scholarly journals The origin of plague. Future perspectives of ecological and molecular-genetic synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
V. V. Suntsov
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Quantum Speciation ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
Parasitic System

Plague, infamous due to three devastating pandemics, remains one of the most dangerous human diseases. Its causative agent, the microbe Yersinia pestis, is a priority in the arsenal of possible biological weapons, which requires increased attention to the development of a system of biological (bacteriological) security. A deep knowledge of the natural processes that facilitate the development of the causative agent of plague may be useful for this. There are currently two alternative approaches to determining the origin of Y. pestis – molecular genetics (MG) and ecological. MG-data has led to the innovative idea of the saltation conversion of the psichrophilic saprozoonotic microbe Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:1b into a population of the pathogenic plague microbe Y. pestis, by horizontal transfer of two specific plasmids pFra and pPst from the external environment, or from other bacteria and inactivated/deletions of genes that have lost their functions in a new habitat, probably in populations of voles (Microtinae) in Asia. The ecological scenario is based on the idea of Darwinian adaptations by way of a quick "quantum" formation of its properties in a parasitic system; the "marmot–flea" (Marmota sibirica – Oropsylla silantiewi), during the transition between the Pleistocene and Holocene periods. Three important factors of quantum speciation were found: heterothermia of marmot bodies during hibernation, the oxidative "burst" of macrophages in hibernating marmots, and stress-induced mutagenesis initiated by the oxidative "burst" of macrophages. This article asserts the complementarity of the ecological and MG approaches. The prospect of a solution to the problem of quantum speciation of the causative agent of the plague, and the development of methods for the treatment and prevention of disease, can be observed in the synthesis of ecological and MG approaches.

Pathogenetic Value of pVM82 Plasmid of Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis, Causative Agent of Far Eastern Scarlet-Like Fever

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
L. M. Somova ◽  
F. N. Shubin ◽  
B. G. Andryukov ◽  
I. N. Lyapun ◽  
E. I. Drobot
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Far Eastern

scholarly journals Revisiting the Issue of the Molecular-genetic Structure of the Causative Agent of the Bovine Leukemia Virus in the Russian Federation

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Mikhailovna Donnik ◽  
Maksim Valeryevich Petropavlovsky ◽  
Anna Sergeevna Krivonogova ◽  
Irina Alekseevna Shkuratova ◽  
Marzena Rola-Łuszczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
The Russian Federation

scholarly journals Clinical and immunological characteristic of children with congenital infections and perinatal HIV contact, considering their HIV status

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
V. B. Denisenko ◽  
E. M. Simovanyan
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Immunological Examination ◽  
Simplex Virus

Relevance. The study of the etiological structure, clinical features of congenital infections and the immune status of children with perinatal HIV contact will help to improve the program for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these diseases.Objective. To characterize the clinical features of congenital infections and changes in the immune system in children with perinatal HIV contact, taking into account their HIV status.Methods. A clinical, serological, molecular genetic, cytological, immunological examination of 203 children with perinatal HIV contact, including 91 HIV-positive patients and 112 HIV-negative patients.Results. Congenital infections were diagnosed in 43.3% of children with perinatal HIV contact. They were characterized by a predominance of cytomegalovirus (30%) and Chlamydia trachomatis (14.3%) in the etiological structure; those infections proceeded as a mono-infection (61.4%) or in a localized form (52.5%). In the group of HIV-positive children, congenital infections developed in 68.1% of patients. In most cases congenital infections were caused by cytomegalovirus (45.1%), herpes simplex virus (6.6%) and bacteria (11%); they proceeded as an associated infection (46.8%), and in a clinically manifest localized (61.3%) and generalized forms (33.9%). The clinical features of congenital infections in HIV-infected children were associated with more significant disorders in the immune system, especially in T-cell link.Conclusion. The revealed clinical and immunological features of congenital infections in children with perinatal HIV contact must be considered during diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive procedures.

scholarly journals Personalized oncology as a global uniting aim of clinical experience, unified protocols and modern technologies on the way to the victory against neoplastic processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
O.V. Herasymenko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Personalized Oncology

Background. According to the prognoses, by 2025 the global cancer incidence will increase to 24 million cases per year, and mortality – up to 16 million cases. The annual growth rate of tumors number exceeds the growth rate of global population, which justifies the feasibility of improving the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these diseases. Objective. Describe the main features of personalized oncology. Materials and methods. Analysis of regulatory documents and literature sources on this topic. Results and discussion. In their work Ukrainian oncologists are guided by the domestic documents and the documents of international societies. Personalization of treatment involves taking into account such characteristics of the disease as its stage, morphological affiliation of cells and molecular genetic characteristics of the tumor, as well as such patient characteristics as sex, age, general somatic status, comorbidities, and place of residence. Personalized medicine is a set of methods for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pathological conditions, based on the individual characteristics of the patient (genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metagenomic markers, phenotypic features). For the introduction of personalized medicine into oncology it is necessary to use the molecular genetic profiling of the tumor, to assess the risks with the help of several specialists, to involve the patient in decision-making regarding treatment and diagnostic measures. The main tools for the widespread introduction of personalized medicine include qualified specialists, laboratories of pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics, the formation of competencies in health care providers and the development of personalized pharmacy. The main result is the widespread implementation of treatment programs using personalized protocols with targeted delivery of the drug to the appropriate targets, taking into account the state of the body of the particular patient at the specific time. Conclusions. 1. The incidence of cancer is steadily growing. 2. Personification of treatment involves taking into account the stage of the disease, morphological affiliation of cells and molecular genetic characteristics of the tumor, as well as individual characteristics of the patient. 3. For the introduction of personalized medicine in oncology it is necessary to use molecular genetic profiling of the tumor, to assess the risks with the help of several specialists, to involve the patient in decision-making regarding treatment and diagnostic measures.

