scholarly journals Atypical forms of work and business in the creative industry of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Ivana Ljevak Lebeda ◽  
Kornelija Mlinarević ◽  
Jasna Horvat

Starting from the insight into atypical forms of work as well as new / alternative business models specific to the creative industry (CI) sectors of the European Union, the paper researches self-employment in the creative industry and volunteering as a prerequisite for self-employment. The creative industry is considered as industry of economically developed countries as well as the prototype industry, whose “recipes” are multiplied in underdeveloped countries and thus materialized for mass distribution. The methodology of the work applied three different groups of methods adapted to hypotheses. The first hypothesis states that EU research indicates business constraints / characteristics in the creative industry. In order to test this hypothesis by meta-analysis of the collected sources, key business constraints in the creative industry were separated, and then atypical forms of work emerged from them. The second hypothesis was tested by descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis of secondary data. It is about analyzing secondary data in a newly formed file constructed for the purposes of this research. The file combines secondary sources of data on cultural statistics (European Union) and GII - Global Innovation Indices (WIPO), which were used to test the hypothesis that self-employment as an atypical form of work in culture is related to the level of the Global Innovation Index (GII).

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198
Author(s):  
Viktorija Šipilova

Abstract Currently, the issues on sustainability receive extremely high interest, especially from young generation. This makes universities as key participants in sustainable development as far as they provide wide possibilities for engagement in the process. Despite many studies devoted to universities as participants of sustainable development, there still is insufficient knowledge about their contribution to the process. Mostly, studies are qualitative and consider certain examples of good practices, which do not provide insights on common and different characteristics and trends of universities’ contribution to sustainable development. This is the result of the early stage of development of the reporting about universities’ sustainable efforts what limits possibilities to carry quantitative analysis. The paper aims, first, to search for characteristics of universities’ contribution to sustainable development and, second, to detect trends by using numerical secondary data worked up in UI GreenMetric World University Ranking. The paper focuses on universities from European Union. Special attention is devoted to countries’ economic development level as far as scientific literature suggests that the level of economic development may affect involvement in sustainable development. Research findings allows to indicate that there are both common and distinct characteristics across the cases from economically high and less developed countries what is significant for further policy-making and popularizing of sustainability idea across universities in the European Union. Universities continue to improve practices and search for new accents. However, universities’ intention to report about their sustainable efforts in long-term perspective for continuing data collection must be more active.


Author(s):  
Kaja Meh ◽  
Gregor Jurak ◽  
Maroje Sorić ◽  
Paulo Rocha ◽  
Vedrana Sember

Current lifestyles are marked by sedentary behaviour; thus, it is of great importance for policymaking to have valid and reliable tools to measure sedentary behaviour in order to combat it. Therefore, the aim of this review and meta-analysis is to critically review, assess, and compile the reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity of the single-item sedentary behaviour questions within national language versions of most commonly used international physical activity questionnaires for adults in the European Union: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. A total of 1749 records were screened, 287 full-text papers were read, and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results and quality of studies were evaluated by the Quality Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaires checklist. Meta-analysis indicated moderate to high reliability (rw = 0.59) and concurrent validity (rw = 0.55) of national language versions of single-item sedentary behaviour questions. Criterion validity was rather low (rw = 0.23) but in concordance with previous studies. The risk of bias analysis highlighted the poor reporting of methods and results, with a total bias score of 0.42. Thus, we recommend using multi-item SB questionnaires and smart trackers for providing information on SB rather than single-item sedentary behaviour questions in physical activity questionnaires.


