scholarly journals Fear as an object of social production

Author(s):  
Dmitri V. Polianski

The article analyzes the socio-cultural trends associated with the experience of the emotion of fear. Social institutions and factors that contribute to the spread of new fears in society are identified. Special attention is paid to the role of the media. Fear is considered not only as an existential fate, but also as a person’s need. The industry and the social practices related to meeting this need are described. The article aims to explain the paradoxical situation of modern human: a combination of a high level of safety with a high level of anxiety in their social life.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Mercè Oliva

In this interview, Theo van Leeuwen reflects on the role of social semiotics and iconography as research methods for identifying the ideology conveyed by multimodal texts and signifying practices. Van Leeuwen defends the relevance of analyzing and understanding what seems trivial and apolitical, such as images, toys, PowerPoint presentations and spaces, all of which shape our worldview and establish the possibilities and limits of social practices and relationships, as well as their role in legitimating (or challenging) the social order. The last section of the interview is devoted to an analysis of overtly political images: van Leeuwen talks about how politicians present themselves to the media in the current era of politainment; reflects on how social movements use the visual to stir up debate and challenge dominant discourses and, finally, he discusses memes as examples of popular humor and participatory culture and their potential and limitations in terms of challenging and fostering social change.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-400
Author(s):  
Xinyan Lu ◽  
Yijing Lu ◽  
Siyu Le ◽  
Yazheng Li

Medical image has always been a long-term topic in social life, through questionnaires and personal interviews to investigate the role of news reports on the reconstruction of medical image before and after the epidemic. Through the investigation, it can be found that the media has played a certain intermediary role and positive guiding role in the alleviation of doctor-patient relationship and the shaping of medical portrayals; some metaphorical discourse descriptions in news reports can achieve better communication effect; through a variety of reporting forms and attribute agenda settings, the media enriches the foreground image of doctors and indirectly shapes the social image of doctors.


2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Nataliia Panas

The article analyzes the role of museums in the formation of social capital in society, presents the possibilities of museum-type institutions in this context for Ukrainian society. The advantages of societies with a high level of social capital are highlighted; the urgency of this problem for our country is substantiated. Museums are a separate group of exceptional social institutions, the meaning of existence and the true nature of which was revealed and manifested only in the XXI century. Today, museums have gone far beyond their vision of decades past - in developed economies, they are becoming agents of social change, transforming social practices, helping to reduce antisocial phenomena and bringing significant benefits to local communities. We can compare how drastically the interpretation of the museum's mission and the vector of its activity in the era of globalization have changed in just some 20-30 years. Over the last decade, museums in Ukraine have responded more confidently to social and political problems in society, participated more actively in the consolidation of society, and generated new practices of cooperation with the local groups. The intensity of the media environment, the rapid development of IT technologies help individual museums to more openly broadcast their communicative mission. At the present stage society is slowly but surely changing. Post-communist transformation, unpredictability of the political future, economic problems and military aggression in the east of the country have led to problems of adaptation of the population to new socio-economic conditions and test the resilience of our communities. All this changes everyday life and requires adaptation to new conditions. In this direction, provided a well-thought-out strategy and appropriate regulatory framework, museums have significant positive potential.


This paper is devoted to analysis of the monograph written by Alexander Golikov, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Sociology of the Sociological Faculty of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The author emphasizes the indisputable theoretical significance of reviewed work, focused on the elucidation of the role of knowledge in the constitution of the social, which in the context of globalization, virtualization and individualization of social life acquires the properties of an «unfamiliar social». The monograph pays special attention to the processes of fabrication of various types of knowledge, that is, the creation and dissemination of various knowledge as structural and practical factors in the constitution of the social. It is noted that the author's research strategy is original, constructive and productive both in theoretical and practical sense. It is emphasized that the scientific novelty of the work lies in the conceptualization of the categorical triangle «knowledge – social – order»; in the proposed concept of an internalized Second and a depersonalized Third as «generalized Others»; in clarifying the specifics of communication in the production of sign-symbolic and informational forms of knowledge; in the introduction to scientific circulation the concept of «chronotope of the order of knowledge», etc. At the same time, it is emphasized that this fundamental monograph contains certain controversial provisions. In particular, a clearer definitions are required by: the scientific problem of work, that is, the question of what kind of epistemological inconsistency the author's concept solves; meaningful content of the «fabrication» category; ideological shape of knowledge, as a result of which it becomes one of the components of manipulative social technologies. Despite the remarks, the reviewer notes the significant heuristic potential of A. Golikov's developments, which, in his opinion, is distinguished by a refined professional language, a high level of scientific reliability and innovative content.


