Schweizer Wald und die CO2-Problematik – ein Diskussionsbeitrag | The CO2-problem and forests in Switzerland – towards a discussion

2002 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
Forestry Policy ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Agricultural Diversity

Implementing the decisions taken in Bonn and Marrakech to meet resolutions set out in the Kyoto protocol provides Switzerland with the possibility of using the forest to reduce CO2 and to help meet the Swiss reductions goal. But how are climate policy and forest policy goals related in Switzerland?Using data from Switzerland's forests, climate and forest policy goals are set side by side and compared. We ascertain that many of the fixed goals have a common basis. The use of fossil fuels, for example, as far as wood is concerned, benefits both climate protection and Swiss forest management. However,from the point of view of the forests, negative incentives were created by the Kyoto protocol, that lead to the temptation of maximising the storage function of the forest which overlooks aspects of biological and agricultural diversity. Accordingly, this contribution is a call to all interested parties in Switzerland's forests to involve themselves in finding an active solution, which takes both climate and forestry policy into account.

The Kyoto Protocol and European energy policy

European View ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio De Filippis ◽  
Giovanni Scarano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
European Energy Policy ◽  
The Creation

During the lead up to and assessment of the Copenhagen Climate Conference in November 2009, the effects of the celebrated Kyoto Protocol were often overlooked. Although the aims of the Kyoto Protocol can be relegated to the dustbin of history, the targets set out in the agreement allowed Europe to put itself in a dominant position. Not only did the Kyoto Protocol force Europe to invest heavily in green technologies, but in addition it led to the creation of a European energy policy with the aim of reducing Europe's dependence on fossil fuels which can be seen, from a strategic point of view, as an undesirable dependence on sources abroad.

scholarly journals Föderaler Vollzug der Schweizer Waldpolitik – ein Erfolgsmodell?

2020 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
David Walker ◽  
Thomas Abt
Keyword(s):  
Forest Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
New System

Federal implementation of Swiss forest policy – a success story? Forest policy is considered a joint responsibility between the Confederation and the cantons. The Federal Constitution lays the foundations for the cooperation between the two levels (sovereignty of the cantons, subsidiarity, cooperation based on partnership). Vertical and horizontal institutions have emerged for the necessary processes of exchange in the federal system. In the context of the implementation of the new system of financial equalisation and allocation of tasks between the Confederation and the cantons (NFA), the joint responsibility for forest policy is regularly called into question. Forest policy can be used as an example to show what the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of implementation in a federal system are. From the point of view of forest policy actors, federal implementation can certainly be described as a successful model. However, the model has potential for improvement. First, the involvement of the cantons in federal processes can be optimised. Second, the positive aspects should be put into perspective because certain forest policy goals have not been achieved for decades.

scholarly journals Forest policy goals in Poland in light of the current forestry aims in Europe Part 5. Towards a new forestry development strategy in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
Adam Kaliszewski
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Forestry Policy ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
National Forest Policy

Abstract The aim of this paper was to review and evaluate drafts of forest policy documents that have been developed for the purpose of updating the Polish “National Forest Policy” of 1997, but never entered into force. A total of 14 documents were covered in this analysis including 13 Regional Operational Programmes of the National Forest Policy and the draft of the National Forest Programme (NFP) developed in 2000–2005, as well as nearly 300 recommendations for the “second” NFP, elaborated in 2012–2016. Very soon after the “National Forest Policy” came into force, it turned out that it needed to be adjusted to changing legal, social and economic conditions. The first attempts to revise and amend the document were made already in 2000. As a result, until 2004, 17 Regional Operational Programmes of the National Forestry Policy were developed and, on that basis, until mid-2005 a draft for a new NFP was worked out. However, the draft was neither adopted nor did it ever enter into force. The second attempt to work out the NFP was made in 2012 and resulted in the development of nearly 300 recommendations to the programme. However, to date, the NFP itself has not been finished. Most of the documents examined here refer to the current priorities of the European forest policy, and thus they would close gaps in the Polish “National Forest Policy”. In this context, the recommendations to the “second” NFP are of great importance, because they were prepared through a wide participation of various stakeholders and they refer to a wide range of problems, propose specific legal regulations, as well as indicate directions for further development of the Polish forest sector. However, the completion of the NFP is a matter of political decision that rests with the Council of Ministers.

