scholarly journals Democratic Institutions and Practices and the Impact on Covid-19 Outcomes: Global State of Democracy 2021 Thematic Paper

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. McMann ◽  
Daniel Tisch
Keyword(s):  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Global State ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Despite the narratives of authoritarian states, the concerns of journalists and public intellectuals in democracies, and the results of some early studies, this paper shows that democracies fare no worse than authoritarian regimes in combating the Covid-19 pandemic. Democracy is not associated with higher Covid-19 death rates, nor is it associated with lower vaccination rates. Moreover, among many democratic countries, high levels of key democratic components -such as fundamental rights and impartial administration—seem to help prevent deaths and boost vaccination rates. These conclusions are based on statistical analyses of democracy components, as measured by International IDEA’s Global State of Democracy (GSoD) Indices, and the reported Covid-19 death rates and Covid-19 vaccination rates in all countries of the world with a population of at least one million people.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vaccination Rates on the Infection of COVID-19 under the Vaccination Rate below the Herd Immunity Threshold

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7491
Author(s):  
Yi-Tui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Although vaccination is carried out worldwide, the vaccination rate varies greatly. As of 24 May 2021, in some countries, the proportion of the population fully vaccinated against COVID-19 has exceeded 50%, but in many countries, this proportion is still very low, less than 1%. This article aims to explore the impact of vaccination on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the herd immunity of almost all countries in the world has not been reached, several countries were selected as sample cases by employing the following criteria: more than 60 vaccine doses per 100 people and a population of more than one million people. In the end, a total of eight countries/regions were selected, including Israel, the UAE, Chile, the United Kingdom, the United States, Hungary, and Qatar. The results find that vaccination has a major impact on reducing infection rates in all countries. However, the infection rate after vaccination showed two trends. One is an inverted U-shaped trend, and the other is an L-shaped trend. For those countries with an inverted U-shaped trend, the infection rate begins to decline when the vaccination rate reaches 1.46–50.91 doses per 100 people.

scholarly journals The Impact of Abusive Constitutionalism on Democracy in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Husnul Amin ◽  
Shafiq Qurban ◽  
Maryam Siddiqa
Keyword(s):  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Democratic Rule ◽  
The Impact

This research concerns the constitutional development in Pakistan with a specific reference to 21st Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan. It is widely perceived among scholarly and semi-scholarly circles that the tendency of militarys direct intervention in politics; toppling democratically elected government has been declined for the last many decades across the world. According to the new trends, military interferes in the state affairs through indirect means. One of the indirect means includes abusive constitutionalism that involves constitutional amendment and constitutional replacement as mechanisms for constitutional change. The paper explores whether 21st Amendment to Constitution of Pakistan was an abusive constitutionalism that really empowered military to get a strong hold on key policy making areas of national interest during the democratic rule. The research concludes that the 21st Amendment was an abusive constitutionalism as it curtailed civil liberties and fundamental rights of the citizens and hence undermined democracy in Pakistan.

The Web unravels

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Peter Buell Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Corporation ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Global Corporations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Web

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the splintering of the global internet into sovereign, government-controlled islands on the communications strategies and tactics of global corporations. Design/methodology/approach The approach taken was to review the various ways in which powerful authoritarian regimes such as Russia and China are controlling the Web to dissect the ways in which this could impact corporations. Findings The author believes that unless governments, civil entities and corporations collaborate to develop common standards for free speech and privacy, the Web as we know it today will cease to exist. Research limitations/implications The research is based on selected books and articles reviewed by the author and is not comprehensive. Practical implications Corporations will need to examine the impact of these developments on their own communications needs and strategies to develop the collaborations proposed. Social implications Without a universal global internet, the ability of citizens across the world to exchange ideas and develop strategies to tackle global problems will be severely curtailed. Originality/value The author does not believe that the splintering of the internet has been considered from the perspective of the global corporation.

scholarly journals Democratic Government and Development: A Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piergiuseppe Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Democratic Government ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

Recent decades have witnessed an unprecedented expansion of democracy. During the third wave of democratization, as described by Samuel Huntington, democracy spread well beyond its historical boundaries and it is now adopted in all major regions of the world. Yet, not all democracies are equally effectual in delivering good governance and progrowth policies. Why do democratic institutions induce good governance and prosperity only in some economies? This paper presents an overview of the dimensions along which successful and unsuccessful democracies differ. It argues that four socioeconomic variables are of critical importance to create and maintain a well-functioning democracy: (i) social capital, (ii) information, (iii) education, and (iv) equality. History also plays an important role as do the contingencies characterizing the collapse of authoritarian regimes and the emergence of democratic institutions.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps and Technologies as a tool of Mass Surveillance: A Cure Deadlier than the Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-67
Author(s):  
Arafat Ibnul Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mass Surveillance

“Desperate times call for desperate measures” – COVID-19 contact tracing apps and technology have been operating in the desperate times created by the COVID-19 global pandemic. But the impact of these apps and technology on society is contentious, as the benefit gained from such is said to be largely outweighed by the negative impact it can have during and after the pandemic. Surveillance measures have always been a tricky business. Labeled as the ‘magical solution’ for most horrid problems of our time such as terrorism, crime prevention, it has always failed to live up to its name and has proved to be one of the prominent tools for the authoritarian regimes to oppress people and commit gross human rights violations. Over-reliance on COVID-19 apps and considering them a ‘magical solution’ to containing the spread of Coronavirus can have irreversible consequences. Instead, the pandemic and desperate situation posed by it may have provided the regimes around the world an opportunity to introduce new surveillance infrastructures or strengthen the existing ones, which would have taken years and lots of friction from courts, activists, and civil society, to achieve. The article assesses the legality of COVID-19 contact tracing apps and technology and tries to draw a picture of the society that faces the consequences of surveillance and data collected through such apps and technology and looks at how legal mechanisms can cope with such consequences.

