Increased Reproductive Capacity of Sprague Dawley Male Rats Assessed from the Number of Leydig Cells, Sertoli Cells, Primary Spermatocytes, and the Diameter of The Seminiferous Tubules through the Effect of Methanol Extract, Soluble and Insoluble Fractions Of N-Hexan Parijoto Fruit (Medinilla Speciosa Blume)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sprague Dawley

A switch in the cellular localization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the rat testis after ethane dimethane sulfonate treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344
Author(s):  
A. Meinhardt ◽  
M. Bacher ◽  
M.K. O'Bryan ◽  
J.R. McFarlane ◽  
C. Mallidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Macrophage Migration

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), one of the first cytokines to be discovered, has recently been localized to the Leydig cells in adult rat testes. In the following study, the response of MIF to Leydig cell ablation by the Leydig cell-specific toxin ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS) was examined in adult male rats. Testicular MIF mRNA and protein in testicular interstitial fluid measured by ELISA and western blot were only marginally reduced by EDS treatment, in spite of the fact that the Leydig cells were completely destroyed within 7 days. Immunohistochemistry using an affinity-purified anti-mouse MIF antibody localized MIF exclusively to the Leydig cells in control testes. At 7 days post-EDS treatment, there were no MIF immunopositive Leydig cells in the interstitium, although distinct MIF immunostaining was observed in the seminiferous tubules, principally in Sertoli cells and residual cytoplasm, and some spermatogonia. A few peritubular and perivascular cells were also labelled at this time, which possibly represented mesenchymal Leydig cell precursors. At 14 and 21 days, Sertoli cell MIF immunoreactivity was observed in only a few tubule cross-sections, while some peritubular and perivascular mesenchymal cells and the re-populating immature Leydig cells were intensely labeled. At 28 days after EDS-treatment, the MIF immunostaining pattern was identical to that of untreated and control testes. The switch in the compartmentalization of MIF protein at 7 days after EDS-treatment was confirmed by western blot analysis of interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules separated by mechanical dissection. These data establish that Leydig cell-depleted testes continue to produce MIF, and suggest the existence of a mechanism of compensatory cytokine production involving the Sertoli cells. This represents the first demonstration of a hitherto unsuspected pattern of cellular interaction between the Leydig cells and the seminiferous tubules which is consistent with an essential role for MIF in male testicular function.

Implications of body condition and seasonality on morphological and functional parameters of testes of Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ferreira ◽  
Aline Soldati ◽  
Sirlene S. S. Rodrigues ◽  
Laércio dos Anjos Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
The Mean

The insectivorous bat Myotis nigricans is widely distributed throughout the Neotropics, including Brazil, and has a reproductive biology that is affected by climate and food availability. To evaluate the reproductive capacity of this species, morphofunctional parameters of the testes were correlated with environmental variables and the body condition of individuals captured. After bats had been killed, their testes were removed, fixed in Karnovsky’s fluid for 24 h and embedded in resin for evaluation by light microscopy. The mean annual tubulosomatic index (0.58%) and the percentage of seminiferous tubules in the testes (88.96%) were the highest ever recorded for the Order Chiroptera. The percentage of Leydig cells and volume of the cytoplasm of Leydig cells were higher in the rainy than dry season (80.62 ± 3.19% and 573.57 ± 166.95 μm, respectively; mean ± s.d.). Conversely, the percentage of nuclei of the Leydig cells in the dry season (26.17 ± 3.70%; mean ± s.d.) and the total number of Leydig cells (6.38 ± 1.84 × 109; mean ± s.d.) were higher in the dry season. The results of the present study could help in future conservation of these bats because they provide a better understanding of the bats’ reproductive strategies and how the species can adapt to changes.

