scholarly journals Vital Problems of the Career Guidance Work in Higher Education Establishments: The Socio-Economic Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
H. B. Cherusheva ◽  
А. V. Syniakov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Essential Change ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Migration

The latest years are marked by the considerably aggravated demographic situation in Ukraine, which enhanced the competition among higher education establishments (HEEs) on the education services market and intensified the vocational guidance work in HEEs among student youth. The vocational guidance work, gaining special significance as early as in times of Ukraine’s transition to the market economy, still remains an important element of the government policy. It helps identify and purposefully develop talents and inclinations of a person, his/her professional and cognitive interests regarding the choice of future specialty, effectively increase his/her social and professional mobility and form his/her needs and willingness to labor activities. The authors justify the need for essential change in the higher education system of Ukraine. The social background for the professional choice, the dynamics of value orientations and values of student youth, specifics of the vocational guidance work in HEEs are studied by case of the National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Audit (NASAA). Details of the system for vocational guidance work in NASAA are given, with formulating its core objectives and outlining the phases and areas of implementation. Results of a survey lead the authors to the conclusion about a gap between the needs of the labor market in highly skilled specialists, on the one hand, and the professional orientations and choices of student youth, on the other, resulting in a higher probability of casual entrances of applicants to HEEs. This gives birth to moral and psychological collisions of the personal nature, with the subsequent dissatisfaction with the chosen profession, staff turnover and migration of young specialists across economic sectors. It is revealed that full-fledged and comprehensive information and education efforts and qualified vocational guidance services on professional choice rendered to student youth can be most effective given the concerted actions of HEEs, schools and other social institutes.   The authors’ studies allow them to identify problematic points in the vocational guidance work and outline the main areas of further improvements in the vocational guidance.

scholarly journals Creating World-Class Universities in Japan: Policy and Initiatives

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Oba
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Higher Education Reform ◽  
Develop World ◽  
Funding Policy ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Government ◽  
World Class Universities

For a very long time the Japanese government concentrated its higher education investment on a handful of national institutions, until the policy came to be called into question in the late 1980s in the face of globalisation and other factors. Higher education reform was significantly accelerated in the 1990s: the government has continuously deregulated the higher education system including the incorporation of national universities, and has brought more and more competition through diverse competitive funding schemes. Some policies – not only higher education policies but also science and technology ones – were explicitly designed to develop ‘world-class’ education and research centres, such as the 21st COE programme. This article suggests that although a funding policy based on competition, with a strict evaluation, seems to be a move in the right direction, a right balance of budget allocation between competitive funds and basic education-research funds should be sought. Furthermore, the programmes of the government have to be offered in a more consistent manner, and more concerted and integrated efforts will be required, to address the critical problem of building world-class universities.

scholarly journals Appearance and Development of Short-Term Higher Education Vocational Training in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Barbara Máté-Szabó ◽  
Dorina Anna Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Comparative

Abstract Introduction: This article examines the first level of the European higher education system, namely the short-cycle higher education trainings related to the ISCED 5 whose Hungarian characteristics, and its historical changes were described. Methods: We examined participation rates among OECD countries. As there are large differences in the short-cycle higher education trainings in Europe, we have relied on data that makes the different systems comparable. Results and discussion: The interpretation, definition and practical orientation of the trainings varies from country to country, we presented the Hungarian form in connection with the results of international comparative studies and data. To understand the role of trainings, it is essential to get to know their history, especially because short-term higher educational trainings were transformed in several European countries. Conclusions: Prioritising or effacing the social-political role of short-cycle higher education trainings depending on the political orientation of the government and as a part of this, prioritising the disadvantaged regions instead of the disadvantaged students.

scholarly journals The Thorny Excellence Initiative in India

2018 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Altbach ◽  
Rahul Choudaha
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Research University ◽  
High Impact ◽  
University Rankings ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Excellence Initiative ◽  
Impact Research ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Government

India enrolls 35 million students in its large and complex higher education system. In its ambition to enter world-class university rankings, the government has identified six “Institutions of Eminence.” The case of the “greenfield” Jio Institute exemplifies the thorny policy landscape and expectations of building a high-impact research university.

scholarly journals MODERN FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE WORK WITH GRADUATES OF GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND STUDENTS OF JUNIOR COURSES IN HIGHER EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Вячеславович Савельев ◽  
Игорь Леонидович Скрипник ◽  
Юрий Геннадьевич Ксенофонтов
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

