scholarly journals University Mission in Western-European Culture (Ethical and Sociological Aspects) P. ІІ

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
Sergiy Volodymirovych Kurbatov ◽  
Mariya Mikhaylivna Rohozha
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
University Rankings ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Western European ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The University

The paper by Sergiy Kurbatov and Mariya Rohozha “The Mission of University in the Western European Culture”(Part II) is devoted to the analyses of transformation of the university as social institution and cultural phenomenon in our time, which we started at the first part of this paper, that was published in “Philosophy of Education”, 2017, № 2 (21)). If the previous paper of these authors included a long chronological period from the origin of the university in late Medieval time up to the 20th century, the current paper is concentrated on analyses of radical challenges, that university faced at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. For example, such popular in contemporary English language literature concept as the end (or the death) of university is observed. The authors tried to analyze sociological attempts to measure the main university activities in the form of international university rankings and the possibilities to develop in Ukraine the ideal models of university, which any system of university rankings have. The special stress was made on the influence of COVID 19 pandemic on transformative processes and institutional development of universities in the nearest future. The main challenges of the 21st century are crucial for the university, because this institution lost monopoly of producing and distribution of advanced knowledge for the first time in history. From the tactic viewpoint, university is less competitive than the different training programs and online courses, it is too conservative and bureaucratic one. But the authors think that in strategic perspective university has a chance for renovation, proving the old maxima that the values and spiritual dimensions of being and the relevant environment are crucial for human being. Almost the millennium of university history proves its ability to pass through the dramatic historical transformation and to continue to maintain its essence.

scholarly journals Polskie miasta i wsie XXI wieku. Zacieranie się granic, języków i kultur

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Western World ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Polish Cities and Villages in the 21st Century: Blurring of the Borders, Languages and CulturesUp to the middle of the 20th century, big cities, as economic units and communities that were characterized by the very varied professional and social structure of their inhabitants, marked not only administrative borders but also clear linguistic and cultural borders for the traditional monolithic village. After the Second World War, due to various socio-economic processes which resulted in big cities absorbing the surrounding villages, the administrative borders also started to change. Migrations from villages to cities and improved education began the process of blurring cultural and linguistic borders in the 20th century. At the beginning of the 21st century, the phenomenon of linguistic-cultural unification was facilitated by the trend of inhabitants of big cities starting to move to suburban villages. However, the rapid intensification of this phenomenon was mainly influenced by the common availability of the internet. The English language and the American style of culture became the factors that unified the linguistic and cultural differences between Polish cities and villages. The first quarter of the 21st century marked the beginning of the process of blurring not only the cultural differences between the city and the village, but also the virtual borders between Polish culture and the foreign culture of the Western world. Polskie miasta i wsie XXI wieku. Zacieranie się granic, języków i kulturDo połowy XX wieku wielkie miasta jako organizmy gospodarcze i zbiorowości charakteryzujące się bardzo zróżnicowaną strukturą zawodową i społeczną ludności, oddzielały od monolitycznej, tradycyjnej wsi nie tylko granice administracyjne, lecz także wyraźne granice językowe i kulturowe. Po II wojnie światowej na skutek różnorodnych procesów społeczno-ekonomicznych, powodujących między innymi wchłanianie przez wielkie miasta okolicznych wsi, zmianom zaczęły też ulegać granice administracyjne. Migracje ze wsi do miast i wzrost poziomu wykształcenia ludności napływowej rozpoczęły w drugiej połowie XX wieku proces zacierania się również granic kulturowych i językowych. Na początku XXI wieku zjawisko unifikacji językowo-kulturowej znacznie przyspieszyła moda na osiedlanie się w podmiejskich wsiach mieszkańców dużych miast. Gwałtowne nasilenie się omawianego procesu nastąpiło jednak przede wszystkim na skutek powszechnej dostępności Internetu. Język angielski i kultura w stylu amerykańskim stały się czynnikami unifikującymi zróżnicowania językowe i kulturowe polskich miast i wsi. W pierwszej ćwierci XXI wieku rozpoczął się więc proces zacierania się granic językowo-kulturowych pomiędzy miastem a wsią, a także wirtualnych granic pomiędzy rodzimą kulturą polską a obcą kulturą świata zachodniego.

scholarly journals Važnost šumarske nastave i znanosti na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu za razvoj hrvatskog šumarstva

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Igor Anić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forestry Education ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The University ◽  
Forestry Practice