2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
Ivan Vuković

In this paper we researched European Union starting with the Agreement from Maastrich from year 1992, even though the European Union has a long traditional history and its origin is founded on regulations of economical integrations in Europe beginning from the 1950’s through the Roman treaty from year 1957 and the forming of the European Union Committee in year 1965. Further we follow her expansion and introduction of the European economic and monetary policy, to last, the joining perspective of Croatia. According to the Agreement from Maastrich, European Union lies on three posts: 1) Legal-political and regulative post, 2) Economical post, where the forming of European economical and monetary policy is in the first plan, especially the introducing of Euro as the unique European currency, 3) Post of Mutual foreign security policy within European Union. In that context we need to highlight the research conducted here and in European Union, including the world, regarding development of European Union and its economical, legal, political and cultural, as well as foreign diplomatic results, which are all perspectives of European Union. All the scientists and researches which were involved in exploring the development of EU with its modern tendencies and development perspective, agree that extraordinary results are achieved regards to economical, legal, political, foreign-security and diplomatic views, even tough many repercussions exist in progress of some particular members and within the EU as a whole. The biggest controversy arises in the perspective and expanding of European Union regarding ratification of the Constitution of EU from particular country members, but especially after the referendum was refused from two European countries, France and Netherlands. According to some estimates, the Constitution of EU would have difficulty to be adopted in Switzerland and some other Scandinavian countries, but also in Great Britain and other very developed countries. However the European Community and European Union were developing and expanding towards third European countries, regardless of Constitutional non-existence, where we can assume that if and when the Constitution of EU will be ratified, the EU will further develop as one of the most modern communities. This will enable economical development, especially development of European business, unique European market and free trade of goods and services, market of financial capital and labour market in free movement of labour. Being that EU has become one of the most largest dominating markets in the world, it offers a possibility to all new members to divide labour by using modern knowledge and high technology which insure economical, social and political prosperity. This results to forming a society of European countries which will guarantee all rights and freedom of development for all nations and ethnic groups. As well as, all European countries with somewhat less sovereignty, but in international relations will be stronger and significant, not only in sense of economics, but also in politics and military diplomatic relations. Therefore, Croatia has no choice and perspective if she does not join the European Union till year 2010, but until than it needs to create its strategy of economical and scientific-technological development, including demographic development, which will insure equal progress of Croatia as an equal member of European Union.


Author(s):  
Ciprian Iftimoaei ◽  
Cristian-Ionuţ Baciu

In the three decades since the collapse of communism in Romania (1989), human resources have gone through several distinct moments in the process of social and economic transition, from the state economy to the market economy: (1) the period 1990-2007 characterized by declining employment, rising unemployment, low wages, employee poverty, labour migration to developed countries; (2) the period 2007-2019 in which Romanian employees experienced the benefits of the European integration process, which meant economic macrostability, increased foreign investment, projects financed by European operational programs that led to increased living standards, increased employment, labour crisis; (3) the period beginning with the 2020 pandemic year and the economic and social crisis, the effects of which are already quantified by official statistics. This paper proposes a retrospective analysis of the evolution of labour resources in Romania, after joining the European Union. The methodology used combines descriptive statistical analysis (labour resources, activity rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, average net earnings), hierarchical cluster analysis to compare the employment situation in Romania in the year of accession to the European Union (2007) versus the year before the onset of the pandemic crisis (2019) and the simple linear regression analysis, having as an independent variable the „unemployment rate” and as a dependent variable „the number of employees”. Simple linear regression is used not only for teaching purposes, but in addition to testing the link between variables, we wanted to find out how much the number of employees decreases if the unemployment rate increases by one percentage point nationwide. The data used come from the TEMPO Online database of the National Institute of Statistics and were processed with the SPSS.


2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Fleming ◽  
Beate Ramsayer ◽  
Teja Škodič Zakšek

While abortion has been legal in most developed countries for many years, the topic remains controversial. A major area of controversy concerns women’s rights vis-a-vis the rights of health professionals to opt out of providing the service on conscience grounds. Although scholars from various disciplines have addressed this issue in the literature, there is a lack of empirical research on the topic. This paper provides a documentary analysis of three examples of conscientious objection on religious grounds to performing abortion-related care by midwives in different Member States of the European Union, two of which have resulted in legal action. These examples show that as well as the laws of the respective countries and the European Union, professional and church law each played a part in the decisions made. However, support from both professional and religious sources was inconsistent both within and between the examples. The authors conclude that there is a need for clear guidelines at both local and pan-European level for health professionals and recommend a European-wide forum to develop and test them.


2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-123
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Biernat ◽  
Paulina Luiza Dziołak ◽  
Izabela Samson-Bręk

This article presents waste management in the world and in some highly developed countries in the European Union such as Germany, Netherlands, and Sweden. The article presented also waste management systems in these countries, with special attention to the processes of energy use of waste (Waste to Energy - WTE) in existing plants.


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Csilla Polster

The study investigates the economic growth in Central and Eastern Europe in the last 25 years. The economy can be regarded as a substantial topic in any country, but it is even more interesting in developing countries. One of the basic ideas of the European Union is the convergence between member states, namely the reduction of development disparities, which can be achieved through faster economic growth in less‑developed countries. Growth theory is one of the main topics in economics. Its significant importance is because the desire for development is one of the main driving forces of mankind. The aim of the study is to reveal the crucial differences and common features between the growth paths of the eleven Central and Eastern European member states of the European Union. After presenting growth theories, the growth performance of the examined Central and Eastern European member states is pinpointed. During the research, GDP per capita, population, migration, activity rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, foreign direct investment and foreign trade openness are considered.