The Swiss Case. Main Results of the Sustainability Assessment of Swiss Forest Policy and its Merits in an International Context

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 480-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Patosaari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
International Context ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Areas Of Concern

Mandated by the Swiss Forestry Agency, a group of internationally recognised experts drew up a sustainability assessment of Swiss forest policy. In this paper, the author, himself a member of the expert panel, presents the main results of this study. The strong protection regime of forests, for instance, is seen as one of the strengths of Swiss forest policy, whereas the lack of economic efficiency as well as the lack of clear policy goals with corresponding evaluation criteria have been identified as areas of concern.

16 Jahre waldpolitisch relevante Prozesse im Buwal / Bafu | 16 years of processes at the SAEFL / FOEN relevant to forest policy

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Schärer
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Service Organisation ◽  
Federal Structure ◽  
National Forest Policy

At the level of the federal government, since 1990 there have been at least 16 important processes relevant to forest policy. These processes mainly ran in parallel, but were in part contradictory,sometimes they were complementary and synergies were also achieved. The processes are divided into three main categories (processes triggered by nature, by the surroundings and self-initiated processes). They are briefly described and evaluated from a personal, forest policy point of view. Seven points for thought are used to show what needs to be taken into account in future national forest policy. Finally the Swiss forest service organisation is compared with another federal structure of an NGO, namely the organisational structure of Pro Senectute, the author's new area of work.

scholarly journals India’s Commitments to Increase Tree and Forest Cover: Consequences for Water Supply and Agriculture Production within the Central Indian Highlands

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Benjamin Clark ◽  
Ruth DeFries ◽  
Jagdish Krishnaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Central India ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Impact

As part of its nationally determined contributions as well as national forest policy goals, India plans to boost tree cover to 33% of its land area. Land currently under other uses will require tree-plantations or reforestation to achieve this goal. This paper examines the effects of converting cropland to tree or forest cover in the Central India Highlands (CIH). The paper examines the impact of increased forest cover on groundwater infiltration and recharge, which are essential for sustainable Rabi (winter, non-monsoon) season irrigation and agricultural production. Field measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) linked to hydrological modeling estimate increased forest cover impact on the CIH hydrology. Kfs tests in 118 sites demonstrate a significant land cover effect, with forest cover having a higher Kfs of 20.2 mm hr−1 than croplands (6.7mm hr−1). The spatial processes in hydrology (SPHY) model simulated forest cover from 2% to 75% and showed that each basin reacts differently, depending on the amount of agriculture under paddy. Paddy agriculture can compensate for low infiltration through increased depression storage, allowing for continuous infiltration and groundwater recharge. Expanding forest cover to 33% in the CIH would reduce groundwater recharge by 7.94 mm (−1%) when converting the average cropland and increase it by 15.38 mm (3%) if reforestation is conducted on non-paddy agriculture. Intermediate forest cover shows however shows potential for increase in net benefits.

scholarly journals Determinants of Corporate Anti-Corruption Disclosure: The Case of the Emerging Economics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3462
Author(s):  
Maider Aldaz Odriozola ◽  
Igor Álvarez Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect

Corruption is a key factor that affects countries’ development, with emerging countries being a geographical area in which it tends to generate greater negative effects. However, few empirical studies analyze corruption from the point of view of disclosure by companies in this relevant geographical area. Based on a regression analysis using data from the 96 large companies from 15 emerging countries included in the 2016 International Transparency Report, this paper seeks to understand what determinants affect such disclosure. In that context, this paper provides empirical evidence to understand the factors that influence reporting on anti-corruption mechanisms in an area of high economic importance that has been little studied to date, pointing to the positive effect of press freedom in a country where the company is located and with the industry being the unique control variable that strengthens this relationship.

