scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING MECHANISM IN THE RURAL AREAS DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ROSTOV REGION)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Podgorskaya ◽  
◽  
T. A. Miroshnichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Rural And Urban

Purpose: to determine the level of involvement and the effectiveness of the participation of rural settlements of municipal districts in regional programs of initiative budgeting. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of this research is dialectical, formal-logical, statistical methods. The empirical basis of the study was made up of data from the reports of the Center for Initiative Budgeting of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Federal State Statistics Service for Rostov Region, the results of the regional competition of initiative budgeting projects and reports of the regional government on their implementation. Results. The region has developed a legislative and regulatory framework for the initiative budgeting development. The diagnostics of the participatory budgeting development in rural areas of Rostov region is presented: the sources and amounts of initiative projects financing of villages and cities are determined, the ratio of the participating in the competition and the winning projects of rural settlements of municipal districts is determined, the amount of financing of initiative projects from the local budget per one villager is determined. The ratings of the municipal districts of Rostov region for 2020 and 2021 have been prepared by the level of activity of rural settlements and the effectiveness of their participation in initiative budgeting projects. Conclusions: the key factors hindering the development of civic participation of villagers in public finance management have been identified: low level of institutional trust of the rural population, insufficient social activity of villagers in resolving issues of local importance, significant income differentiation of rural and urban residents, low income of local budgets, insufficient competencies of local governments for the preparation of initiative projects. Improving the participatory budgeting mechanism in the region will have positive consequences for socio-economic development of rural areas.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

Retrospect of Settlement Pattern in Yakutia Based on Analysis of Population Censuses

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Gavrilyeva ◽  
E. A. Kolomak ◽  
A. I. Zakharov ◽  
K. V. Khorunova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Rural And Urban

The article assesses the intensity of transformation of settlement pattern in Yakutia, the largest northern region of Russia, based on an analysis of 1939-2010 censuses and contemporary statistics. Scope of the work includes the following: to assess key socio-economic results of rural and urban settlement pattern transformation in the 20th century, to determine the most persistent primary units of settlement pattern, and to identify current trends in the settlement pattern of Yakutia. The research database was built based on digitization of Federal State Statistics Service in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population censuses archives. The period under review shows a trend toward larger size of settlements due to two parallel processes: urbanization as a result of industrial development, and compression of rural settlement system due to amalgamation of rural settlements. From 1939 to the present time, Yakutia’s settlement system has been evolving from dispersed type to large settlement type. There were two major waves in the structuring of space in Yakutia. During the first one, caused by industrialization and complete collectivization, shrinking of rural settlement system was accompanied by setup of rural and urban settlements; it started in the 1930s and lasted until late 1950s. The second wave, concurrent with controlled compression of rural settlement pattern as part of elimination of unpromising sovkhoz state farms, was associated with a full-scale development of urban settlement pattern under planned Soviet deployment. Starting from 2002, market mechanisms have changed the direction of development of settlement system and spatial structure of economic activity. Despite several constraints, which include high transportation costs, focal development, key role of mining and resource sector, distinctive features of traditional economies and agriculture, agglomeration processes have gained momentum in the region. Spatial concentration of population is taking place at relatively high rates, primarily in the core of the system - Yakutsk agglomeration. Compression capacity of settlement system in the region is far from being exhausted, as evidenced by behavior of Theil and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices, as well as by average population density of settlements.

scholarly journals Examine the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 263355652110281
Author(s):  
John S. Moin ◽  
Richard H. Glazier ◽  
Kerry Kuluski ◽  
Alex Kiss ◽  
Ross E.G. Upshur
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Indicator Framework

Background: Multimorbidity, often defined as having two or more chronic conditions is a global phenomenon. This study examined the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings. The prevalence of individual diseases was also investigated by age and sex. Methods: The Canada Community Health Survey and linked health administrative databases were used to examine the association between multimorbidity, sociodemographic, behavioral, and other risk factors in the province of Ontario. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to conduct the main analysis. Results: Analyses were stratified by age (20–64 and 65–95) and area of residence (rural and urban). A total sample of n = 174,938 residents between the ages of 20–95 were examined in the Ontario province, of which 18.2% (n = 31,896) were multimorbid with 2 chronic conditions, and 23.4% (n = 40,883) with 3+ chronic conditions. Females had a higher prevalence of 2 conditions (17.9% versus 14.6%) and 3+ conditions (19.7% vs. 15.6%) relative to males. Out of all examined variables, poor self-perception of health, age, Body Mass Index, and income were most significantly associated with multimorbidity. Smoking was a significant risk factor in urban settings but not rural, while drinking was significant in rural and not urban settings. Income inequality was associated with multimorbidity with greater magnitude in rural areas. Prevalence of multimorbidity and having three or more chronic conditions were highest among low-income populations. Conclusion: Interventions targeting population weight, age/sex specific disease burdens, and additional focus on stable income are encouraged.

