scholarly journals Change of gydrolase and oxide reductase fermental complex activity and indicators of fertility to sod-podsolic soil under action of bentonite clay

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
A.V. Kozlov ◽  
A.H. Kulikova ◽  
O.V. Selitskaya ◽  
I.P. Uromova
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Enzymatic Activity Of Soil

In aspect of modern direction of potential impact assessment of alternative fertilizer materials on properties of soils variability of activity of the main gydrolase and oxide reductase enzymes in sod-podsolic sandy loamy soil (by WRB Retisols) and indicators of its effective fertility under influence of meliorative doses of bentonite clay is determined. Microfield research was conducted during 2015–2017 in conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Breed was brought once (2014) in an arable layer of earth in doses at rate of 3, 6 and 12 t/hectare. In years of carrying out research grew up winter wheat (Moskovskaya 39), barley (Veles) and peas of sowing campaign (Chishminsky 95). When determining enzymatic activity of soil and maintenance of batteries of plants in it used classical biochemical and agrochemical methods used in soil science. Under influence of bentonite clay high doses in soil observed considerable activization of enzymatic activity (protease (to 90%), cellulase (almost twice), phosphatase (up to 140%), phenol oxidase (up to 30%) and catalase (up to 70%)). As result, improvement of its agrochemical indicators is revealed, including increase in content of mobile compounds of phosphorus (on 21–31 mg/kg), exchange forms of potassium (on 32–41 mg/kg), available silicates (by 2–8 times in α-form and at 1,5–3,0 time in β-form), strengthening of nitrifying ability (on 2,6–4,1 mg/kg) and also relative persistence of maintenance of humic substances at level of control is established. Received results can be basis for introduction of bentonite in production field experiments and in subsequent for development of technology of bentonite clays use in agriculture of the Non-chernozem zone as meliorative substance, optimizing enzymatic activity of soils.

Assessment of phytotoxicity and impact on the enzymatic activity of soil microorganisms caused by veterinary antibiotics used in Brazilian farms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Leonardo Benassi-Borba ◽  
Carla M. P. Dal’Lin ◽  
Renan C. Testolin ◽  
Neiva M. Batista Vieira ◽  
Cristiane V. Tagliari Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Enzymatic Activity Of Soil

Influence of Organophilization Process Variables in Bentonite Clays from Cubati-PB

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1467-1472
Author(s):  
Carla Dantas da Silva ◽  
Rosa do Carmo de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Julliana Marques Rocha Costa ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Sodium Form

This work aims at the development of organoclay from two varieties of bentonite for use in organic media using ionic surfactants, studying the influence of process variables in the organophilization process. We used the following materials: natural bentonite clay from Cubati-PB District, and the ionic quaternary ammonium salt: Praepagen WB® with 45% active matter. The clays were benefited and then turned into sodium form and subsequently into organoclays. The bentonites were characterized by laser diffraction (GA) X-ray fluorescence chemical composition (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The organoclays were characterized by (XRD) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetry (DTA). The results showed that the clay has potential for application in the organophilization process and that there is influence of process variables.

scholarly journals Studies of new occurrences of bentonite clays in the State of Paraíba for use in water based drilling fluids

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle A. Silva ◽  
Julliana Marques R. Costa ◽  
Romualdo R. Menezes ◽  
Heber S. Ferreira ◽  
Gelmires de A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
New Occurrences

New bentonite clay deposits have recently been discovered in the state of Paraíba, mainly in the municipalities of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada, creating great expectations in view of the possibility of expanding industrial production using these new reserves. The aim of this study was to study the new occurrences of bentonite clay in Paraíba, particularly in the municipality of Pedra Lavrada, for use in water based drilling fluids. The mineralogical properties of the clays were characterized by particle size analysis using laser diffraction, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and its chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, cation exchange capacity and specific surface area. The bentonite clays were treated with sodium carbonate at concentrations of 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175mEq/100g of dry clay, to transform them from polycationic to sodium form. For the technological characterization, drilling fluids were prepared according to the standards of Petrobras. The results indicated that the mineralogical composition of the samples consisted of montmorillonite, kaolinite and quartz. As for their rheological properties, the samples were found to partially meet the rheological requirements of the Petrobras standard.