scholarly journals Impact and Challenges of Coronavirus on Daily Life and Living: A Cloud Based Communication Assistant during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Shahnawaz Ahmad, Nazim Ali Khan and Shabana Mehfuz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
High Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019, emerged as a hazardous disease that led manycausalities across the world. Maintaining physical distancing, a critical task with minimum trips has become ahot trend nowadays. To keep up with patient care amidst an international crisis that is exhausting online healthcare resources, physical distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic has brought telemonitoring to theforefront. Physical distancing measures are of utmost importance for understanding and managing health-relatedconcerns resulting. Objectives: To describe and analyze the impact, challenges, and solutions of Coronavirus on daily life andlivingassociated with cloud based telemonitoring during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: We presented a cloud-based communication assistant for the treatment of any customers withrecommender systems. Proposed Cloud-Based Communication Assistant (CBCA) aims first to identify thecustomer's query and then based on his/her need to provide better assistant at home. It categorized the customer’squery based on questionnaires. As customer register themselves online on the CBSCA in real time, it createsthe database for the same. Results: This database helps to improve communication accuracy as it contains latest updates from realworldcases data. A team of shopkeepers, vendors, consultants are integrated with the CBCA for better consultationand prevention. Conclusion: The ultimate aim of this proposed theory of CBCA is to take a control over unnecessary trips anddeaccelerate its rate of transmission among the society. Widespread adoption of telemonitoring-favoring policies are necessary and mostly needed to address mental health problems that may arise in areas of high infection and death rates.

scholarly journals Peloponnesian War: Domestic Policy Determinants of Foreign Policy

2016 ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
V. Rozumyk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Peloponnesian War ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New System

The article investigates the common aspects of home policy determinants of foreign policy. The author argues that before the modern political science international relations raises questions about the possibility of aggravation of geopolitical confrontation in the process of alternative models of world order and the impact of the internal heterogeneity of the leading countries in the world in the development of a new system of international relations. On the example of the Peloponnesian War, the internal factors of international relations are reviewed and analyzed, the inadequacy and inaccuracy of many of the stereotypes of the theory of international relations, inspired liberal propaganda are clearly demonstrated. Falseness of the statements about the innate aggressiveness of authoritarian regimes is proved, the position about an inherent pacifism of democracies is refuted.

scholarly journals Electronic government, digital invisibility and fundamental social rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (85) ◽  
pp. 30-50
Author(s):  
Justo Reyna ◽  
Emerson Gabardo ◽  
Fabio de Sousa Santos
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Bibliographic Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
The Impact

The article aims to analyze the impact of the digitalization of Public Administration activities, labeled Electronic Government, on the ability to fulfill fundamental social rights. It adopts as a base the concept of digital invisibility, defined as the inability to have access to the digital government, mainly based on empirical data to access the world wide web. It uses the deductive methodology from the bibliographic analysis about the matter. It verifies the hypothesis that the use of technological tools as unique mediators poses a particular risk to social rights due to digital invisibility. Taking into account the objective dimension of fundamental rights, it concludes that the State must guarantee digital access broadly, especially to vulnerable groups. State recipients should not be imposed insurmountable obstacles in the search for the fulfillment of constitutional promises.

Coronavirus and the Law in Europe

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
World Health ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

On 30 January 2020, in response to the globalisation of COVID-19, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The deadly outbreak has caused unprecedented disruption to travel and trade and is raising pressing legal questions across all disciplines, which this book attempts to address. <br><br>The aims of this book are twofold. First, it is intended to serve as a 'toolbox' for domestic and European judges, who are now dealing with the interpretation of COVID-19-related legislation and administrative measures, as well as the disruption the pandemic has caused to society and fundamental rights. Second, it aims to assist businesses and citizens who wish to be informed about the implications of the virus in the existence, performance and enforcement of their contracts. <br><br><i>Coronavirus and the Law in Europe</i> is probably the largest academic publication on the impact of pandemics on the law. This academic endeavour is a joint, collaborative effort to structure the recent and ongoing legal developments into a coherent and pan-European overview on coronavirus and the law. It covers practically all European countries and legal disciplines and comprises contributions from more than 80 highly reputed European academics and practitioners.

scholarly journals Do Civil Liberties Really Matter During Pandemics?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-98
Author(s):  
Conrad Nyamutata
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Control ◽  
The Core ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (covid-19) in December 2019 precipitated public health control measures in many states across the world. The impact of covid-19 was as unprecedented as were the measures introduced by states to control it. The outbreak provides an opportunity to analyse responses of states to pandemics. At the core of this article is the question whether civil liberties matter during pandemics. A rights-based approach is founded on human rights protected in international human rights treaties. In cases of massive disease outbreaks, states adopt and enforce typically radical measures to contain the spread of the infection. After the outbreak of covid-19, a range of restrictions was imposed by the affected states. However, in the haste to contain a rapidly spreading pandemic, human rights are potentially vulnerable to violations. This article assesses the responses to the pandemic by states within the context of human rights. As the article seeks to illustrate, in times of pandemics, the law on management of pandemics does not favour human rights observance. Even states with deep-rooted democratic cultures resort to illiberal responses. The rhetoric of inalienability of rights becomes hollow as even traditional democratic states mimic authoritarian regimes.

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