This paper explores the influence of higher forestry education and forestry science at the Faculty of Forestry of the University of Zagreb on the formation and preservation of forest wealth in the Republic of Croatia during the past 120 years as the basic, authentic, self-renewable, biologically diverse and distinctly natural element. In order to do so, we shall provide a survey of some significant achievements of the faculty and its distinguished professors by citing examples of important textbooks and scientific papers. In the year 2018, the Faculty of Forestry in Zagreb marked the 120th anniversary of its establishment. It was on October 20th, 1898, that the Academy of Forestry was founded within the University of Zagreb as the first higher forestry institution in Croatia and in the south-east of Europe. The continuity of higher forestry education at the University of Zagreb has been retained to date through the periods of activity of the Academy of Forestry (1898 - 1919), the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry (1919-1946), the Agricultural-Forestry Faculty (1946 - 1960) and the Faculty of Forestry (1960 - to date). Three characteristic periods can be singled out in the development of forestry education and science at the Faculty of Forestry in Zagreb in the course of 120 years: the first half of the 20th century, the second half of the 20th century and the first half of the 21st century. The first half of the 20th century witnessed a surge in the Croatian forestry, which can primarily be attributed to the development of higher forestry education and science at the Academy of Forestry and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Zagreb. Among the most important contributions of university forestry education and science in Croatia are the establishment of the Zagreb School of Silviculture and the beginnings of organized and systematic scientific research in forestry. The second half of the 20th century is characterized by the blossoming of higher forestry education and science in Croatia, which had a direct impact on the condition of forests and the development of practical forestry. During this period, the Croatian forestry, science and practice became an outstanding example of mutual cooperation and powerful development, which brought about an improvement in the condition of forests in Croatia as a whole. The forestry practice firmly adhered to the principles of the Zagreb School of Silviculture, an orientation towards natural regeneration, natural stand structure, and natural, diverse and stable forests. This trend has continued in the 21st century. The new age has given rise to vast changes and challenges in higher forestry education and science. The crisis of forestry, which has gradually been evolving over the past fifteen years, has had its repercussions on the basic activity of the Faculty: higher education and science. Today, the Faculty of Forestry is confronted with two serious challenges: lesser interest of young people in studying and a reduced intensity and scope of scientific research in forest ecosystems. There are no objective reasons for either of the above, however. Forests are the most widespread and the most important natural wealth in the continental part of the Republic of Croatia. There are currently a large number of job openings in forestry and urban forestry, as well as in nature and environment protection, and this trend will continue to rise in the future. The Croatian forest ecosystems are facing growing numbers of challenges and problems. On the other hand, there are fewer and fewer workers in forestry. In view of this, there is no reason for crisis in one of the most natural and oldest studies at the University of Zagreb. On the contrary, forestry experts have splendid prospects in today’s ecological, economic and social conditions. The task of the Faculty is to adjust itself and its basic products, experts in the management of forest ecosystems of the Republic of Croatia, to new challenges. Forestry practice and forestry science must work together, just as they have done throughout the long forestry history. Only be doing so will their development be ensured in accordance with the definition: forestry is a science, profession and art of managing and preserving forest ecosystems for the permanent benefit of man, society, environment and economy.

scholarly journals The theory of lie: from the sophists to socrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Evgeny Nesmeyanov ◽  
Yulia Petrova ◽  
Nazhavat Abueva ◽  
Aliya Ismailova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Real Practice ◽  
Unlimited Amount

The last third of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century show the growth of scientific and especially, scientific-promotional papers on the problems of the particularities and forms of existence of deception and lie in European culture and social life. The concepts have emerged, proving the necessity and value of certain forms of lies for the preservation of the state, the family, and the implementation of the real practice of human communication: the existence of such activities as diplomacy, business, art and others. In some psychological and pedagogical papers define the idea of the importance of lie and deception for the development of the child’s intellectual abilities, and the success of the adult in the society. With almost unlimited amount of such literature of different theoretical levels, synthesizing the «philosophical and cultural studies of lies and deception» are much less. The papers devoted to the emergence of the first attempts of the theoretical explanation of the established practice of lying and deceiving with the help of rationally constructed theoretical constructions are not enough. This article is an attempt to fill this gap partially.

Roderick Peattie’s Mountain Geography – A Critique and Field Study (1936)

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
David R Butler
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
English Language ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mountain Landscapes ◽  
Mountain Geography

Roderick Peattie’s book, Mountain Geography – A Critique and Field Study (1936), is a classic work that established a format for English-language books on the subject of mountain geography that largely persists to the present day. Peattie’s work was based primarily on an extended period of study in the mountains of western Europe. His book reflects a strong Eurocentric view of mountain landscapes that carries over into late-20th century and 21st century English-language books on mountain landscapes.