scholarly journals 25-Hydroxylase vitamin D deficiency in 27 Saudi Arabian subjects: a clinical and molecular report on CYP2R1 mutations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bakhamis ◽  
Faiqa Imtiaz ◽  
Khushnooda Ramzan ◽  
Edward De Vol ◽  
Osamah AlSagheir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Heterozygous Mutation ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
High Doses

Vitamin-D deficiency remains a major cause of rickets worldwide. Nutritional factors are the major cause and less commonly inheritance causes. Recently, CYP2R1 has been reported as a major factor for 25-hydroxylation contributing to the inherited forms of vitamin D deficiency. We conducted a prospective cohort study at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to review cases with 25-hydroxylase deficiency and to describe their clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic features. We analyzed 27 patients from 9 different families who presented with low 25-OH vitamin-D and not responding to usual treatment. Genetic testing identified two mutations: c.367+1G>A (12/27 patients) and c.768dupT (15/27 patients), where 18 patients were homozygous for their identified mutation and 9 patients were heterozygous. Both groups had similar clinical manifestations ranging in severity, but none of the patients with heterozygous mutation had hypocalcemic manifestations. 13/18 of homozygous patients and all the heterozygous patients responded to high doses of vitamin-D treatment, but they regressed after decreasing the dose, requiring lifelong therapy. 5/18 of homozygous patients required calcitriol to improve their biochemical data, whereas none of the heterozygous patients and patients who carried the c.367+1G>A mutation required calcitriol treatment. To date, this is the largest cohort series analyzeing CYP2R1-related 25-hydroxylase deficiency worldwide, supporting its major role in 25-hydroxylation of vitamin-D. It is suggested that a higher percentage of CYP2R1 mutations might be found in the Saudi population. We believe that our study will help in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of similar cases in the future.

scholarly journals Viruses causing frequent and emergent gastrointestinal infections of cattle (review)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Yurov ◽  
M.I. Gulyukin ◽  
L.A. Mnikova ◽  
S.V. Alexeyenkova ◽  
T.A. Ishkova
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Newborn Calves

Pestiviruses are a common causative agent of gastrointestinal infections in calves. Viruses infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals, cause pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory, reproductive organs, and the immune system. According to the modern classification, the genotype of pestiviruses is designated by the letters of the Latin alphabet: A, B, C, etc. Common pestivirus infections include viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (VD-MD). The causative agent is pestivirus of genotypes A and B. The virus of genotype A is represented 20 subtypes (1a-1t) and three subtypes (2a-2c). The type A virus in newborn calves causes diarrhea with profuse watery discharge, dehydration. Infection of the type B virus is characterized by a malignant course of the disease in the form of fever, hemorrhagic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and high mortality. In 2004, pestivirus infection of small ruminants was registered for the first time in several countries, caused by an atypical pestivirus, designated as Hobi virus, type D. respiratory organs in calves. Common pathogens include bovine coronavirus (cattle) from the Coronaviridae family, order Nidovirales, subgroup 2a. There are three forms of cattle coronavirus infection: diarrhea of newborn calves; winter diarrhea with the hemorrhagic syndrome in cows and transport fever. A disease similar in symptomatology is caused by rotaviruses. According to the antigenic properties of the main proteins, rotaviruses are divided into groups, subgroups, and serotypes. The main pathogens for calves are group A rotaviruses. Rotavirus diarrhea occurs in newborn calves in the first three weeks. Modern immunological, molecular genetic methods have made it possible to identify new enteropathogenic cattle viruses. Among them, norovirus, the causative agent of a highly contagious anthropozoonotic disease with a fecal-oral transmission mechanism, belongs to the Caliciviridae family, the Norovirus genus, genogroups III and V. Some viruses that cause gastrointestinal diseases are isolated both from sick calves and from animals without visible signs of the disease. Other pathogens are Nebovirus, a non-enveloped virus, a member of the Caliciviridae family, Cattle Torovirus, an enveloped virus of the Coronaviridae family, Astroviruses, a non-enveloped virus of the Astroviridae family. The family consists of the genera: Mamastrovirus mammals and Avastrovirus birds. Cattle picornaviruses, represented by kobuvirus (also called aichivirus B), belongs to the genus Enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family, found in the feces of calves with diarrhea. At the same time, other components of the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of calves: bacteria, fungi, rickettsiae - complicate viral infections or, on the contrary, have antiviral properties.

