scholarly journals HYPOMAGNESAEMIA AND HYPOCALCAEMIA THE MAJOR MISSED OUT CLINICAL CONDITION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Divya S ◽  
Fahima Sheerin SMH ◽  
Chindhiha S ◽  
Suganthi M ◽  
Sherafin Vincy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Insulin Synthesis ◽  
Hypoglycaemic Agents

Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) is one of the essential factors for the insulin to get released from the pancreatic cell. To evaluate the relation of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia in the glycaemic control and to analyse the importance of both Mg and Ca in the insulin secretion mechanism. The study was conducted in the laboratory department, Billroth hospitals. A total of 239 individuals were selected for this study, HbA1c level, serum magnesium and calcium were assessed for all the individuals and in addition to this serum electrolytes were also checked. Out of 239 individuals, 79 were found out as uncontrolled diabetic by calculating HbA1c as a gold standard, males are higher in ratio compared to female. By studying serum magnesium and calcium level, hypocalcaemia is present in more individuals and females (31%) are much prone to both than males (20%). The different correlation was also analysed for hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia. The electrolytes like sodium (Na) and potassium (K) was analysed, females are highly affected by electrolyte imbalance but in hypomagnesemia diabetic individuals the males are high in electrolyte imbalance. Since Mg and Ca plays a vital role in insulin synthesis, secretion, repair, and the alteration, along with the hypoglycaemic agents the supplementation of magnesium or calcium could be suggested via, dietary or drug supplements. In addition to this, regular monitoring of electrolytes is essential to maintain fluid balance.

scholarly journals What Is the Metabolic Amplification of Insulin Secretion and Is It (Still) Relevant?

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Ingo Rustenbeck ◽  
Torben Schulze ◽  
Mai Morsi ◽  
Mohammed Alshafei ◽  
Uwe Panten
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Secretory Response ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Insulin Synthesis ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Insulin Granules

The pancreatic beta-cell transduces the availability of nutrients into the secretion of insulin. While this process is extensively modified by hormones and neurotransmitters, it is the availability of nutrients, above all glucose, which sets the process of insulin synthesis and secretion in motion. The central role of the mitochondria in this process was identified decades ago, but how changes in mitochondrial activity are coupled to the exocytosis of insulin granules is still incompletely understood. The identification of ATP-sensitive K+-channels provided the link between the level of adenine nucleotides and the electrical activity of the beta cell, but the depolarization-induced Ca2+-influx into the beta cells, although necessary for stimulated secretion, is not sufficient to generate the secretion pattern as produced by glucose and other nutrient secretagogues. The metabolic amplification of insulin secretion is thus the sequence of events that enables the secretory response to a nutrient secretagogue to exceed the secretory response to a purely depolarizing stimulus and is thus of prime importance. Since the cataplerotic export of mitochondrial metabolites is involved in this signaling, an orienting overview on the topic of nutrient secretagogues beyond glucose is included. Their judicious use may help to define better the nature of the signals and their mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Study of effect of serum magnesium concentration on clinical outcome of critically sick patients in medical intensive care unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1812
Author(s):  
Ganedi S. Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Ventilator Support ◽  
Male Predominance

Background: Deficiency of magnesium is common and often ignored. It is associated with cardiac irregularity, cardiac insufficiency, seizure and electrolyte imbalance. As this element has multiple functions in our body it is important in the pathophysiology of several critical illnesses in intensive care unit (ICU). Hence the present study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of admission serum magnesium levels with regards to patient outcome considering mortality, need and duration of ventilator support, and acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation 2 (APACHE 2) score.Methods: Demographic data such as age and sex were recorded. Patients were assessed for presenting complaints, history of other diseases and habits through an interview with the patients or care giver. These findings were recorded on a predesigned proforma patients was followed up for the outcomes such as mortality, need of ventilator support, duration of ICU stay and APACHE 2 score.Results: Regarding comparison between outcome of patients between two groups, 44% patients with magnesium level <1.7 mg/dl have improved and 72% patient didn’t improve. 44% patients with magnesium level >1.7 mg/dl have improved and 28% patient didn’t improve.Conclusions: From present observational study we can conclude that hypomagnesaemia is more common in patients more than 50 years of age and with male predominance. Pneumonia with septicaemia and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) was commonly associated with hypomagnesaemia. In present study we have observed that hypomagnesaemia is associated with high APACHE 2 score, poor outcome and more requirement of ventilatory support.

