scholarly journals Spatial location of the parks-monuments of garden arts in the border of the Сhernivetsk region

Author(s):  
Klavdiya Kilinska

The spatial placement of landmarks in the Chernivtsi region has been investigated. The coefficients of territorial concentration were calculated and the types of landscape planning in the Chernivtsi region were analyzed. Landmarks are landmarks of historical, cultural and architectural heritage. In Ukraine, there are 414 parks of local importance, of which 40 are located in the Chernivtsi region. All of them were created in the middle or end of XIX century, and therefore today, due to its neglected state, it is necessary to carefully study and carry out reconstruction and restoration in order to be used in the recreational and tourist sphere. In the second half of the twentieth century. Due to the reconstruction activities, the structure of many parks has changed significantly, most of them have lost their former landscape appearance: quiet and peaceful in their functional purpose have been transformed into recreation parks with appropriate infrastructure. Today, restored parkland is gradually becoming a major recreation and tourism destination. However, their condition requires a detailed study, awareness of the aesthetic, ecological and natural importance of these territories, which are part of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine. The total number of local objects sites is 306, 40 of them are parks with the status of nature conservation sites of local importance (S = 239.4 ha, 6.26% of the total number of Ukraine), while in Ukraine there are 276. In spatial terms, both within Ukraine and the Chernivtsi region, they are distributed unevenly, although in terms of number Chernivtsi region, in comparison with other regions of Ukraine, occupies the first place. Territorial differentiation testifies to the historical features of the settlement and development of districts, the present state of their conservation and functioning. Parks are the objects of modern scientific research, since the Chernivtsi region has the largest number of them in other areas. They are placed in accordance with the cross-border principle of favorable and diverse NPCs. The largest number of parks is in the Storozhynets district and Chernivtsi, the smallest in the Kelmeniec and Sokyryan districts. The park area is rotating from 0.5 ha (Klinovsky) to 63.5 ha. According to the spatial and architectural characteristics of the parks of the Chernivtsi region, they belong to semi-open parks, by type of park landscape - to parks and regular ones. In terms of the territorial concentration of the parks, the following picture is observed here: very few of them exist in Zastavna, Kelmenetsky, Novoselytsky, Sokyryan and Khotyn districts; few in the Vyzhnytsia and Hlybotsky districts; average number in the Hertsaev and Kitsman districts, many and many in the Storozhynets district and Chernivtsi.

Author(s):  
А.С. Селиванова ◽  
Н.П. Карташова

Озеленение является важнейшей составляющей целого комплекса градостроительства. Согласно градостроительным нормам насаждения должны занимать определенную площадь в жилом районе, микрорайоне, промышленной зоне, поэтому необходимо выявить их процентное соотношение по отношению ко всем зеленым территориям города и оценить их реальное состояние, дать рекомендации по уходу и содержанию. Наметить в районах города мероприятия по озеленению для того, чтобы нормы озеленения соответствовали принятым государственным нормативам. В результате этого изменится экологическое состояние города, повысится качество отдыха населения. При оценке озелененности территорий природного комплекса г. Воронежа в ходе натурного обследования территорий фиксировались различные показатели, которые позволили определить оценку существующих насаждений, устойчивость, оценку эстетического состояния насаждений. При этом использовался визуальный способ, основанный на балльной шкале оценки состояния по внешним признакам и инструментальный, основанный на измерении морфологических параметров растений. В результате исследований был определен уровень озелененности каждого жилого района и найдена общая площадь зеленых участков зеленой зоны города, которая составила 9,3 м² зеленых насаждений на одного жителя города. Таким образом, норма озеленения на одного жителя меньше нормативной. Было установлено, что обеспечение города объектами озеленения общего пользования также на 6,7 м² меньше нижнего предела рекомендуемых нормативов и на 10 м² меньше оптимального уровня озеленения. Таким образом, определено состояние зеленых насаждений на парковых территориях г. Воронежа и даны рекомендации для улучшения качественных показателей озелененности территорий, которые будут способствовать повышению декоративности и устойчивости насаждений к неблагоприятным внешним воздействиям. Greening is an essential component of a complex urban development. According to the town planning norms plantations should occupy a certain area in a residential area, district, industrial area, so it is necessary to identify their percentage in relation to all the green areas of the city and to evaluate their real condition, give advice on care and maintenance. As a result, that will change the ecological state of the city, improve the quality of recreation. In assessing the planting area of natural complex of the city of Voronezh in the full-scale survey areas recorded various measures to enable an assessment to determine the existing plantings, sustainability, evaluation of the aesthetic state plantations. This used a visual method based on the grading scale for evaluating the state of the external signs and tool, based on the measurement of morphological parameters of the plant. As a result, research has been defined for each level landscaping of residential area and found the total area of green areas green areas of the city, which was 9.3 m² of green space per inhabitant of the city. Thus, planting rate per capita is less than normative. It has been found that the provision of shared objects city greening 6.7 m² also below the lower limit of recommended standards and 10 m² level is less than optimal planting. Thus, it defines the status of green space in the park area of Voronezh and recommendations for improvement of quality indicators of green areas, which will help in creasedecorative plants and resistance to adverse external influences