Sex chimaerism, fertility and sex determination in the mouse

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Patek ◽  
J.B. Kerr ◽  
R.G. Gosden ◽  
K.W. Jones ◽  
K. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Coelomic Epithelium

Adult intraspecific mouse chimaeras, derived by introducing male embryonal stem cells into unsexed host blastocysts, were examined to determine whether gonadal sex was correlated with the sex chromosome composition of particular cell lineages. The fertility of XX in equilibrium XY and XY in equilibrium XY male chimaeras was also compared. The distribution of XX and XY cells in 34 XX in equilibrium XY ovaries, testes and ovotestes was determined by in situ hybridisation using a Y-chromosome-specific probe. Both XX and XY cells were found in all gonadal somatic tissues but Sertoli cells were predominantly XY and granulosa cells predominantly XX. The sex chromosome composition of the tunica albuginea and testicular surface epithelium could not, in general, be fully resolved, owing to diminished hybridisation efficiency in these tissues, but the ovarian surface epithelium (which like the testicular surface epithelium derives from the coelomic epithelium) was predominantly XX. These findings show that the claim that Sertoli cells were exclusively XY, on which some previous models of gonadal sex determination were based, was incorrect, and indicate instead that in the mechanism of Sertoli cell determination there is a step in which XX cells can be recruited. However, it remains to be established whether the sex chromosome constitution of the coelomic epithelium lineage plays a causal role in gonadal sex determination. Male chimaeras with XX in equilibrium XY testes were either sterile or less fertile than chimaeras with testes composed entirely of XY cells. This impaired fertility was associated with the loss of XY germ cells in atrophic seminiferous tubules. Since this progressive lesion was correlated with a high proportion of XX Leydig cells, we suggest that XX Leydig cells are functionally defective, and unable to support spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Minireview: Transcriptional Regulation of Gonadal Development and Differentiation

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Y. Park ◽  
J. Larry Jameson
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Theca Cells ◽  
Main Cell

The embryonic gonad is undifferentiated in males and females until a critical stage when the sex chromosomes dictate its development as a testis or ovary. This binary developmental process provides a unique opportunity to delineate the molecular pathways that lead to distinctly different tissues. The testis comprises three main cell types: Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and germ cells. The Sertoli cells and germ cells reside in seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs. The Leydig cells populate the interstitial compartment and produce testosterone. The ovary also comprises three main cell types: granulosa cells, theca cells, and oocytes. The oocytes are surrounded by granulosa and theca cells in follicles that grow and differentiate during characteristic reproductive cycles. In this review, we summarize the molecular pathways that regulate the distinct differentiation of these cell types in the developing testis and ovary. In particular, we focus on the transcription factors that initiate these cascades. Although most of the early insights into the sex determination pathway were based on human mutations, targeted mutagenesis in mouse models has revealed key roles for genes not anticipated to regulate gonadal development. Defining these molecular pathways provides the foundation for understanding this critical developmental event and provides new insight into the causes of gonadal dysgenesis.

Results of study on changes in the body of livestock castrated by unopened method

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
D Alimaa ◽  
S Byambatsogt ◽  
TS Enkhbaatar
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Cremaster Muscle ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Cellular Division ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Frontal Wall

"Tartu-SHAB" emasculator for unopened castration of male calf, lamb and kids is used to break ductus deferens and blood vessels and damage cremaster muscle after detecting outside the spermatic cord via palpation of scrotal neck skin. Movement of castrated animal becomes slower, hind legs are slightly spread, animal steps on frontal wall of its hind leg hooves and lifts one of hind legs in turn, and superficial, small, painful, differently sized, and warmer swelling appears. Cremaster fascia of testicle tissue castrated animals (at day 30) divides testicle parenchyma into lobules and there are epithelial cells producing spermatozoa at various stages of development in the wall of seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in reticular and soft connective tissues between seminiferous tubules. But at day 60, thickened outer layer of testicle, larger gaps between tubules, structural change of primary and secondary spermatozoa, ceased cellular division cellular division and absence of Leydig cells reveal the process of atrophy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.215 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.43-48

TESTICULAR HISTO-MORPHOLOGY OF YOUNG RATS TREATED WITH OESTRADIOL-17β BENZOATE

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Maqueo ◽  
Fred A. Kind
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

ABSTRACT Oestradiol-17β benzoate, 120 βg, injected into five-day old male rats inhibited maturation of the seminiferous epithelium as demonstrated by histological studies performed 40–55 days post-treatment. The oestrogen treatment was ineffective when administered at the age of 20 days. The degree of testicular damage appeared to be correlated with the amount of steroid used. A dose of 240 μg of oestradiol benzoate led to severe pathological changes in almost 100 per cent of the seminiferous tubules and atrophy of the Leydig cells.