Author(s):  
Anna Maria Nikodemska-Wolowik

This article discusses the issue of creating regional and country brands by enterprises and of establishing a national brand. The three mentioned flag brand categories have been described in detail and the relations between them have been indicated. The article also makes an attempt at analyzing the factors that form part of the brand identity focusing primarily on the consumer product brands. The identity and image concepts are presented also in a broader perspective as certain attributes that characterize the enterprise itself. The presented considerations refer mainly to Polish companies, but some examples of enterprises from highly developed countries, especially from the European Union, have also been added in order to provide this paper with more practical dimensions. Specific brands offered by national enterprises that may be called country and regional brands have been proposed. Some transformations of the market environment which imply branding activities of the companies have been identified, especially the antiglobalist movement which becomes more and more powerful and its activities directed against big concerns and omnipresent mass brands. Moreover, the consumer ethnocentrism and regional trends opposed to the globalization have been emphasized. Also the important rote of family businesses in developing flag brands has been made evident. The family companies may contribute to maintaining and reinforcing the Polish identity.<br /><br />El presente trabajo se ocupa de los aspectos referentes a la creación de marcas regionales y locales así como del establecimiento de una marca nacional. Las tres categorías de marcas de bandera se han caracterizado detalladamente y se indican las relaciones que existen entre ellas. También se intenta analizar los factores que forman parte de la identidad de marca, con especial atención a las marcas de productos de consumo. Se presentan los conceptos de identidad e imagen desde una perspectiva más amplia como atributos que caracterizan a la empresa. Las reflexiones presentadas se refieren, sobre todo, a las empresas polacas, pero también se citan algunos ejemplos de actividades de compañías localizadas en países altamente desarrollados, en concreto en la Unidad Europea, con el fin de otorgar al artículo una dimensión práctica. Se proponen marcas concretas que ofrecen empresas locales y que pueden denominarse como marcas nacionales o regionales. Se indican los cambios en el entorno del mercado que implican actividades de las empresas en el área de branding, y de modo especial se toma en consideración el cada vez más fuerte movimiento antiglobalizante y sus actividades dirigidas contra grandes consorcios y las omnipresentes marcas de masas. Además se pone de relieve el significado de etnocentrismo de tos consumidores y de las tendencias regionalistas opuestas a la globalización. Del mismo modo, se destaca el importante papel de las empresas familiares en el establecimiento de marcas de bandera. Las empresas familiares podrán contribuir a conservar y reforzar la identidad polaca


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Sorin Burnete ◽  
Abiola E. Ogunmokun

Abstract Industrialization laid the foundation for contemporary civilization but also begot environmental problems, which have been building up and remained unsolved to this day. There is widespread belief that, if industrial manufacturing lies at the root of environment degradation through endless spewing of residual waste, trade among nations is to blame for scattering residual waste the world over. Yet paradoxically, it is the very international trade that might be the ground for major remedies thereto. The 20th century witnessed the shift from free trade to fair trade; it is about time to shift from fair trade to clean trade. Nevertheless, such serious problems had barely been dealt with until the post-World War II period. An awareness-raising effort in this line was made by the European Union (EU) which, since the early 1970s, has been dealing with environmental and social issues, especially the ones deriving from international trade, in a decisive and responsible manner. Still, EU’s new policy in the field of environment protection has a downside in that it affects trade relations with partners from outside the Union, both developing and developed countries, thereby drawing fierce international reaction. The good part is that EU’s actions will most likely prompt other nations to follow suit.


Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Żelazny ◽  
Jacek Pietrucha

Research background: A literature review on innovativeness and institutions pointing to their correlation and the possibility of their joint examination. Purpose of the article: This paper attempts to devise a measurement method for a creative economy, where as a result of feedback between institutions, human capital and technology conditions facilitating the development of creativity are created. Methods: An empirical meta-analysis of indicators characterising innovativeness and institutional environment was carried out, following the hypothesis that at least in part they contain common information on creative economy. Findings and Value added: The new synthetic index, a creative economy index (CEI), was constructed. The study was conducted for a group of 34 economies of the European Union and its associated states for the period of 2005–2014.


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