Changes in the enzymatic activity of soil samples upon their storage

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1380-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Dadenko ◽  
K. Sh. Kazeev ◽  
S. I. Kolesnikov ◽  
V. F. Val’kov
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Enzymatic Activity Of Soil

Preparation of Organoclay for Polymeric Nanocomposites Membranes

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Machado Medeiros ◽  
Taciana Regina de Gouveia Silva ◽  
Luana Rodrigues Kojuch ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Hélio Lucena Lira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Contact Area ◽  
Bentonite Clays

Bentonites are the most used fillers in the development of nanocomposites, due to their characteristics that provide nanosized particles, contributing to a large contact area between the clay and the polymer. In general, the additions of small amounts of organoclay improve the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites. Bentonite clays and organoclays were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results of XRF, XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of quaternary ammonium salt in the organoclay structure. From TG, it was observed that the organoclay showed better thermal stability when compared with bentonite clay.

scholarly journals Microbial and enzymatic activity of soil contaminated with a mixture of diflufenican + mesosulfuron-methyl + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 643-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Baćmaga ◽  
Agata Borowik ◽  
Jan Kucharski ◽  
Monika Tomkiel ◽  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity Of Soil

Research of benonite clays of Karakalpakstan for producing ceramic heat-insulating materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Z. R. Kadyrova ◽  
A. P. Purkhanatdinov ◽  
Sh. M. Niyazova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
The North ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The results of a comprehensive study of bentonite clays of the North-Dzhamansay deposit of Karakalpakstan to obtain ceramic thermal insulation materials are presented. According to the chemical-mineral and fractional compositions, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of bentonite clay, the possibility of its use in the production of ceramic thermal insulation materials for various purposes has been established.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage uptake by Eukaryotic cell layers represents a major sink for phages during therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion C. Bichet ◽  
Wai Hoe Chin ◽  
William Richards ◽  
Yu-Wei Lin ◽  
Laura Avellaneda-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Model ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
High Doses

AbstractFor over 100 years, bacteriophages have been known as viruses that infect bacteria. Yet it is becoming increasingly apparent that bacteriophages, or phages for short, have tropisms outside their bacterial hosts. During phage therapy, high doses of phages are directly administered and disseminated throughout the body, facilitating broad interactions with eukaryotic cells. Using live cell imaging across a range of cell lines we demonstrate that cell type plays a major role in phage internalisation and that smaller phages (< 100 nm) are internalised at higher rates. Uptake rates were validated under physiological shear stress conditions using a microfluidic device that mimics the shear stress to which endothelial cells are exposed to in the human body. Phages were found to rapidly adhere to eukaryotic cell layers, with adherent phages being subsequently internalised by macropinocytosis and functional phages accumulating and stably persisting intracellularly. Finally, we incorporate these results into an established pharmacokinetic model demonstrating the potential impact of phage accumulation by these cell layers, which represents a major sink for circulating phages in the body. Understanding these interactions will have important implications on innate immune responses, phage pharmacokinetics, and the efficacy of phage therapy.

scholarly journals AGROCHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF THE CHERNOZEMIC SOIL IN THE SUPERFICIAL HORIZON BY DIFFERENTIATED NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
ADINA PETRUȚA JIPA ◽  
DANELA MURARIU
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
High Doses

Soil fertility, upon which plant growth and hence crop yield and quality depend, embraces its content of plant food (nutrients), its organic matter content, its structure, its ability to supply water and its depth. Excessive use of fertilizers with nitrogen products of ion nitric accumulation in the soil (temporary) and in plants, which disturbs the balance of photosynthesis, causes the appearance of necrosis and burns on leaves, severe intoxication and even death by asphyxiation phenomena and cyanosis at ruminants, children and old people. One of the ways of soil pollution through agricultural technology is over-fertilization and, in particular, the administration of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers. Excess of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as their empirical application, have negative effects on harvest quality. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of five nitrogen levels and different type of fertilizers on the agrochemical evolution of the chernozemic soil in the superficial horizon. Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Suceava, Romania, in two growing seasons (2017 and 2018) with five nitrogen levels (80 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha, 160 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) and two type of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and urea).

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