Введение. Правильный и рациональный выбор своей будущей профессии является определяющим фактором в жизни любого человека. Большинство абитуриентов на момент поступления в какой-либо вуз зачастую не имеет представления о роде деятельности, не может проанализировать все позитивные и негативные стороны работы, что препятствует выбору подходящей им специальности ввиду отсутствия интересов и склонностей к данному виду занятий. Решением проблемы здесь может выступить профориентационная работа. Цель – обосновать целесообразность проведения вузами профориентационной работы для оказания помощи абитуриентам в выборе будущей профессиональной деятельности на примере Санкт-Петербургского университета государственной противопожарной службы МЧС России. Материал и методы. Для оценки значимости профориентации в Санкт-Петербургском университете ГПС МЧС России был проведен ряд экспериментов. Объектом исследования был выбран контингент из бакалавров, магистров и профессорско-педагогического состава. Цель проведения экспериментов – определение облика выпускника – высококвалифицированного специалиста методом проведения анкетирования. Результаты и обсуждение. Полученные статистические данные рассчитывались при помощи специальной компьютерной программы. Проводится анализ профориентационной работы в вузе: ее актуальность, значимость, необходимость для обучающихся. Приводится анализ исследований, проведенный в трех группах (бакалавров, магистров и профессорско-преподавательского состава), по определению облика будущего специалиста. Показывается подход к ее проведению в выпускных классах школ, во время «Дня открытых дверей» в аудиториях, учебном центре. Профориентационная работа позволит привлечь в Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России значительно больше поступающих по специальности «Пожарная безопасность» и направлению подготовки «Техносферная безопасность», тем самым поднять рейтинг вуза, а абитуриентам сделать правильный выбор в определении будущей профессии. Заключение. Профориентация должна явиться одним из основных инструментов, позволяющим абитуриентам понять, осмыслить, оценить свои желания, возможности, сопоставить их с требованиями, предъявляемыми к данной специальности в вузе. Introduction. The right and rational choice of the future profession is the determining factor in the life of any person. Most applicants at the time of admission to a university often have no idea of the type of activity, cannot analyze all the positive and negative aspects of the work, which therefore prevents them from choosing a suitable specialty due to lack of interests and propensity for this type of occupation. The solution to the problem here can be career guidance work. Aim and objectives. The purpose of the article is to justify the expediency of conducting vocational guidance work by universities to assist applicants in choosing future professional activities on the example of Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia. Result and discussion. A number of experiments were carried out to assess the importance of vocational guidance at the Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia. The subject of the study was a contingent of bachelors, masters and the teaching staff of the faculty. The purpose of the experiments is to determine the appearance of a highly qualified graduate by means of a questionnaire. The statistics obtained were calculated using a special computer program. The article analyses vocational guidance work in the university: its relevance, importance, necessity for students. The analysis of studies carried out in three groups: bachelor, master and faculty to determine the appearance of the future specialist is given. An approach to its implementation in the final grades of schools, during the «Open Day» in classrooms, in the training center is shown. Vocational guidance work will allow to attract to Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia much more applicants in the specialty «Fire safety» and the direction of preparation «Technospheric safety», thus to raise the rating of the university, and applicants to make the right choice in determining the future profession. Conclusion. Authors consider that career guidance has to be one of the main tools allowing entrants to understand, comprehend, estimate the desires, opportunities, to compare them with requirements imposed to this specialty in higher education institution.

scholarly journals HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY: AMBITIONS AND GOALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
V.S. Akimova ◽  
◽  
S.S. Atlasova ◽  
K.E. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Japan is a developing country but is getting diffi cult to hold in leadership 21st century. The domestic lack of raw materials fosters the government to count on competitive power of science and the higher education system. Japanese system of higher education must become demanded in the world. The history of Hokkaido University, the oldest institution in the country and is being modernized at present, is reviewed. It is noted that various mid-term and long-term measures have been developed and implemented. The university partakes in diff erent activities to raise the university international rating.

scholarly journals Current state and problems of vocational guidance of young people in Ukraine and Canada

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Nataliia Оshurkevych ◽  
Zinaida Potikha
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
Guidance Services ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Government

The article highlights the relevance of carrying out work on career guidance among the population and the importance of creating an effective system of vocational guidance. The brief history of the background of the birth and formation of vocational guidance in Ukraine and career development in Canada as well as the construction of a state system of professional orientation in these countries at the present stage are presented in this thesis. The concept of professional orientation as a system of interrelated economic, social, medical, psychological and pedagogical measures directed on activation of the process of professional self-determination of the person is presented. The views of modern scholars on the problems of professional orientation in Ukraine are analyzed. The activity of the government and public organizations in the field of career guidance of the population is explored. It is concluded that in Ukraine today there is no general vision of the development of professional orientation and clear quality criteria and a system of measurement of the effectiveness of providing vocational guidance services, and state bodies provide unsystematic services for professional orientation to different segments of the population. The essence of the concept of Career Development is the lifelong process of managing learning, work, leisure, and transitions in order to move towards a personally determined and evolving preferred future. It has been found that in Canada one notices a convergence of four sectors of society: government, education, organized labor and the non-profit-making sector. It has been established that a number of state, non-governmental and international organizations and projects have been created and effectively functioning in Canada’s Career Development, and their effective interaction has allowed to strengthen and develop a career development and career guidance. The role of career tutors using the latest career development strategies adapted to the diverse population of Canada is highlighted. A number of differences in the vocational guidance of Ukraine and Canada are revealed, which is connected with different historical, social and economic development of the countries.

