scholarly journals Health tourism and cross-border healthcare in the European Union

2017 ◽  
pp. 221-232
Author(s):  
Robert Pakla
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health Tourism ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
History Of Migration

This article aims to discuss issues of "Medical tourism" within the European Union countries. The author in his publication presented the trends of medical tourism and considered the cause of this phenomenon. The article makes reference to the history of migration in medical purposes. The role of freedom of movement and freedom to provide services as the base of the economic system of the European Union for the development of medical tourism. The publication presents the basic regulations on this subject in terms of Polish law and European law. The author based on reports and scientific publications tried to in this article to assess after the presentation of both positive and negative effects of this phenomenon, and also provide potential opportunities and threats flowing from it.

THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs) AS INTERMEDIARIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION DECISION TO ADOPT INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS: 1973–2002

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrimi Kaya ◽  
Robert J. Kirsch ◽  
Klaus Henselmann
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
International Accounting ◽  
International Accounting Standards ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

This paper analyzes the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as intermediaries in encouraging the European Union (EU) to adopt International Accounting Standards (IAS). Our analysis begins with the 1973 founding of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), and ends with 2002 when the binding EU regulation was approved. We document the many pathways of interaction between European supranational, governmental bodies and the IASC/IASB, as well as important regional NGOs, such as the Union Européenne des Experts Comptables, Économiques et Financiers (UEC), the Groupe d'Etudes des Experts Comptables de la Communauté Économique Européenne (Groupe d'Etudes), and their successor, the Fédération des Experts Comptables Européens (FEE). This study investigates, through personal interviews of key individuals involved in making the history of the organizations studied, and an extensive set of primary sources, how NGOs filled key roles in the process of harmonization of international accounting standards.

scholarly journals Subjectivity of the European Union ‒ between Atlanticism and Eurocentrism

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
Alexey Gromyko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Strategic Autonomy ◽  
The Military ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
The Eu

In the centre of the study ‒ the contemporary discourse on the subjectivity of the European Union, conducted by euro-atlantists and euro-autonomists in the field of both conceptual and applied issues. We witness a collision of two views about a desirable type of the EU’s identity as a part of the revived Western-centric world or as a moderate Eurocentrism. A significant attention is paid to the principle of strategic autonomy and the role of Germany and France in its implementation. The subjectivity of the EU is treated as a multi-speed process, intrinsic to the history of the European integration. The author explores the Eurocentric tendencies in the military-political sphere including deliberations on the primary deterrence. The EU’s aspirations towards digital and trade sovereignty are highlighted drawing examples of the JCAP and Nord Stream 2. The article demonstrates that J. Biden’s victory in the presidential election in November 2020 has not reduced the EU ‒ US contradictions on a range of important issues. The recent events in Afghanistan and the signing of AUKUS have become a stark reminder that the principle of strategic autonomy of the EU should be treated by Brussels as the basis for the common security and defense policy.

scholarly journals Problems and prospects of evolution of the relations between Germany and Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Gasan Islamovich Bulatov ◽  
Khamid Abdalla Bashir ◽  
Mokhammed Khalil' Khussian
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Aspects

This article analyzes the concerns and prospects for the development of relations between Turkey and Germany based on the historical method and event study. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that at the in the context of transition of the global political system from bilateral to multilateral model of world political landscape, Turkey’s political interests are focused on becoming one of the dominants in the Caucasus-Black Sea-Mediterranean region. The article discusses the complicated relations between Germany and Turkey. Special attention is given to the domestic political agenda of the two countries, their bilateral relations, as well as relations with the European Union. Various political parties in Germany, their outlook upon Germany-Turkey and EU-Turkey relations, positioning on the German Turks, and policy of the German governments are described from the perspective of historical approach to shed light on the key aspects of their attitude towards the “Turkish issue”. The article outlines the trends and prospects for the evolution of Germany-Turkey relations at the current stage of development of the world political-economic system. The conducted analysis relies on the authorial fundamental works, scientific publications, and historical documents on the history of Germany-Turkey relations. Using the three-tier analysis of bilateral visits of the representatives of both countries over the period from 2014 to 2020, the author places emphasis on the domestic political agenda of the two countries, bilateral relations between them, as well as their relations with the European Union.