scholarly journals Rural Accessibility, Rural Development, and Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Ahmed ◽  
Elizabeth Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Rural accessibility means more than just reliable roads and cost-effective transportation networks. Rural accessibility is critical for achieving social and economic development in low-income developing countries such as Bangladesh where both rural and urban development are constrained by significant infrastructural deficiencies. It is also an important factor that determines the effects of natural disasters on these resource-constrained societies, since both disaster responses and sustainable development are compromised by poor rural accessibility. Using two contrasting case studies from Bangladesh, this article reveals the significance of improved rural accessibility on rural development and the effects of natural disasters on rural areas. The findings of this article suggest that the improvement of rural accessibility should be a top national development priority, since it increases the opportunities for sustainable social and economic development and reduces the adverse effects of natural disasters on the rural areas in developing countries such as Bangladesh.

Urban Renewal Policy and Community Change

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Baber
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Federal State ◽  
American Business ◽  
Market Values ◽  
State And Local

Throughout the 1960s and 1970s federal, state, and local governments worked together to implement policies that expanded the nation's highway systems, encouraged suburban expansion, and funded wholesale clearance projects in so-called slum and depressed inner city areas. These policies created programs that directly affected African Americans in cities all over the United States by targeting older neighborhoods, eliminating affordable (though substandard) housing, dislocating families and extended networks, and replacing what existed with highway overpasses, widened city streets, massive sewer projects, parks, and public housing. The residents of the affected neighborhoods were not involved in the planning, much of which took place years before the programs were implemented, and their voices were not well represented at public hearings. Absentee land owners, who leased properties to African Americans, capitalized on Urban Renewal opportunities, selling their holdings or allowing them to be claimed by condemnation or eminent domain for "fair market values." Those who were displaced had few options for relocation and resettled in other areas where they could find affordable housing, creating new low-income neighborhoods where they were once again tenants of absentee landlords. Traditional services—beauty and barber shops, medical offices and other businesses—were dispersed and people found it harder to conduct business with their friends and neighbors. Streets were broken up by highways, and people without transportation could no longer walk to the traditional business areas. Consumer activity was dispersed to new areas in cities, weakening the African American business foundation and causing many businesses to fail.

scholarly journals Economic and social activities: basis for a model of development of rural border areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
B B Sharaldaev ◽  
V G Belomestnov ◽  
I A Sharaldaeva ◽  
I V Romanova ◽  
V V Budazhapov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Innovation Economy

Abstract In this paper we revealed the problems of development of border rural areas, causing their low economic and social attractiveness. We determined that the development of border rural areas involves the formation of mechanisms for the growth of economic and social activity. The methodological basis of the study is the concept of development of border rural settlements as the most important parts of the economic space. This development is based on the integrated use of economic, social and environmental resources while launching innovative and diversification projects as part of the regional development strategy. We showed the need to form a network of growth centres throughout the region, just as competing for economic, social and environmental resources, so complementing each other in terms of integrated use of resources. The global mission of border rural areas in the innovation economy as well as possible incentives to increase the socio-economic attractiveness of rural areas have been identified. The need for state support for cross-border rural areas was economically justified by identifying opportunity costs. A policy of “smart” protectionism and its effectiveness for the development of border rural areas was described. We proposed a model and main mechanisms for the development of economic, social and environmental activity in the border rural areas. We also revealed the specifics of development of border rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia where world heritage sites are located.

scholarly journals RURAL TERRITORIES OF KAZAKHSTAN: REALITIES, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Bakhyt Kalykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Effective Development

The study deals with the formation of a model of sustainable and effective development of agriculture and rural areas as the main task of implementing the State agricultural policy. The relevance of the tasks set by the author lies in considering the living conditions in the countryside as an integrated approach to the country's economy in order to diversify the types of activities in rural areas, create new sources of income. The directions representing a new economic paradigm of rural development in Kazakhstan are justified. The ways of implementing a comprehensive policy are shown, which consists in the partnership of public structures, local governments, public organizations and private sector, so that in the future, rural areas will become the most important socioeconomic and ecological subsystem of society. One of the key issues in the development of a model of modernization of the Kazakh countryside - the methodology for assessing the strategy and taken measures are highlighted. It is noted that monitoring of a wide variety of regional situations in rural settlements is of great scientific importance in creating a reliable and objective basis for developing substantiated measures to improve the quality of life of the rural population and determining priorities. The author states that the implementation of the "Auyl - El besigi" program contributes to the development of support and satellite villages, which have the potential to increase the level of life and well-being of rural residents, modernize the social infrastructure of the SNP JSC "Fund for Financial Support of Agriculture" allocated significant amounts to ensure employment of the rural population. The program condition in the funded projects should be startups, proposals for non-agricultural areas of expansion of activities in rural areas.

