scholarly journals Field Pea Seed Residue: a Potential Alternative Weed Control Agent

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Marles ◽  
Thomas D. Warkentin ◽  
Frederick A. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pea Seed

Field pea seed from bin cleaning operations stored overwinter on nearby cropland was observed to correlate with weed and crop growth suppression for up to three subsequent years. To explore the phenomenon more explicitly, plant growth suppression trials were undertaken with soil sampled 18 mo apart from two locations that had contained field pea seed residues. Test plant species grown in the residue-affected and nearby residue-free soils were compared in greenhouse experiments. Germination was either fully inhibited or emergence was delayed by more than one week. Dry matter accumulation of test species grown in residue-affected soil was significantly reduced compared to dry matter of these test species grown in residue-free soil (P < 0.0001). Canola and field pea were inhibited more than wheat and green foxtail over both years. Greenhouse trials also revealed that germination of wild oat was inhibited in the residue-affected soils, although wheat and grassy weeds were less suppressed than dicots overall. Significant reductions of weed species diversity and abundance were correlated to residue-affected soils (P < 0.0001) when compared to residue-free soils using multi-response permutations procedures. Germination of wheat and canola seed was inhibited, using aqueous extracts of weathered pea seeds or extracts of the residue-affected soil in bioassays in sterile media. An allelopathic response was proposed to explain the above results, indicating a need for further research on this system. Weed management strategies could be developed with field pea seed residues to provide innovative weed control techniques.

Dry matter accumulation into zygotic seed; a model and its application to artificial seeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvon Le Deunff ◽  
Jacques Loiseau
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Elementary Model ◽  
Pea Seed

AbstractPea seed development on the mother plant consists of three phases, all limited by water concentration (WC). The first (P1) or embryogenesis sensu stricto takes place at constant WC (stable at 80%). During the phase P2, cotyledon filling or maturation, WC decreases linearly from 80 to 55% (physiological desiccation) but the water content stays constant while the dry weight increases until it stops abruptly (at 55% WC), at this time, the seed has almost reached its final dry weight, its maturity mass or physiological maturity. The third phase, P3, consists of a fast desiccation which leads to a WC of 18–14%, where the seed is mature and ready to harvest. Similar events occur in other grain legumes, in cereals where mass maturity is attained at a lower WC (close to 40%) and in other species including crop or weed species. An elementary model of pea seed dry-matter accumulation, based on the constancy of water content (P1) and the linear decrease of WC from 80 to 55% (P2), allows us to define a coefficient α linked to WC and to calculate dry matter changes versus α. This model, taking account of WC in other species, can be generalized easily. Maturation of the somatic embryo, occurring under conditions very close to those present in vivo around the zygotic embryo, follows a pattern of decrease of WC similar to that of the zygotic embryo. We expect that if cell number is similar in the somatic and the zygotic embryo, synseeds will be ready for trade in the near future since control of all the processes that lead to zygotic-like embryoids is now available.

scholarly journals Effects of Baby Corn Density on the Crop and Weed Performance under Different Maize-Soybean Intercropping Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1007-1020
Author(s):  
Thieu Thi Phong Thu ◽  
Tran Thi Thiem ◽  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Pham Van An
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Sole Cropping

This study was conducted to examine the effects of baby corn density on the crop and weed performance under two different maize-soybean intercropping systems. Treatments included four baby corn densities (D1= 138,888 plants ha-1, D2 = 111,111 plants ha-1, D3 = 92,592 plants ha-1, and D4 = 79,365 plants ha-1), and three intercropping methods (P0 = a sole cropping of baby corn, P1 = 1 row of soybean + 1 row of baby corn (density of soybean, 10 plant m-2), and P2 = 2 rows of soybean + 1 row of baby corn (density of soybean, 20 plants m-2)). Physiological characteristics and yield were measured for the baby corn and soybean. The weed species, weed frequency, and the growth of the weeds were recorded at the final harvesting time of the baby corn. The results showed that the yield of soybean and the growth of the weeds were statistically different under the different maize-soybean intercropping systems. Increasing the baby corn density increased the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and cob yield, but did not have a clear effect on the soybean yield under both intercropping methods. In addition, the P2 intercropping method produced significantly higher soybean yield and gave better results of weed growth reduction in comparison with the P1 intercropping method. In the P2 intercropping method, baby corn should be grown at a density of 111,111 plants ha-1 to optimize the population productivity and achieve reasonable weed control for the sustainability of agriculture.