The Entry into Force of the Lisbon Treaty: The European Union in Retrospect and Prospect

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 265-290
Author(s):  
Avinash Sharma
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Eu

SummaryThe history of European integration unmistakably shows that it has progressed step by step and is indeed an ongoing and irreversible process. One such step is the conclusion of the Lisbon Treaty, which came into force on 1 December 2009, following negotiations spanning nearly a decade. The treaty aims, inter alia, at improving the functioning of the European Union (EU) and significantly amends the treaty basis of the EU as a supranational organization. It formally establishes the EU as a legal entity under public international law, strengthens the role of the European Parliament, and significantly reforms the role of the high representative of the union for foreign affairs and security policy. Moreover, the treaty has made the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights a legally binding and enforceable instrument and has expanded the competences of the EU in the fields of trade and other external commercial relations by providing it with exclusive competence to conduct the EU’s Common Commercial Policy. The author reviews these and other innovations of the Lisbon Treaty and briefly evaluates the treaty and its implications for the EU.

scholarly journals The Role of Research and Innovation in Europe for the Decarbonisation of Waterborne Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10447
Author(s):  
Monica Grosso ◽  
Fabio Marques dos Santos ◽  
Konstantinos Gkoumas ◽  
Marcin Stępniak ◽  
Ferenc Pekár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Research And Innovation

Waterborne transport contributes to around 14% of the overall greenhouse gas emissions of transport in the European Union and it is among the most efficient modes of transport. Nonetheless, considering the aim of making the European Union carbon-neutral by 2050 and the fundamental role of waterborne transport within the European economy, effort is needed to reduce its environmental impact. This paper provides an assessment of research and innovation measures aiming at decreasing waterborne transport’s CO2 emissions by assessing European projects based on the European Commission’s Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). Additionally, it provides an outlook of the evolution of scientific publications and intellectual property activity in the area. The review of project findings suggests that there is no single measure which can be considered as a problem solver in the area of the reduction of waterborne CO2 emissions, and only the combination of different innovations should enable reaching this goal. The highlighted potential innovations include further development of lightweight composite materials, innovative hull repair methods, wind assisted propulsion, engine efficiency, waste heat electrification, hydrogen and alternative fuels. The assessment shows prevalence of funding allocated to technological measures; however, non-technological ones, like improved vessel navigation and allocation systems, also show a great potential for the reduction of CO2 emissions and reduction of negative environmental impacts of waterborne transport.

scholarly journals Notariusz jako organ ochrony prawnej w świetle prawa polskiego i prawa Unii Europejskiej

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
Monika Setkowicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Protection Authority

A NOTARY AS A LEGAL PROTECTION AUTHORITY UNDER THE POLISH LAW AND THE EUROPEAN UNION LAWThe paper aims to examine the role of a notary as a legal protection authority in Polish and European Union law systems. The European Union Regulation on Succession has changed the existing role of a notary. It has established the new institution of legal protection — a European Certificate of Succession. The competence to issue a European Certificate of Succession has been entrusted to the notaries beside the courts. This new notarial action has direct effect in the other Member States of the European Union. The scope of legal protection exercised by a notary went beyond national borders and its role has become cross-border.

scholarly journals Investigate the Exit of the Britain from European Union and Its Impacts on the International Community

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ehsan Chaboki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Second World

Although Europe is not a superpower, but it is a great world power, at least in the economic dimension and it has a decisive effect on many international issues. Means it has much to say in relation to trade, the environment, drug control, natural disasters, and serious illnesses and so on. But in the field of policy passing the restrictive measures that puts on its agenda, in the major and basic issues it inevitably should cooperate with US and follow it. Europe on these types of subjects, considers inevitably a complementary role of America for itself at least for some time. So a sense that at the time was applied in Germany is also true about the current Union: European Union is an economic giant and a political dwarf that lacks the characteristics of a great and perfect power. It seems that no issue had been raised as the importance of exit of Britain from the European Union and the effects that it will leave from the end of the Second World War up to now means more than 70 years. Location and history of Britain add to the importance of this issue. The exit of Britain apart from the business and economic consequences can create a political and psychological shock in European developments. As entering of Great Britain took place loudly within a decade (Eventually, in 1973), leaving this country is associated with a lot of coverage in 4 recent years. This issue has been become one of the concerns of circles of Britain and Europe. America and Canada have also repeatedly warned about the negative consequences of this exit that we will discuss it in this paper.

Youth Policy of the European Union and “May 1968”

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
N.V. Bulavintsev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Student Protests ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
May 1968 ◽  
Union History

The article considers the problem in the history of the European Union: what date can be considered the beginning of a youth policy? In reviews of the history of youth policy in the European Union one can frequently find the date “1968”, when a wave of student protests swept across Europe, as a starting point. The article explores the reasons for this role of the May 1968 events. The article gives both a formal and symbolic answer to the question set in the study. Analyzing other studies of the European Union history and documents of the European Communities, the factual and symbolic side of the issue is considered. Using the concept of “places of memory”, coined by Pierre Nora, the author analyzes the symbol of 1968 protests in relation to the history of youth policy of the European Union. Interpreting “1968” as a “place of memory” for European politics, the author comes to the conclusion that the European Union’s youth policy has two starting points: the formal one, which is directly related to the institutionalization of the “youth” social group as a direct object of the European Union’s policy, and the symbolic, which is associated with the recognition of youth as a political entity.

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