2021 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Ella Volodymyrivna Bystrytska

Abstract: A series of imperial decrees of the 1820s ordering the establishment of a Greco-Uniate Theological Collegium and appropriate consistories contributed to the spread of the autocratic synodal system of government and the establishment of control over Greek Uniate church institutions in the annexed territories of Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result, the Greco-Uniate Church was put on hold in favor of the government's favorable grounds for the rapid localization of its activities. Basilian accusations of supporting the Polish November Uprising of 1830-1831 made it possible to liquidate the OSBM and most monasteries. The transfer of the Pochaiv Monastery to the ownership of the Orthodox clergy in 1831 was a milestone in the liquidation of the Greco-Uniate Church and the establishment of a Russian-style Orthodox mono-confessionalism. On the basis of archival documents, the political motivation of the emperor's decree to confiscate the Pochayiv Monastery from the Basilians with all its property and capital was confirmed. The transfer to the category of monasteries of the 1st class and the granting of the status of a lavra indicated its special role in strengthening the position of the autocracy in the western region of the Russian Empire. The orders of the Holy Synod outline the key tasks of ensuring the viability of the Lavra as an Orthodox religious center: the introduction of continuous worship, strengthening the personal composition of the population, delimitation of spiritual responsibilities, clarifying the affiliation of the printing house. However, maintaining the rhythm of worship and financial and economic activities established by the Basilians proved to be a difficult task, the solution of which required ten years of hard work. In order to make quick changes in the monastery, decisions were made by the emperor and senior government officials, and government agencies were involved at the local level, which required the coordination of actions of all parties to the process.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Stanojevic ◽  
Aleksandar Kekovic

Buildings preservation by the conversion of their function has become a domain of interest in the field of industrial heritage. Due to the need to expand existing housing capacities in urban areas, a large number of industrial buildings are nowadays converted into multi-family and single-family housing. The paper deals with the analysis of the functional and aesthetic internal transformation of industrial into housing spaces. The research goal is to determine the principles of conceptualization of housing functional plan within the framework of the original physical structure of the industrial building, at the architectonic composition level and housing unit (dwelling) level. Besides, the paper aims to check the existence of common patterns of the aesthetic transformation of converted spaces, examined through three epochs of the development of industrial architecture: the second half of the XIX century, the first half of the XX century and the post-WWII period.