Identification of the causative agent of malignant catarrhal fever by molecular genetic methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
I.A. Titov ◽  
◽  
A.S. Malogolovkin ◽  
D.V. Kolbasov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Biological properties and molecular and genetic characteristics of plague microbe strains circulating in sandy natural plague foci of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Bacteriology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Z.Zh. Abdel ◽  
◽  
Т.V. Меkа-Меchеnkо ◽  
А.А. Аbdirasilova ◽  
R.S. Musagaliyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Parasitic System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Atypical Strains

Since 2010, an active course of epizootics with the release of the plague pathogen, isolated from hosts and vectors has been established in 8 autonomous foci of the plague from 14 autonomous foci of the Central Asian plague focus in Kazakhstan. It was necessary to take into account the parameters of variability of the main component of the parasitic system – the plague microbe in the process of certification of landscape and epizootological zoning of natural foci of plague in Kazakhstan. The aim of the work was to study the phenotypic and genetic properties of strains of the plague microbe isolated in natural sandy plague foci of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The work used 1196 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated over the past 10 years (2010–2019) from natural sandy plague foci, strain passports, literature sources, data on certification of plague foci in Kazakhstan. The study of the strains was carried out by bacteriological, serological and molecular genetic methods. Results. Certification and typification of the territories of sandy plague foci were carried out, taking into account the phenotypic and molecular-genetic properties of Y. pestis strains isolated from 12 autonomous foci of the Central Asian plague focus of Kazakhstan in 2010–2019. According to the results of the study, 84 atypical strains were identified. As a result of the analysis, 18 genotypes were identified among the studied strains, of which 13 (72.2%) were unique and did not repeat in the sample. The remaining 5 genotypes formed 5 clusters, combining 20 strains (60.6%) and all strains were phylogenetically assigned to representatives of the Mediaevalis biovar. Key words: plague microbe, plague foci, phenotypic features, molecular genetic features

scholarly journals PCR-identification of bacteria belonging to the genus Pectobacterium – agents of cucumber soft rot and wilting in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
L. A. Dankevych
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Species Specific

Aim. Correct species identification of isolated Pectobacterium sp., collection «E. toxica» strains and typical representatives of some species of the genus Pectobacterium and Dickeya via PCR for individual species-specific regions of their genome. Methods. Microbiological and molecular genetic (PCR) methods Results. A specific PCR product of size 434 bp was amplified in the genome of isolated Pectobacterium sp., collection «E. toxica» and typical P. carotovorum susp. carotovorum UKM B1075T and P. atrosepticum UKM B-1084T strains. The 690 bp DNA fragment was detected solely in the genome of the typical P. atrosepticum UKM B-1084T strain and absent in strains which are agents of cucumber soft rot and wilting and a typical P. carotovorum susp. carotovorum UKM B1075T strain. Conclusions. PCR detection of specific DNA fragments allowed us to finally clarify the species status of the causative agent of cucumber soft rot and wilting and attribute it to P. carotovorum. Keywords: identification, causative agent of cucumber soft rot and wilting.

Conservation and Development of Pre-Historic Geosites and Tourism

2020 ◽  
pp. 897-909
Author(s):  
N. N. Dogra ◽  
O. P. Thakur ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Earth History ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Tourism Promotion ◽  
Innovative Idea ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education And Awareness

History has always been a perennial source of man's keen curiosity and great interest. An ever-growing significance of Geosites, museums, monuments and sites of archaeological importance, the world over, is evidence to it. The tremendously growing tourism industry, in fact, has its origin in this very fact. Of late, alongside the concept of theme parks, the innovative idea of exploring the important sites revealing specific events (climatic, tectonic, thermal, magmatic, geomorphic, extra-telluric etc.) through geological history or associated with the evolution of mankind and the present day biodiversity as well, through the earth history of 4.6 billion years and also using them as a potential tourist resource is steadily getting ground. If exploration of prehistoric geosites and development of important sites for information, education and awareness of people could be judiciously integrated with tourism promotion, it may have synergistic implications as the sites would act as a unique touristic appeal and the tourism itself will support the former concept financially and otherwise, as well. India, on account of its unique geological history vis-a-vis physiographic, biotic and geoheritage manifestations of varied geo-events and consequently meteorological differences prevailing in, is one of the richest repository of varied geo-heritage sites including bio-sites studded with record and documentation of evolutionary lineages essentially needed to unravel the history of earth and understanding the palaeo-prevailed environmental scenario through earth's history and intensity of natural processes operating upon ever since the earth's origin. The present paper aims at comprehensively examining the prehistoric geosites in India, in an attempt to identify some of the areas with richer heritage in this regard. Some of the geologically more important sites with rich geoheritage and also prominent areas of tourism promotion are discussed in this paper, so as to conserve this invaluable treasure of earth history in the today's era of squeezing space on the face of rapid Industrialization and infra-structural developmental activities.

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