scholarly journals Curcumin Effectivity on Hepar and Reproductive Organ Recovery Male Mice (Mus musculus L) after Methoxychlor Exposure

Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahriani Mahriani ◽  
Susantin Fajariyah ◽  
Eva Tyas Utami
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Curcumin Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Male Reproductive Organ

Methoxychlor (MXC) is an insecticide (DDT derivates) that has the potential for bioaccumulation in mammal and causes a disruptive effect on the hepar and reproductive system. This study was done to find out the benefits of curcumin as a natural ingredient to overcome the negative impact of Methoxychlor (MXC) on hepar and male reproductive organ of Balb’C mice (Mus musculus L). The study was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Posttest Only Control Group Design used four treatments and six replications. The curcumin treatment after administration of MXC was carried out by gavage with curcumin doses: 0.05; 0,1; and 0.2 mg/g body weight, every day for two weeks, respectively. Histological observations of the liver, and testis was performed using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin Eosin stained. The results showed that MXC exposure caused liver disruption by increasing the number of pycnotic necrotic hepatocytes and hydrophic degeneration hepatocytes. On the male reproductive organ, MXC caused testis impairment by reducing the number of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, spermatogenic cell counts, and the diameter of seminiferous tubules. The administration of curcumin at doses of 0.1 mg/g bw in mice exposed to methoxychlor can reduce the number of hydrophic degeneration hepatocytes and tend to reduce the number of pycnotic hepatocytes; and also increase the number of Sertoli cells, the number of spermatogenic cells, and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, and tend to reduce the amount of Leydig cells. Curcumin treatment tends to recover hepar dan testis disruption of mice that were exposed by MXC.

scholarly journals 315 AN ATTEMPT AT INDUCING DIFFERENTIATION INTO ROUND SPERMATIDS OF RAT SPERMATOGONIA BY CO-CULTURING WITH SERTOLI CELLS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Iwanami ◽  
T. Kobayashi ◽  
M. Kato ◽  
M. Hirabayashi ◽  
S. Hochi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Population ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Type A ◽  
Round Spermatid ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules

Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex process of germ cell development at the seminiferous tubules whereby diploid spermatogonia proliferate and differentiate into haploid spermatozoa via round and elongating spermatids in close association with somatic Sertoli cells. In the present study, the potential of rat spermatogonia to undergo meiosis during co-culture with Sertoli cells was assessed. The type-A spermatogonia and Sertoli cells were prepared from Day 7 heterozygous transgenic male rats carrying EGFP DNA, and co-cultured on the dishes (coated; BD Falcon™ 35-3801, or non-coated: BD Falcon™ 35-1008, 4 × 106 cells/4-mL dish) at 37°C for 3 days and at 34°C for a subsequent 7 days in 5% CO2 in air. The culture medium was DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, growth factors (10 ng/mL EGF and 10 ng/mL IGF) and various hormones (500 ng/mL FSH, 133 μIU/mL hGH, 5 μg/mL insulin, 0.1 μM testosterone and 0.1 μM dihydrotestosterone). During culture, appearance of round spermatid-like cells (ca. 15 μm in cellular diameter and 7–8 μm in nuclear diameter) was traced. The ploidy of the cells was also analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). At the end of culture, the proportion of EGFP DNA-bearing cells in the total cultured cell population was examined under UV light at 365 nm. Thereafter, continuation of the spermatid-like cells to full-term development was examined by ooplasmic microinjection (Kato et al. 2004 Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. 43/2, 13). Briefly, oocytes from the Sprague-Dawley rats were denuded, activated with two direct-current pulses at 100 V/mm for 99 μs and held in 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine for 20 min. The nuclei of spermatid-like cells were microinjected into the oocytes by using a piezo impact driving unit, and the injected oocytes after 24 h culture were transferred into recipients. Round spermatid-like cells were first observed at the 5th day of culture on both dishes, but the proportion of spermatid-like cells on the coated dish was higher than that on the non-coated dish. The FCM analysis showed that a single peak of haploid cells was detected in the cell population cultured on the coated dish at the 5th day of culture, while no haploid peak was detected on the non-coated dish. The cultured cells exhibited two distinct patterns of EGFP fluorescence, with a proportion of EGFP-positive cells at 53.5% (total 1,000 counts). The microinsemination into 263 oocytes resulted in the production of 27 oocytes with two pronuclei (10.3%) and 15 cleaved oocytes (5.7%). However, the oviductal transfer of 143 microinseminated oocytes resulted in only 8 implantation sites without viable offspring (5.6%). These results indicated that rat type-A spermatogonial cells seemed to undergo meiosis, but the potential of the cultured spermatid-like cells to participate into full-term development was questionable.