scholarly journals Value orientations of the Bologna process (1988-2009): regulatory aspect

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Iryna Reheilo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Student Centered Learning ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Process Formation ◽  
The Bologna Process

The value orientations of the Bologna process and these values’ implementation tools are revealed based on the analysis of international regulations. It is established that the Bologna process fundamental values are academic freedom, institutional (university) autonomy, indivisibility of teaching and research, preservation of the European humanism traditions. It is grounded that the following values were introduced in the list during the first decade of reforming the participating countries’ higher education: student centered learning, quality and innovative character of higher education, state responsibility for higher education and social equity, etc. It is enlightened that in accordance with the generally accepted values there was initiated the development of common, comparable indicators for determining the higher education institutions’ achievements in implementing the Bologna process principles. It made it possible not only to highlight the state of the European Higher Education Area development in the middle of the Bologna process, but also to identify the challenges and problems of higher education in general and to prevent their unpredictable consequences. It is proved that the established value orientations of the Bologna process for the higher education system provided an appropriate reflection on the academic staff activities and their following the corresponding requirements. Taking into account the positive results of the higher education reforming during the Bologna process formation and development in 1988-2009 the higher education value priorities for the next decade are defined, which should be implemented in all directions.

scholarly journals The Bologna Process Engagement of Ukraine: Twelve Years Towards the European Educational Process

2017 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Evgen Khan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Bologna Declaration ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Bologna Process

The integration and deepening cooperation with Europe within the scope of higher education remains essential for the European integrative aspirations of Ukraine. For years, our country has been a strategic partner of Europe. Since Ukraine gained its independence, the government kept on declaring ambitions to implement the European principles in all sectors of life. So does it concerning the sphere of higher education. In 2005 Ukraine signed the Bologna Declaration and therefore officially joined the Bologna process. To this end, Ukraine assumed obligations to partake in reforming the system of higher education and to implement the European standards of education therein. For many years Ukraine was closely cooperating with European countries within the framework of science and education. Over twenty five years a series of international agreements have been signed between Ukraine and the countries of Europe, both at governmental level and that of the Ministries of Education. Moreover, a number of interdepartmental agreements have been signed at the academic level. May 19, 2017 marks the twentieth anniversary of the Bologna declaration accession of Ukraine. Twenty years of experience of Ukraine’s participation in the Bologna process still generate interest and provoke discussions within the Ukrainian society, foremost in the academic world, as well as among students, professors, politicians, officials, analysts and experts. This article investigates the key elements of Ukraine’s participation in the Bologna process. It as well covers the European-oriented reform of the higher education system for over ten years and analyses the efficacy and success thereof. The article emphasizes benefits and drawbacks of Ukraine’s joining the Bologna process.

scholarly journals An entrepreneurial education model for the Namibian Higher Education system

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ras ◽  
M. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Education System ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Education Model ◽  
The Government

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to develop an entrepreneurial education model for implementation in the Namibian Higher Education system. Namibia, just like South Africa, has an objective to develop small, medium and micro enterprises to enhance economic growth and reduce unemployment. Development of such a model is supported by the government of Namibia. This paper investigates appropriate entrepreneurial education models used in South Africa for this purpose.Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is an exploratory research design based upon secondary data mainly provided by the Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit (NEPRU) that enabled the researcher to understand and identify the problems that Namibia encounter in their small business environment. Theories, as developed by the University of Pretoria based on entrepreneurial education, were explored and formed the base of the theory exploration. Findings : The researcher investigated an existing entrepreneurial education model being used for the South African context, as well as a comparison of two models, and an integrated model based on the cited models. These models are used to show the importance of such models and the need to develop one for Namibia. Implications: This paper presents a model that can solve the basic need expressed by the Namibian Higher Education System to find an appropriate model to implement. Originality/Value: This paper provides a foundation from which an entrepreneurial education model can be implemented and improved / customised for the Namibian context.

scholarly journals Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Tinggi di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-175
Author(s):  
Andi Arif Rifa'i
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Quality Assurance System ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Assurance System ◽  
The Government

Quality assurance is an important part of the higher education system which ensures that the effort to achieve quality is in accordance with the quality standards set by the government. The problem of the low quality of human resources of a nation is a manifestation of the inability of the quality assurance system to work effectively. Application of a model that is less effective in quality assurance, will have an impact on achieving the quality of Education. In Indonesia, various changes in the regulation of the quality assurance system began in 2006 - until now, basically both conceptually but not optimally in implementation. Internal and external quality assurance of higher education (HE) institutions has not produced satisfactory results, with the still low competitiveness of HE graduates and the competitiveness of the nation's human resources.

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