scholarly journals CORRELATIONS AMONG GRAIN YIELD, YIELD AND WEED ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) AS INFLUENCED BY WEED CONTROL METHOD AND POULTRY MANURE RATE IN KANO STATE NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Sani Garko ◽  
K. D. Dawaki ◽  
M. A. Yawale ◽  
I. B. Mohammed ◽  
A. Y. Yaroson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Direct Contribution ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Field trials were conducted during the rainy season of 2017 at Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University and Kano State Livestock development Centre Dangora. To determine the magnitude and nature of the association between growth characters and grain yield of maize, as well as the percentage contribution of each of this independent variable on the dependant variable (yield).The trails consist of six weed control methods, three levels of poultry manure and three varieties of maize. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with variety allocated to the main plot, poultry manure to the sub-plot while weed control method to the sub-sub plot, and was replicated three times.  Grain yield correlated positively and significantly with growth and yield characters evaluated while weed dry weight and weed index were highly negatively correlated. The direct and indirect contributions results indicate that plant height had the highest direct contribution at BUK and Dangora in 2016 and Doka 2017 while plant dry matter accumulation had the highest direct contribution at Dangora in 2017. Cob diameter had the least direct effect in the study; the highest indirect effect was from cob diameter through plant height. The percentage individual contribution to grain yield showed that plant height made the highest contribution at BUK and Dangora in 2016, while cob diameter at both locations and plant dry matter at Dangora resulted in the least contribution. The combined contribution of dry matter and 100-seed weight was the highest positive contribution at BUK and that of plant height via 100-seed weight all in 2016 while cob length via 100-seed weight made the least negative contribution at BUK.

scholarly journals Effects of weed "Reestablishment" after hoeing on corn yields

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
A.C. Oliveira ◽  
O.F. Oliveira ◽  
F.C.L. Freitas ◽  
T.S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Hundred Kernel Weight ◽  
Ground Part ◽  
Weed Removal

Some growers and researchers sustain the idea that regrowth or root setting of some weeds may occur after hoeing, with detrimental effects over corn. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of weed removal from the field, removal after each hoeing, and corn intercropped with gliricidia on weed control and corn yield values. The experimental design consisted of blocks with split-plots and six replicates. Cultivars AG 1051 and BM 2022, planted in the plots, were submitted to the following treatments: no hoeing, two hoeings (at 20 and 40 days after planting), and intercropped with gliricidia. The hoed plots were either submitted to weed removal after the first, second, or both hoeings, or remained without weed removal. In the intercropped treatment, gliricidia was sown by broadcasting at corn planting between the corn rows, at a density of 15 seeds m-2. Twenty-five weed species occurred in the experiment; the most frequent was Digitaria sanguinalis (family Poaceae). The weed control methods tested had similar effects on the cultivars, which were not different from one another with respect to the evaluated traits, except for one-hundred-kernel weight, with cultivar AG 1051 being superior. Weed removal did not influence green corn yield or grain yield. However, the number of kernels/ear was higher in plots where weeds were removed in relation to plots without weed removal, suggesting that weed removal might be beneficial to corn. Besides, a higher dry matter weight was obtained for the above-ground part of weeds removed from the field after the first and second hoeings than the weight of weeds removed after the second hoeing only which, in turn, was higher than the weight of weeds removed after the first hoeing only. Green ear yield, grain yield, and dry matter of the above-ground part of the weeds did not show differences in hoed plots and were superior to the non-weeded plots and the intercropped plots, which were not different from each other; therefore, intercropping with gliricidia did not improve corn yield values.