Author(s):  
Mara Regina do Nascimento

Este artigo propõe-se a ser uma colaboração com os estudos dedicados às irmandades religiosas brasileiras, na sua face regional. A linha de pensamento adotada toma a cidade, a experiência urbana e as ditas associações religiosas como instâncias sociais intimamente relacionadas e interdependentes. Durante o século XIX, a irmandade gestora da Santa Casa de Misericórdia em Porto Alegre cumpria um papel fundamental não apenas para a composição material de seu espaço, mas igualmente para conferir-lhe o status de importante cidade dentro do mosaico urbano que compunha o Império brasileiro. Tomando por base o histórico de ações concretas da irmandade, como a construção do Hospital, as iniciativas para a caridade e filantropia e a promoção das festas litúrgicas, este artigo analisa o vínculo indissociável entre o associativismo católico e o estilo de vida urbano dos setecentos e oitocentos. Palavras-chave: Irmandades Religiosas. Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Cultura Urbana.AbstractThis paper intends to collaborate with other works dedicated to the study of brazilian religious brotherhoods, in their regional aspect. The line of thought  adopted takes the city, the urban experience and the religious associations above mentioned as closely related and interdependent social instances. During the XIX century, the brotherhood in charge of the Holy House of Mercy in the city of Porto Alegre played a fundamental role, not just in the material composition of the urban space, but also in giving it the status of an important city within the urban mosaic comprised by the Brazilian Empire. Based on the (historic of) concrete actions of this brotherhood, as were the construction of the Hospital, the creation of a social representation for the notion of charity, and the promotion of liturgic feasts, this article analyses the unbreakable bond between catholic associativism and the urban lifestyle of the XVIII and XIX centuries.Keywords: Religious Brotherhoods. Holy House of Mercy. Urban Culture. 


Author(s):  
Zuzanna Ladyga

The Labour of Laziness in Twentieth-Century American Literature focuses on the issue of productivity, using the figure of laziness to negotiate the relation between the ethical and the aesthetic. This book argues that major twentieth-century American writers such as Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, John Barth, Donald Barthelme and David Foster Wallace provocatively challenge the ethos of productivity by filtering their ethical interventions through culturally stigmatised imagery of laziness. Ladyga argues that when the motif of laziness appears, it invariably reveals the underpinnings of an emerging value system at a given historical moment, while at the same time offering a glimpse into the strategies of rebelling against the status quo


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (126) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Lorenz B. Puntel

Este artigo responde pormenorizadamente às críticas feitas por G. Imaguire em sua resenha do livro indicado no título (= ES). Trata-se principalmente de nove temas respectivamente teses de caráter central para a concepção exposta no livro. O presente artigo analisa cada um destes temas, em parte corrigindo erros de apresentação e de interpretação e em todos os casos respondendo às objeções de Imaguire. Trata-se dos seguintes temas/teses: (1) Para esclarecer o estatuto das sentenças filosóficas, ES propõe uma teoria dos três operadores que explicitam o caráter de sentenças: são estes o operador teórico, o operador prático e o operador estético. O artigo esclarece o sentido exato desta teoria. (2) ES apresenta uma nova definição de saber/conhecimento em oposição direta à já famosa definição “knowledge is true justified belief” articulada por E. Gettier. (3) ES defende uma concepção de orientação ontológica das estruturas formais fundamentais (lógicas e matemáticas); estas são esclarecidas. (4) Em ES é exposta e defendida uma nova concepção de ontologia em perfeita conformidade com a semântica de uma linguagem filosófica transparente; esta ontologia exclui o conceito de “substância” e critica o uso do conceito de “objeto”. (5) ES expõe uma nova teoria semântico-ontológica da verdade que tem como consequência um relativismo moderado da verdade. (6) ES formula um argumento muito especial contra o fisicalismo; o artigo explica pormenorizadamente este argumento. (7) A concepção exposta em ES afirma que o cristianismo, em virtude do caráter racional e teórico da teologia que o explicita, constitui, em oposição a outras religiões, uma temática com prioridade de importância e atenção para o filósofo sistemático. Neste artigo esta tese é explicada e defendida contra interpretações erradas. (8) O oitavo tema é a grande questão posta pelo conceito de mundo no contexto das relações entre teorias filosóficas e teorias científicas. O artigo esclarece uma série de mal-entendidos a respeito deste grande tema. (9) Finalmente, com relação a um argumento-chave que ES apresenta para fundamentar a tese que, por razões sistemáticas, se deve admitir uma dimensão absolutamente necessária do Ser, o artigo demonstra que a resenha comete um muito grave erro de interpretação, baseando neste erro uma crítica infundada ao argumento. O artigo esclarece extensamente o argumento, suas pressuposições e suas consequências.Abstract: This article is a detailed answer to G. Imaguire’s criticisms of the book Structure and Being: A Theoretical Framework for a Systematic Philosophy (hence referred as ES). Imaguire focuses on nine topics that are central to the book. The present article analyses each one of these theses, sometimes correcting errors made and misrepresentations introduced by Imaguire, and in all cases, responding to Imaguire’s objections. The theses are the following: (1) In order to clarify the status of theoretical sentences occurring in philosophical works, ES presents a theory about the three operators that make explicit the statuses of three mutually irreducible kinds of sentence: the theoretical operator, the practical operator, and the aesthetic operator. (2) ES offers a new definition of knowledge in significant opposition to the now-famous definition formulated by E. Gettier, “knowledge is true justified belief.” (3) ES defends an ontologically oriented conception of the fundamental formal (logical and mathematical) structures. (4) In ES, a new ontology is propounded in strong conformity with the semantics of a transparent philosophical language. This ontology rejects the category of substance and criticizes the widely used concept of object. (5) ES presents a completely new semantico-ontological theory of truth. One of its consequences is a moderate relativism with respect to truth. (6) ES presents a unique argument against physicalism; this article elaborates on it. (7) ES considers the phenomenon of religion and states that, due to its rational and theoretical theology, Christian religion, in opposition to other religions, provides a uniquely promising resource for philosophical considerations. (8) ES extensively thematizes the concept of world in connection with the problem of the relationship between philosophy and science. (9) Finally, ES develops the main features of a theory of Being as such and as a whole. ES offers especially an important argument on behalf of the thesis that the universal dimension of Being must be conceived of as two-dimensional: as the dimension of absolutely necessary Being and the dimension of contingent beings. This article reconstructs the exact meaning of the argument and explains its presuppositions and consequences.