Author(s):  
Iryna Mordous

The tradition of the “social institution” phenomenon studying distinguishes the following directions of its interpretation: classical structuralism, which absolutizes the role of impersonal social structures; actionism, which is based on the priority of the life activity of subjects of social dynamics; discursive institutionalism, which combines the project of communicative society of Y. Habermas and social constructivism of J. Searle. The following components shape the social institution functionality. First, social institution produces fairly accurate criteria for acceptable and unacceptable behavior of individuals. Therefore, it is appropriate to note, if not constitutional, then regulating influence of social institutions on values, culture, morality, law, traditions, and rituals of society. Secondly, social institutions produce stable samples of hermeneutic practices, which become the primary source for interpreting the behavior of others and create prerequisites for reflection and self-analysis. And thirdly, such regulation of social life not only sets certain limits and restrictions, but also shapes the prerequisites for mechanisms of shaping meaning and highlighting the integrity of phenomena.


Author(s):  
Husaini Husda ◽  
Zubaidah Zubaidah

Institutions as social control always succeed in regulating so that the social life of citizens can run in an orderly and smooth manner in accordance with prevailing traditions and norms. As has been functioning well in the past, both in Aceh and West Sumatra. Aceh with its gampong pageu, and West Sumatra with surau. Both reflect a blend of local wisdom (adat) and Islamic values in it. However, if you see the rampant cases of violence and sexual abuse that have occurred in women and children lately, it is not wrong to say that the role of institutions as social control began to weaken. Like the role of surau and gampong pageu which is slowly ignored and forgotten. Re-empowering social institutions means trying to restore the pattern of community behavior based on existing norms. For this reason, systematic efforts are needed in empowering social institutions by empowering social institutions in accordance with the changes and demands of the times.


2014 ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Moroz

The theme of the Church's influence on the political life of the state is one that is constantly focused on the attention of the scientific community, the media and its own politics. The current legislation in Ukraine clearly separates the church from the state. However, both the church and the state are important social institutions that can not but influence one another. The official position of the state in the relevant relations is outlined again by the law. Each of the confessions of the country, through democratic freedoms and within them, is able to implement its own concept of relations with the state. Moreover, the positions of even the largest churches in Ukraine here are significantly different and significantly affect the social realities, which determines the relevance of the topic.


Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia-Maria Vaz-Peres

In this summary we present the reports and reflections of teachers who participate in an on-going research project named Mapping the effects of media images on the imaginary of working teachers: treading the personal knowledge of a Symbolic Pedagogy. The teachers, who work with children aged between 7 and 11 years, in Brazilian state schools, have reflected upon the influences of television shows as potential sources of diverse readings. In class, they have carried out distinct interventions and have played the role of human media (Penteado, 2002, and Porto, 2005), meaning that these teachers have acted as bridges, screens or mirrors for communications in which individual and cultural contents of a certain culture are exchanged. According to Michel Maffesoli (2001:9), there is a quotidian sociology whose main particularity is to offer a reading of the social life considering the sphere of the quotidian as a place that, in its banality and receptivity, and accompanied by the corresponding imaginary, allows investigators and other social observers to find important elements for the understanding of a social weave and its complexity. Therefore, what we have intended was related to television as a possible source of teaching: by signifying and re-signifying contents and, above all, through the intervention of teachers, by enabling different dynamics and organizations of collective actions in a school environment. In such a manner, televised communication becomes a space for socialization and apprehension of other contents. It can be the means to organize, unite, and conquer spaces and desires of a determined group or community. We are, of course, entering a domain that will be the place of the universal human collective tendencies, that are transported or mediumizated by the media, through the identification with a character of and image. En este resumen apuntamos los relatos y reflexiones de profesoras que imparten clases junto a los niños, entre 7 y 11 años, en escuelas publicas, en Brasil, resultantes de una pesquisa, aún en curso: Mapeando los efectos de las imágenes mediáticas no imaginario de profesoras en clase: Trillando los saberes personales de una Pedagogía Simbólica. Ellas han reflexionado sobre las influencias de los programas de televisión como potenciales generadores de otras lecturas. Desde la clase, han hecho intervenciones distintas. Además, han asumido el papel de una mídia humana (Penteado, 2002 e Porto, 2005), desde aquí entendido que las profesoras son como puentes, pantallas o espejamientos de comunicaciones donde están en cambio los contenidos individuales y culturales de una cultura determinada. Según Michel Maffesoli (2001:9) hay aquí una sociología de lo cotidiano en que su mayor particularidad es ofrecer una lectura de la vida social considerando la esfera de lo cotidiano como un lugar de los que, en su banalidad y receptividad, y acompañados del imaginario que les corresponden, permiten a los investigadores u otros observadores sociales encontrar elementos importantes para la comprensión de una trama social y su complejidad. Entonces lo que desde aquí intentaremos, dice respecto a la televisión como una posibilidad de enseñanza: significación y re-significación de contenidos Sobre todo, a través de la intervención de las profesoras, posibilitando dinámicas y organizaciones de acciones colectivas, en un ambiente escolar. Así la comunicación televisiva pasa a ser un espacio de socialización y aprehensión de otros contenidos. Por lo tanto ella puede ser un modo de organizar, unir y conquistar espacios y deseos en un determinado grupo o comunidad. Por supuesto nos estamos adentrando en un espacio que habrá de ser el lugar de las tendencias colectivas humanas universales, que son transportadas o mediunizados por los medios a través de la identificación con un personaje o una imagen.


Author(s):  
Oksana Galchuk

The theme of illegitimacy Guy de Maupassant evolved in his works this article perceives as one of the factors of the author’s concept of a person and the plane of intersection of the most typical motifs of his short stories. The study of the author’s concept of a person through the prism of polivariability of the motif of a bastard is relevant in today’s revision of traditional values, transformation of the usual social institutions and search for identities, etc. The purpose of the study is to give a definition to the existence specifics of the bastard motif in the Maupassant’s short stories by using historical and literary, comparative, structural methods of analysis as dominant. To do this, I analyze the content, variability and the role of this motive in the formation of the Maupassant’s concept of a person, the author’s innovations in its interpretation from the point of view of literary diachrony. Maupassant interprets the bastard motif in the social, psychological and metaphorical-symbolic sense. For the short stories with the presentation of this motif, I suggest the typology based on the role of it in the structure of the work and the ideological and thematic content: the short stories with a motif-fragment, the ones with the bastard’s leitmotif and the group where the bastard motif becomes a central theme. The Maupassant’s interpretation of the bastard motif combines the general tendencies of its existence in the world’s literary tradition and individual reading. The latter is the result of the author’s understanding of the relevant for the era issues: the transformation of the family model, the interest in the theory of heredity, the strengthening of atheistic sentiments, the growth of frustration in the system of traditional social and moral values etc. This study sets the ground for a prospective analysis of the evolution the bastard motif in the short-story collections of different years or a comparative study of the motif in short stories and novels by Maupassant.


Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Feng Qu

The case study in this paper is on the Daur (as well as the Evenki, Buriat, and Bargu Mongols) in Hulun Buir, Northeast China. The aim of this research is to examine how shamanic rituals function as a conduit to actualize communications between the clan members and their shaman ancestors. Through examinations and observations of Daur and other Indigenous shamanic rituals in Northeast China, this paper argues that the human construction of the shamanic landscape brings humans, other-than-humans, and things together into social relations in shamanic ontologies. Inter-human metamorphosis is crucial to Indigenous self-conceptualization and identity. Through rituals, ancestor spirits are active actors involved in almost every aspect of modern human social life among these Indigenous peoples.


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