scholarly journals Weed control via intercropping with gliricidia: I. cotton crop

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
J.C.V. Silva ◽  
L.P. Carvalho ◽  
K.M.B. Silva ◽  
F.C.L. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Uniform Manner

The majority of cotton grown commercially in the world has white lint, but recently, there has been a growing interest in colored lint cotton in several countries, including Brazil. The use of naturally-colored fiber reduces chemical pollution. The objective of this paper was to evaluate cotton cultivar fiber yield in response to weed control via intercropping with gliricídia. Cultivars BRS-Verde (greenish fibers), BRS-Rubi (reddish brown fibers), BRS-Safira (brown fibers), and BRS-187 8H (white fibers) were submitted to the following treatments: no hoeing, two hoeings (at 20 and 40 days after transplanting), and cotton intercropped with gliricídia. In the intercropped treatment, gliricídia was planted between rows of cotton plants, using one seedling pit-1, in pits spaced 50.0 cm apart. Twelve weed species predominated in the experiment, many of them belonging to the Poaceae family. Weeds occurred at different frequencies and in a non-uniform manner in the experimental area. Cultivars did not influence weed dry matter. Intercropping with gliricídia reduced weed dry matter but did not prevent reductions in cotton fiber and seed cotton yield, which were higher in hoed plots. Cultivar BRS Safira had the highest fiber yield, but no differences were observed between cultivars regarding to seed cotton yield.

Growth Stage-Influenced Differential Response of Foxtail and Pigweed Species to Broadcast Flaming

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago M. Ulloa ◽  
Avishek Datta ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Waterhemp ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Green Foxtail

Propane flaming could be an effective alternative tool for weed control in organic cropping systems. However, response of major weeds to broadcast flaming must be determined to optimize its proper use. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, Concord, NE in 2007 and 2008 using six propane doses and four weed species, including green foxtail, yellow foxtail, redroot pigweed, and common waterhemp. Our objective was to describe dose–response curves for weed control with propane. Propane flaming response was evaluated at three different growth stages for each weed species. The propane doses were 0, 12, 31, 50, 68, and 87 kg ha−1. Flaming treatments were applied utilizing a custom-built flamer mounted on a four-wheeler (all-terrain vehicle) moving at a constant speed of 6.4 km h−1. The response of the weed species to propane flaming was evaluated in terms of visual ratings of weed control and dry matter recorded at 14 d after treatment. Weed species response to propane doses were described by log-logistic models relating propane dose to visual ratings or plant dry matter. Overall, response of the weed species to propane flaming varied among species, growth stages, and propane dose. In general, foxtail species were more tolerant than pigweed species. For example, about 85 and 86 kg ha−1were the calculated doses needed for 90% dry matter reduction in five-leaf green foxtail and four-leaf yellow foxtail compared with significantly lower doses of 68 and 46 kg ha−1of propane for five-leaf redroot pigweed and common waterhemp, respectively. About 90% dry matter reduction in pigweed species was achieved with propane dose ranging from 40 to 80 kg ha−1, depending on the growth stage when flaming was conducted. A similar dose of 40 to 60 kg ha−1provided 80% reduction in dry matter for both foxtail species when flaming was done at their vegetative growth stage. However, none of the doses we tested could provide 90% dry matter reduction in foxtail species at flowering stage. It is important to note that foxtail species started regrowing 2 to 3 wk after flaming. Broadcast flaming has potential for control or suppression of weeds in organic farming.

scholarly journals Effect of planting techniques and weed control treatments on growth and yield of wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1534-1539
Author(s):  
Sudesh Devi ◽  
V.S. Hooda ◽  
Jagdev Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Weed Flora