Museum Education and the Epistemological Turn

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Pérez López
Keyword(s):  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Postmodern Theory ◽  
Critical Museology

Education has been part of museum identity since its inception. However, in the second half of the 20th century, the educational role gradually became the main goal: the museum has become a social institution whose educational nature legitimizes its social relevance and secures its survival in the 21st century. The spread of education to all areas of the museum, commonly called the “educational turn,” is the reason behind the conceptual change that is taking place in the postmodern museum, which has its origin in educational theory. In the last decades of the 20th century, the concept of learning as the transmission of information from an informed source to a passive receiver was replaced by the constructivist notion that learning is an active process dependent on the learner’s previous knowledge and experiences. At about the same time, critical pedagogy—as critical museology—brought a critical attitude within the museum, directed to identify structures of power and authority in order to give voice to traditionally excluded communities, and postmodernism added the idea of knowledge as something unstable and skepticism about the Western metanarratives of modernity. Constructivism, critical pedagogy, and postmodern theory contributed to the epistemological turn that the 21st-century museum faces. The change in learning theories and communication models in the postmodern museum, as a result of the epistemological turn, threatens the role of the institution as the only interpretive authority, by turning its message—previously considered a universal truth—into a point of view. The museum faces the challenge of becoming a meaning-making scenario where visitors can make connections and design their own learning experiences. The museum of the 21st century has forged a more egalitarian relationship with society.

Poetry of East Africa: from the mid-20th till present

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
First Time

The book deals with the development of English and Swahili poetry in three East African countries: Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. It covers the period from the late 1960s to the present day. For the first time in the world African literary studies, the researcher created a comprehensive picture of the East African literary process of the second half of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. The author analyzes two branches of modern East African poetry, such as the English-language poetry of Uganda and Kenya and the Swahili poetry of Kenya and Tanzania, by dwelling on the works of over 30 modern East African poets. An extensive poetic corpus is used to characterize its themes and artistic features. The poetry of modern East African authors is analyzed considering the culture, traditions, and realities of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania.

scholarly journals Imperfect and Transrational Interpretations of Peace(s)

Prospectiva ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Peace Studies ◽  
La Paz ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Positivist Approach

This essay was originally written in English for the conference Debates en torno a la paz imperfecta, organized by the University of Granada/Spain in May 2016 in order to honor the late Francisco A. Muñoz Muñoz, whose research in matters of peace was iconic. . The focus of the essay is the epistemological development of peace studies as an academic discipline from its structuralist and post-structuralist roots in the 20th century to its interpretations in the 21st century. It well regards the positivist approach of the Scandinavian schools, appreciates the influence of the seminal work of Adam Curle and the following generation of scholars at Bradford University in Great Britain ion continental Europe, but places emphasis on the Many Peaces approach that emerged on the one hand in Spain with the groundbreaking work of Vicent Martinez Guzman and Francisco A. Muñoz under the titles Hacer las Paces and La paz imperfecta, and the Transrational Peace Philosophy developed in the University of Innsbruck in Austria. The main focus of this essay is to discuss the differences and similarities between these current leading streams of the discipline.

scholarly journals The Europe-Balkan and primitive-civilised antinomies in Micić's Zenit Magazine

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
Dijana Metlić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Great War ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Great War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geographical Space

Ljubomir Micić was the founder of Zenitism and the editor of Zenit, the international avant-garde magazine published in Zagreb and Belgrade from 1921 to 1926. Sharply criticising a decadent European culture after the Great War and accepting progressive avant-garde ideas, Micić praised the New art founded on the principles of NEO-primitivism and Russian constructivism, following the technological and scientific progress of the 20th century. Analysing the Zenitist Balkanisation of Europe project led by Barbarogenius, I will point out to Micić's attitude towards the old continent, his efforts to oppose the image of the Balkans as "the inner other of Europe", and his aspiration to revive European culture with the primordial Balkan energy. Declaring the Balkans the sixth continent, the geographical space of the poets, Micić postulated a model of cultural barbarism by which he stood against the established primacy of Western European nations over those that were characterised "less civilised". This paper aims to point out to Micić's understanding of the relationship between the Balkans and Europe, as well as the so-called primitive-civilised opposition, in order to highlight internationalism, pacifism and cosmopolitanism as the key elements of his Zenitosophy

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