scholarly journals Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Young Offspring of Female Rats with Hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhoujun Liu ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Guofang Chen ◽  
Xiaodong Mao ◽  
Xiao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Insulin Synthesis ◽  
Young Offspring

Purpose. Because thyroid hormones from the maternal thyroid glands are known to influence the growth, development, and metabolic functioning of offspring, we used a rat model to preliminarily investigate the effects of maternal hypothyroidism on glucose metabolism, pancreas cell proliferation, and insulin production in young male offspring and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods. Female rats were divided into a maternal hypothyroidism (MH) group, which received water containing 0.02% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil before and during pregnancy to induce hypothyroidism, and a control group which consumed tap water. Results. Our results showed that there were no differences of islets structure between the offspring from the two groups, but glucose metabolism was impaired with higher plasma glucose concentrations at 0 and 15 min in the OGTT in 8-week-old offspring of the MH group. From birth to 8 weeks, pancreatic TRβ1 and TRβ2 mRNA level declined significantly in MH offspring, accompanied by decreased Ki67 and insulin mRNA expression. Conclusions. Maternal hypothyroidism results in impaired pancreatic insulin synthesis and pancreatic cell proliferation in neonatal offspring and subsequent glucose intolerance in young offspring, which may be related to TRβ gene downregulation in the pancreas.

Effect of an oxygen-generating scaffold on the viability and insulin secretion function of porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. e12378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Mi Lee ◽  
Ji-In Jung ◽  
Zahid Alam ◽  
Hee-Gyeong Yi ◽  
Heejin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Cell Clusters

scholarly journals Serum magnesium, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β genotype and post-transplant diabetes mellitus: a prospective study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C van der Burgh ◽  
Arthur Moes ◽  
Brenda C T Kieboom ◽  
Teun van Gelder ◽  
Robert Zietse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Retrospective studies suggest that tacrolimus-induced hypomagnesaemia is a risk factor for post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), but prospective studies are lacking. Methods This was a prospective study with measurements of serum magnesium and tacrolimus at pre-specified time points in the first year after living donor kidney transplantation (KT). The role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) was also explored because HNF1β regulates insulin secretion and renal magnesium handling. Repeated measurement and regression analyses were used to analyse associations with PTDM. Results In our cohort, 29 out of 167 kidney transplant recipients developed PTDM after 1 year (17%). Higher tacrolimus concentrations were significantly associated with lower serum magnesium and increased risk of hypomagnesaemia. Patients who developed PTDM had a significantly lower serum magnesium trajectory than patients who did not develop PTDM. In multivariate analysis, lower serum magnesium, age and body mass index were independent risk factors for PTDM. In recipients, the HNF1β SNP rs752010 G > A significantly increased the risk of PTDM [odds ratio (OR) = 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–6.23] but not of hypomagnesaemia. This association lost significance after correction for age and sex (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 0.90–5.57). No association between HNF1β SNPs and PTDM was found in corresponding donors. Conclusions A lower serum magnesium in the first year after KT is an independent risk factor for PTDM. The HNF1β SNP rs752010 G > A may add to this risk through an effect on insulin secretion rather than hypomagnesaemia, but its role requires further confirmation.

Effect of Androctonus bicolor scorpion venom on serum electrolytes in rats: A 24-h time–course study

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Al-Asmari ◽  
HA Khan ◽  
RA Manthiri
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
The Family ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Time Course Study ◽  
Course Of Study

Black fat-tailed scorpion ( Androctonus bicolor) belongs to the family Buthidae and is one of the most venomous scorpions in the world. The effects of A. bicolor venom on serum electrolytes were not known and therefore investigated in this study. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups with five animals in each group. One of the groups served as control and received vehicle only. The animals in the remaining groups received a single subcutaneous injection of crude A. bicolor venom (200 μg/kg bodyweight) and were killed at different time intervals including 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h after venom injection. The results showed that scorpion venom caused significant increase in serum sodium levels within 30 min after injection which slightly subsided after 1 h and then persisted over 24 h. Serum potassium levels continued to significantly increase until 4 h and then slightly subsided. There were significant decreases in serum magnesium (Mg+) levels following scorpion venom injection, at all the time points during the course of study. Serum calcium levels were significantly increased during the entire course of study, whereas serum chloride was significantly decreased. In conclusion, A. bicolor envenomation in rats caused severe and persistent hypomagnesemia with accompanied hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypercalcemia. It is important to measure serum Mg+ levels in victims of scorpion envenomation, and patients with severe Mg+ deficiency should be treated accordingly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document