scholarly journals The Development of Chosen Social and Economic Indicators in Rural Areas of the Slovak Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Marián Kováčik ◽  
Eva Žuffová
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Study Development

Abstract The focus of the following article was to study development of certain social and economic indicators in Slovakia. We focused this paper on two types of regions in Slovakia, urban and rural. For this purpose we decided to measure the development of inhabitants in rural and urban areas as well as median age of the population. We also partially focused on the sector of agriculture since it used to play an important role in rural areas as a key employer. We found that there is a trend of moving people from urban to rural areas and that agriculture is losing its key role because of decreasing employment trend. This can be caused by low attractiveness of this sector and low income which, nowadays, plays an important role in finding a job.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONSUMSI PANGAN TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI LAMPUNG

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meliyanah Meliyanah ◽  
Suhatmini Hardyastuti ◽  
Djuwari Djuwari
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

This research diamed to: 1) knowing the selft-price elasticity, cross-price elasticity and income elasticity of consumption per food item on household level according to location and income level; and 2) knowing the reation between level of income and food consumption on household level according to location and income level.This research used data from SUSENAS of Lmapung Province in 2002 with number of sample of 2091 household, which being differed between rural and urban areas based on low, middle, and high level of income. The data analysis used tobit model and sensored regression.The result showed that: 1) the demand of rice and beeh for household consumption in every level of income in rural and urban areas were inelastic; 2) Coen only been consumed by low income level household in rural areas and the demand was inelastic; 3) the demand of cassava for household consumption on low income level in urban area was elastic, While in middle income level, high income level and every level of income in rural area, cassava demand was inelastic. Cassava was considered as inferior goods; 4) The demand of fish for household consumption an every level of income in rural and urban areas was elastic. Household in rural area on every level of income and in urban areas on middle and high income level consider fish as a main necessity. While on low income level  household in urban areas, it was considered as classy/exclusive good; 5) the demand of chicken; for household in rural areas on middle and high income level was inelastic. When in rural low income level and urban middle and high income level, was inelastic chicken meat was considend as classy/exclusive good the rural low income level household; 6) egg demand for household consumption in rural areas on every level of income was inelastic, while in urban area it was elastic for every level income; 7) the rural and urban household on every level of income considered rice as the stpale food; 8) Household in rural and urban areas on middle and high level of income considered beef as main necessity; 9) On household with middle income level in rural areas, egg was considere as inferior good; while an low income level in urban areas, egg was considere as expensive good.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of educational results of students of rural and urban schools on the example of the Tomsk region

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Анна Викторовна Пивоварова ◽  
Елена Евгеньевна Сартакова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Education System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
School Students ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
State Educational

В России в начале XXI в. развитие системы общего образования, соответствующей запросам формирующегося информационного общества, в условиях сельской местности осуществлялось в процессе реализации различных концепций и программ (реструктуризации, введения профильного обучения, Комплексного проекта модернизации образования, модернизации региональных образовательных систем, внедрение Федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов общего образования (далее ФГОС) и др.), что обусловило развитие инновационных процессов не только в области содержания образования, способов его реализации, но и организации процессов обучения и воспитания. Так, реализация Национального проекта «Образование», предполагает решение задач по созданию системы общего образования, входящей в 10-ку лучших в мире. В данной статье проведен сравнительный анализ образовательных результатов обучающихся сельских и городских школ. Образовательные достижения учеников сельских школ отличаются от тех, которые показывают обучающиеся городских, и обусловлены различными факторами. В условиях сельских территорий особенно значимым становится взаимодействие основных участников отношений в сфере образования между собой: педагогический и управляющий состав школы, обучающиеся, их родители, органы управления образованием муниципального и регионального уровней. In Russia at the beginning of the XXI century . the development of a general education system that meets the needs of the emerging information society in rural areas was carried out in the process of implementing various concepts and programs (restructuring, introduction of specialized training, a comprehensive education modernization project, modernization of regional educational systems, introduction of Federal State Educational Standards of General Education (hereinafter referred to as the Federal State Educational Standard), etc.), which led to the development of innovative processes not only in the field of educational content, ways of its implementation, but also the organization of the processes of education and upbringing. Thus, the implementation of the National Project "Education" involves solving the tasks of creating a general education system that is among the top 10 in the world. In this article, a comparative analysis of the educational results of students of rural and urban schools is carried out. The educational achievements of rural school students differ from those shown by urban students, and are due to various factors. In the conditions of rural areas, the interaction of the main participants in relations in the field of education among themselves becomes especially significant: the pedagogical and administrative staff of the school, students, their parents, educational authorities at the municipal and regional levels.

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