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different planting techniques (conventional drill sowing at 16, 18 and 20 cm row spacing and bed planting with two and three rows in main plots) and weed control treatments (pinoxaden 50 g/ha, ready-mix (RM) of carfentrazone and metsulfuron 25 g/ha and pinoxaden 50 g/ha + RM of carfentrazone and metsulfuron 25 g/ha in subplots) on growth and productivity of wheat. The grain yield under row spacing 18 cm (53.30 q/ha), and 20 cm (52.02 q/ha), and three rows bed planting (51.96 q/ha) were recorded statistically at par with each other and significantly higher than 16 cm (49.37 q/ha) row spacing and two row bed planting (48.53 q/ha). Gross returns (Rs. 95637/ha) and net returns (Rs. 43929/ha) and B:C ratio (1.85) were record-ed higher under 18 cm row spacing compared to other planting techniques. Tank mixed application of pinoxaden 50 g/ha + RM of carfentrazone and metsulfuron 25 g/ha applied at 35 days after sowing (DAS) controlled both grassy and broad leaved weeds effectively with lower values of weed dry matter accumulation (7.67 g/ha) and produced growth parameters, yield attributes and yield (53.16 q/ha) at par with weed free treatment. In light of the results to maximise productivity, 18 cm row spacing may be practiced and tank mix application of pinoxaden (50 g/ha) + RM of carfentrazone and metsulfuron (25 g/ha) is recommended to reduce losses due to complex weed flora in wheat.

Efficacy of Post Emergence Herbicides in Groundnut

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Kakade ◽  
J. P. Deshmukh ◽  
M. S. Solanke ◽  
S. S. Thakare ◽  
W. V. More
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pod Yield

Background: Groundnut encounters severe infestation of weed especially during the early stages of growth due to less crop canopy which allows higher weeds growth and thus crop becomes more susceptible to weed competition. During rainy season, effective and economical weed control is not possible through manual and mechanical weeding due to unfavorable soil conditions and also the unavailability of costly labours. Herbicides have been accepted as cost effective tool to manage weed menace in groundnut. The current study aims to study the efficancy of different post-emergence and pre-mix combination of post-emergence herbicides on weeds, growth and yield of groundnut. Methods: The field experiment was conducted at AICRP Weed Management field, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.) during three consecutive Kharif seasons of 2015- 2017. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of one pre emergence and five different post emergence herbicides and compared with weed free and weedy check. Result: The results revealed that weed free was found most effective to control weeds in groundnut with lowest weed count, weed dry matter of weeds and maximum gross monetary returns (Rs.117641/ha), net monetary returns (Rs.80894/ha). Among the herbicides, application of Imazethapyr + Imazomox 0.10 kg /ha POE 20 DAS produced less weed count and weed dry matter and highest weed control efficiency (80.68%) and lower weed index (6.71% ) as well as maximum growth, yield attributes and pod yield in groundnut over all the other herbicidal treatments viz. plant height (30.25), dry matter accumulation (18.11g), number of pods/plant (32.35) and pod yield (2448 kg/ha) and highest pooled B:C ratio (3.74).

scholarly journals Effect of glyphosate and P on the growth and nutrition of Coffea arabica cultivars and on weed control

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanna Karoline Santos da Costa ◽  
Nagilla Moraes Ribeiro ◽  
Guilherme Cesar Pereira de Moura ◽  
Artur Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
Silvano Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
P Content ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Coffee Plants

AbstractThe effect of the phosphorus (P) and glyphosate interactions on the growth and nutrition of Arabica coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica), as well as on the control of Ipomoea grandifolia and Urochloa decumbens, was evaluated. Catuaí-Amarelo/IAC-62 and Catuaí-Vermelho/IAC-144 cultivars did not show glyphosate poisoning, regardless of the soil P content. However, glyphosate reduced the growth of Catuaí-Vermelho/IAC-144. In addition, the soil P content influenced the height, leaf area and dry matter of Catuaí-Amarelo/IAC-62, and the absorption of P and Ca in both cultivars. On the other hand, glyphosate efficiently controlled U. decumbens but not I. grandifolia. Glyphosate effectiveness on I. grandifolia decreased as the soil P content increased. In addition, the soil P content and the glyphosate influenced the P content in I. grandifolia and U. decumbens plants. The soil P content influenced the growth and absorption of other nutrients by coffee plants as well as glyphosate effectiveness on weed control.

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