned; and feedback reports were provided to sites. On-site evaluation (OSE) was conducted for underperforming laboratories. The results from the first five rounds demonstrate the positive impact of PT and targeted OSE visits on testing quality. On average, for every additional round of feedback, the odds of achieving PT scores of ≥80% increased 2.04-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.39- to 3.00-fold). Future work will include scaling up PT to all sites and maintaining the performance of participating laboratories while developing local panel production capacity.

scholarly journals Factors that influence the recovery of TB patients using Cox proportional hazard regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ZURNILA MARLI KESUMA ◽  
HIZIR SOFYAN ◽  
LATIFAH RAHAYU ◽  
WARDATUL JANNAH
Keyword(s):  
Control Program ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Hazard Regression ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
National Tuberculosis Control Program ◽  
Record Data ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease which is one of the biggest health problems in the world, including Indonesia. The government, through the National Tuberculosis Control program, has made various efforts to control tuberculosis. However, this problem was exacerbated by the dramatic increase in the incidence of tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine the Cox proportional hazard regression model and the factors that affect the cure rate of TB patients. We used medical record data for inpatient TB patients for the period July-December 2017 at dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital. The results showed that with α = 0.1, the factors that influenced the recovery of TB patients were the type of cough, the symptoms of bloody cough and symptoms of sweating at night.  There were 33.93% of patients who did not work. This category included students, domestic helpers, and those who did not work until they suffered from tuberculosis and were treated at dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital. The hazard ratio (failure ratio) showed that the tendency or cure rate for TB patients who did not experience cough symptoms was 70% greater than patients who experienced phlegm cough symptoms. The cure rate for TB patients who experienced coughing up blood symptoms was 53% greater than patients without these symptoms. The cure rate for TB patients who experienced  symptoms of sweating at night was 54% greater than patients who did not sweat at night.

scholarly journals Dynamics of paediatric urogenital schistosome infection, morbidity and treatment: a longitudinal study among preschool children in Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e000661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick Nii Mensah Osakunor ◽  
Takafira Mduluza ◽  
Nicholas Midzi ◽  
Margo Chase-Topping ◽  
Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Schistosome Infection ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Praziquantel Treatment ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Urinary Morbidity ◽  
First Time

BackgroundRecent research has shown that in schistosome-endemic areas preschool-aged children (PSAC), that is, ≤5 years, are at risk of infection. However, there exists a knowledge gap on the dynamics of infection and morbidity in this age group. In this study, we determined the incidence and dynamics of the first urogenital schistosome infections, morbidity and treatment in PSAC.MethodsChildren (6 months to 5 years) were recruited and followed up for 12 months. Baseline demographics, anthropometric and parasitology data were collected from 1502 children. Urinary morbidity was assessed by haematuria and growth-related morbidity was assessed using standard WHO anthropometric indices. Children negative for Schistosoma haematobium infection were followed up quarterly to determine infection and morbidity incidence.ResultsAt baseline, the prevalence of S haematobium infection and microhaematuria was 8.5% and 8.6%, respectively. Based on different anthropometric indices, 2.2%–8.2% of children were malnourished, 10.1% underweight and 18.0% stunted. The fraction of morbidity attributable to schistosome infection was 92% for microhaematuria, 38% for stunting and malnutrition at 9%–34%, depending on indices used. S haematobium-positive children were at greater odds of presenting with microhaematuria (adjusted OR (AOR)=25.6; 95% CI 14.5 to 45.1) and stunting (AOR=1.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.7). Annual incidence of S haematobium infection and microhaematuria was 17.4% and 20.4%, respectively. Microhaematuria occurred within 3 months of first infection and resolved in a significant number of children, 12 weeks post-praziquantel treatment, from 42.3% to 10.3%; P<0.001.ConclusionWe demonstrated for the first time the incidence of schistosome infection in PSAC, along with microhaematuria, which appears within 3 months of first infection and resolves after praziquantel treatment. A proportion of stunting and malnutrition is attributable to S haematobium infection. The study adds scientific evidence to the calls for inclusion of PSAC in schistosome control programmes.

The Co-management of Tuberculosis-diabetes Co-morbidities in Indonesia Under the National Tuberculosis Control Program: Results From a Retrospective Cohort Study From 2017-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixi Jiang ◽  
Fauziah Mauly Rahman ◽  
Adik Wibowo ◽  
Adhi Sanjaya ◽  
Permata Imani Ima Silitonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Indonesia suffers from a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes (DM). The government initiated national TB-DM co-management activities under the National TB Control Program in 2017. This study investigates the detection and treatment outcomes of TB-DM in Jakarta after implementing these activities, and identifies the main factors associated with these outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using TB registry data in two districts of Jakarta, East Jakarta (low-income) and South Jakarta (high-income). A 5-step cascade analysis was used: diagnosed TB patients; TB patients tested for DM; diagnosed TB-DM patients; and patients received and completed TB treatment/cured. We conducted descriptive analyses to understand the characteristics of TB and TB-DM patients, and used a two-level mixed-effect logistic regression to explore factors associated with having a DM test and completing TB treatment/being cured. Results: Over the study period (2017-2019) 50.8% of the new pulmonary TB patients aged over 15 were tested for DM. The percentage increased from 41.7% in 2017-2018 to 60.1% in 2019. Of the TB patients tested for DM, 20.8% were diagnosed with DM. Over 90% of the detected TB-DM patients received standard TB treatment, 86.3% of whom completed treatment/were cured. Patients in East Jakarta were more likely to be tested for DM and to complete standard TB treatment/be cured than patients in South Jakarta (P<0.001). Bacteriologically positive TB patients were more likely to be tested for DM (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.17,1.60). Patients diagnosed in sub-district level healthcare centers had a higher likelihood of being tested for DM than those in government and private hospitals (P<0.05). Receiving DM treatment was associated with a higher likelihood of completing TB treatment/being cured (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.20, 2.77).Conclusions: TB-DM case detection significantly improved in 2019 after introducing TB-DM co-management activities in Jakarta, while gaps in TB-DM co-management existed between bacteriologically positive and clinically diagnosed TB patients, and across different types of health facilities. Collaboration between TB and DM departments should be strengthened, and more resources need to be mobilized to further improve the co-management of TB-DM in Indonesia.

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