2021 ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Н.А. Чистякова

В последнее десятилетие резко изменилось отношение российской общественности к предпринимательству с негативного на нейтральное и даже позитивное. Для подтверждения предположения об изменении эмоционального статуса понятия «предпринимательство» автором был произведен соцопрос. Поскольку предположение об изменении статуса понятия «предпринимательство» подтвердилось, автор посредством историко-культурного анализа постарался объяснить причину изменения стереотипа. Акцент был сделан на роль произведений русской классической литературы в формировании общественного сознания. Кроме того, автор конкретизировал отраженный в классической литературе идеал русского предпринимателя. Конкретно, в статье проанализирован образ предпринимателя в русской классической литературе XIX века: разобраны литературные типы работников финансовой сферы, найдены положительные примеры, выявлены социально ответственные принципы подхода к делу. Для обеспечения большей объективности для анализа привлечены как эпические, так и драматические произведения. Автор выясняет, как в русской классической литературе отражаются проблемы личности предпринимателя, актуальные в настоящее время. В статье произведен сравнительный анализ «кодексов чести» предпринимателя – источников XIX и XXI века, – в которых раскрывается тема чести русского финансиста, его морального облика. В исследовании утверждается преемственность традиций в сфере предпринимательства, сформированных основной частью населения страны, жившего по законам Российской Империи, кроме того, обосновывается содержательная связь художественных и документальных источников и доказывается необходимость создания образа современного коммерсанта на основе принципов, отраженных в отечественной классике. In the last decade, the attitude of the Russian public towards entrepreneurship has changed dramatically from negative to neutral and even positive. To confirm the assumption about the change in the emotional status of the concept of «entrepreneurship», the author conducted a social survey. Since the assumption about the change in the status of the concept of «entrepreneurship» was confirmed, the author tried to explain the reason for the change in the stereotype through historical and cultural analysis. The emphasis was placed on the role of works of Russian classical literature in the formation of public consciousness. In addition, the author concretized the ideal of the Russian entrepreneur reflected in the classical literature. Specifically, the article analyzes the image of the entrepreneur in the Russian classical literature of the XIX century: the literary types of financial workers are analyzed, positive examples are found, and socially responsible principles of the approach to business are identified. To ensure greater objectivity, both epic and dramatic works are used for analysis. The author finds out how the Russian classical literature reflects the problems of the entrepreneur's personality that are currently relevant. The article presents a comparative analysis of the «codes of honor» of the entrepreneur-sources of the XIX and XXI centuries-which reveal the theme of the honor of the Russian financier, his moral image. The study confirms the continuity of traditions in the field of entrepreneurship, formed by the main part of the country's population, who lived according to the laws of the Russian Empire, in addition, substantiates the meaningful connection of artistic and documentary sources and proves the need to create an image of a modern merchant based on the principles reflected in the Russian classics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Larisa S. Ruban ◽  