scholarly journals Axl Promotes Zika Virus Entry and Modulates the Antiviral State of Human Sertoli Cells

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Strange ◽  
Boonyanudh Jiyarom ◽  
Nima Pourhabibi Zarandi ◽  
Xuping Xie ◽  
Coleman Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Antiviral State

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) is unique among mosquito-borne flaviviruses in its ability to be sexually transmitted. Persistent ZIKV infection in the testes, which are immune privileged organs, long after peripheral clearance suggests involvement of immunosuppressive pathways; however, the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. We recently demonstrated that ZIKV infects human Sertoli cells (SC), the major cell type of the seminiferous epithelium responsible for maintaining the immune privileged compartment of seminiferous tubules. Recent reports have identified the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, Mer) receptor tyrosine kinase Axl as an entry receptor and/or immune modulator for ZIKV in a cell type-specific manner. Interestingly, the seminiferous epithelium exhibits high basal expression of the Axl receptor where it is involved in clearance of apoptotic germ cells and immunosuppression. Here, we show that Axl was highly expressed in SC compared to Leydig cells (LC) that correlated with robust ZIKV infection of SC, but not LC. Further, neutralization of Axl receptor and its ligand Gas6 strongly attenuated virus entry in SC. However, inhibition of Axl kinase did not affect ZIKV entry but instead led to decreased protein levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3, increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and reduced ZIKV replication. Similarly, treatment of multicellular human testicular organoids with an Axl kinase inhibitor attenuated ZIKV replication and increased ISG expression. Together, our data demonstrate that Axl promotes ZIKV entry and negatively regulates the antiviral state of SC to augment ZIKV infection of the testes and provides new insights into testis antiviral immunity and ZIKV persistence. IMPORTANCE Recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have identified sexual transmission as a new route of disease spread not reported for other flaviviruses. ZIKV crosses the blood-testis barrier and establishes infection in seminiferous tubules, the site for spermatozoa development. Currently, there are no therapies to treat ZIKV infection, and the immune mechanisms underlying testicular persistence are unclear. We found that multiple human testicular cell types, except Leydig cells, support ZIKV infection. Axl receptor, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining the immunosuppressive milieu of the testis, is highly expressed in Sertoli cells and augments ZIKV infection by promoting virus entry and negatively regulating the antiviral state. By using testicular organoids, we further describe the antiviral role of Axl inhibition. The significance of our research lies in defining cross talk between Axl and type I interferon signaling as an essential mechanism of immune control that can inform therapeutic efforts to clear ZIKV from the testis.

Interstitial fluid volume in the rat testis: androgen-dependent regulation by the seminiferous tubules?

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Maddocks ◽  
R. M. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

ABSTRACT Regulation of testicular interstitial fluid (IF) volume has been investigated in adult male rats in which the Leydig cells were selectively destroyed with a single i.p. injection of ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS). Following this treatment, some animals also received testosterone supplementation by s.c. injection every 3 days, beginning either from the time of EDS injection, or 3–12 days afterwards. The volume of IF obtained by drip collection was determined, and testosterone and gonadotrophin concentrations measured in blood and in IF. Testosterone levels in IF and serum became undetectable by 3 days after EDS treatment. IF volume was reduced by 50% (P < 0·01) to reach a minimum level between 6 and 9 days after treatment. However, this decline was prevented in the absence of Leydig cells by supplementation with testosterone from the time of EDS injection, a treatment which also kept gonadotrophins at minimum or undetectable levels. Furthermore, the reduced IF volume seen up to 9 days after treatment with EDS alone could be restored to control levels within 3 days by a single injection of testosterone. The results obtained demonstrate that androgens, but not Leydig cells or gonadotrophins, are required for the maintenance of interstitial fluid volume in the adult rat testis. It is suggested that the seminiferous tubules may mediate this response, through an androgen-dependent mechanism. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 215–222

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