A short-term decline in anthropogenic emission of CO2 in India due to COVID-19 confinement

2020 ◽  
pp. 030913332096674
Author(s):  
Bikash Ranjan Parida ◽  
Somnath Bar ◽  
Nilendu Singh ◽  
Bakimchandra Oinam ◽  
Arvind Chandra Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

To curb the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19), confinement measures were undertaken, which altered the pattern of energy consumption and India’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions during the effective lockdowns periods (January to June 2020). Such changes are being analyzed using data of energy generated from coal and renewable sources and fossil-based daily CO2 emissions. Results revealed that coal-fired (fossil-based) energy generation fell by –13% in March, –29% in April, and –20% in May, and –16.6% in mid-June 2020 as compared with the same period in 2018–2019. Conversely, the renewable energy generation increased by 19% in March, 12% in April, 17% in May, and 7% in June 2020. The share of fossil-based energy fell by –6.55% in 2020 compared with mean levels, which was further offset by increases of renewable energy. India’s daily fossil-based CO2 emissions fell by –11.6% (–5 to –25.7%) by mid-June 2020 compared with mean levels of 2017–2019 with total change in fossil-based CO2 emission by –139 (–62 to –230) MtCO2, with the largest reduction in the industry (–41%), transport (–28.5%), and power (–21%) followed by the public (–5.4%), and aviation (–4%) sectors. If some levels of lockdown persist until December 2020, both energy consumption and CO2 emissions patterns would be below the 2019 level. The nationwide lockdown has led to a reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions and, subsequently, improved air quality and global environment and has also helped in reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations at the local level but not on the global level. With suitable government policies, switching to a cleaner mode of energy generation other than fossil fuels could be a viable option to minimize CO2 emissions under increasing demand for energy.

scholarly journals Pan-European sustainable forest management indicators for assessing Climate-Smart Forestry in Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
G. Santopuoli ◽  
C. Temperli ◽  
I. Alberdi ◽  
I. Barbeito ◽  
M. Bosela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Management Indicators ◽  
Using Data

The increasing demand for innovative forest management strategies to adapt to and mitigate climate change and benefit forest production, the so-called Climate-Smart Forestry, calls for a tool to monitor and evaluate their implementation and their effects on forest development over time. The pan-European set of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management is considered one of the most important tools for assessing many aspects of forest management and sustainability. This study offers an analytical approach to selecting a subset of indicators to support the implementation of Climate-Smart Forestry. Based on a literature review and the analytical hierarchical approach, 10 indicators were selected to assess, in particular, mitigation and adaptation. These indicators were used to assess the state of the Climate-Smart Forestry trend in Europe from 1990 to 2015 using data from the reports on the State of Europe’s Forests. Forest damage, tree species composition, and carbon stock were the most important indicators. Though the trend was overall positive with regard to adaptation and mitigation, its evaluation was partly hindered by the lack of data. We advocate for increased efforts to harmonize international reporting and for further integrating the goals of Climate-Smart Forestry into national- and European-level forest policy making.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF JIGSAW UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI PADA SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Bandi Usman ◽  
Khairil Akbar ◽  
Kurnia Dyah Anggorowati
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Using Data

Abstrak: This study aims to increase student learning motivation in the field of physical education, sports and health. The learning model used is the application of the learning model through cooperative jigsaw to increase learning motivation in the field of physical education, sports and healthfor fifth grade students. Classroom action research (PTK) is carriedout using data collection techniques, namely motivation tests and questionnaires. The results of this study showed that in cycle 1, the average value of student learning motivation was 73% in the motivated category but not yet complete. Then in cycle II obtained a percentage of learning motivation of 90% categorized as motivated according to the success criteria and seen from the point of view of the maximum completeness criteria (KKM) students are said to be complete. The percentage of increasing learning motivation from cycle I to cycle II was 17%. The jigsaw cooperative learning model can increase student motivation, especially in sports and health physical education subjects.Keywords: learning Model, motivation to learn physical education sports and health.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa pada bidang studi Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah penerapan model pembelajaran melalui kooperatif Jigsaw untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar pada bidang studi Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan pada siswa kelas V, dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan teknik pengumpulan data yakni tes dan angket motivasi. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh siklus I nilai rata-rata motivasi belajar siswa presentase sebesar 73% kategori termotivasi tetapi belum tuntas. Kemudian pada siklus II diperoleh presentase motivasi belajar sebesar 90% dikategorikan termotivasi sesuai kriteria keberhasilan dan dilihat dari sudut pandang kriteria ketuntasan maksimal (KKM) siswa sudah dikatakan tuntas. Presentase peningkatan motivasi belajar siklus I ke siklus II yaitu 17%. Model pembelajaran kooperatif jigsaw dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, terutama pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan.Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan

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