From the XVIII to the XXI century, there was an evolution of the image of Russia in the perception of its Western states. These changes can be traced according to the methodology of system analysis. The data of the project “Russia in the Western European press of the XVIII century” of the Higher School of Economics University and international expert surveys of the project “Dialogue partnership as a factor of stability and integration” 2005–2019 are analyzed in 16 countries, empirical materials of public opinion polls conducted by the Gallop Institute (2007, 2010), INION (2008–2012) and the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2002, 2007) on the study of socio-cultural aspects of the European identity of Russians. The content analysis of publications on this problem is carried out. Comparative analysis shows that the perception of our country by Western states has changed and its image has evolved: from a militarily strong power acting on an equal footing with Western countries in the XVIII century, to the image of the “gendarme of Europe” that developed in the XIX century, and to the personification of Russia as a “citadel of communist evil” in the twentieth century, starting from 1917, and then at the turn of the twentieth century and in the XXI century as a country that has lost the status of a “great power”. A number of experts assess Russia as a regional power trying to regain the status of a great power.


Author(s):  
Michael Johnson

The Secessionist Movement is the name applied to a range of artistic splinter groups that began to emerge in the 1890s. Objecting to what they saw as the inherent conservatism of established academies, these groups ‘seceded’ or broke away from their parent institutions and launched their own, avant-garde approach. The first secessionist group appeared in Munich in 1892 under the leadership of Franz von Stuck and Wilhelm Trübner. Among the most influential secessionist groups was that founded in Vienna by a coalition of artists, architects and designers who resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists in 1897. United by the urge to elevate the applied arts to the status of fine art, members of the Vienna Secession produced exquisite work across a spectrum of creative disciplines. The aesthetic initially resembled the curvilinear Art Nouveau style, but it increasingly moved towards abstraction and geometric simplicity. The founding of the Vienna Secession thus marked the beginning of a new artistic era in Austria and heralded the birth of the Modern Movement.


Author(s):  
Endre Kiss

Gadamer’s hermeneutic philosophy avoids the problem of literary objectiveness altogether. His approach witnesses the general fact that an indifference towards literary objectiveness in particular, leads to a peculiar neglect of par excellence literariness as such. It seems obvious, however, that the constitutive aspects of the crisis of literary objectiveness cannot be shown to contain the underlying intention of bringing about this situation. At this point, one can identify what could probably be the most important element in a definition of literary objectiveness. In contrast to ‘natural’ objectiveness and objectiveness based on various societal conventions, the legitimacy of a literary work is solely guaranteed by its elements being organized in accordance with the rules of literary objectiveness. Thus when the crisis of literary objectiveness intensifies, literariness will also find itself in a crisis. This crisis detaches new, quasi-literary formations from various definitions of literariness. When literary objectiveness ceases, however, to be understood as a system constituted by various objective formations aiming to correspond in one way or another to the ‘world’, scientific analysis of literary objectiveness will be rendered impossible. The crisis of literary objectiveness thus brings about the crisis of the theory of literature and the philosophy of art. Gadamer explicitly argues that the scientific approach proves to be inadequate in the analysis of artistic experience. This attitude results in the categorical rejection of a scientific orientation (and so in a complete indifference towards literary objectiveness), but he seems to overemphasize an otherwise correct thesis on the non-reflexive character of artistic experience. It is the anti-mimetic and Platonic character of Gadamer’s aesthetic hermeneutics that determines the status of literary (artistic) objectiveness in his system of thought. What is of crucial importance, however, is to point out that this aesthetics entails a fundamental reduction of the significance of literary objectiveness. As soon as the essence of aesthetic object-constitution is taken to be re-cognition (plus the emanating aesthetic possibilities), the absolutely natural interest in the original object represented by a work of art.Undoubtedly, Gadamer’s conception answers a number of questions that tend to be ignored by other theories. It is just as obvious, however, that Gadamer completes here the aesthetic devaluation of the objective domain. It is not the characteristics of the ‘original’ that constitute the image, but in effect the image turns the original into an original. Paraphrasing this claim one arrives at a near paradox: not objectiveness makes a work of art possible, but a work of art lends objects their objectiveness.


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