Bodenschäden durch Freizeitaktivitäten im Wald: Regeneration durch Einzäunen

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Rusterholz ◽  
Bruno Baur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Vegetation Parameters ◽  
Recreational Use

Soil damage from recreational activities in forests: regeneration by fencing Urban forests are popular recreation areas. Recreational activities, particularly the use of picnic places and playing areas, can cause damages to soil and above-ground vegetation, which in turn negatively affect other forest functions. Forest management plans propose management tools for resolving these conflicts. So far, little is known concerning the restoration success of temporary fencing of heavily impacted forest areas in order to prevent any further recreational use. Here, we report the results of a field experiment designed to examine the effects of fencing and soil scarification upon regeneration of soil and above-ground vegetation in a highly impacted forest in Allschwil, Switzerland. We assessed different soil and vegetation parameters in plots with and without soil scarification in the fenced area in the year before the regeneration experiment was initiated and over the following seven years. In parallel, the same variables were recorded in an undisturbed area and in an area with ongoing recreational use. Our study showed successful regeneration of the formerly degenerated soil and ground vegetation within seven years. In addition, the scarification of the upper soil layer accelerated regeneration of some soil parameters but had no effect on ground vegetation. We conclude that temporary fencing is a useful tool for the restoration of forest soil and vegetation in areas heavily impacted by recreational activities.

scholarly journals A near-global, high resolution land surface parameter dataset for the variable infiltration capacity model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob R. Schaperow ◽  
Dongyue Li ◽  
Steven A. Margulis ◽  
Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Variable Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Vic Model ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Land Surface Parameter ◽  
Vegetation Parameters

AbstractHydrologic models predict the spatial and temporal distribution of water and energy at the land surface. Currently, parameter availability limits global-scale hydrologic modelling to very coarse resolution, hindering researchers from resolving fine-scale variability. With the aim of addressing this problem, we present a set of globally consistent soil and vegetation parameters for the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model at 1/16° resolution (approximately 6 km at the equator), with spatial coverage from 60°S to 85°N. Soil parameters derived from interpolated soil profiles and vegetation parameters estimated from space-based MODIS measurements have been compiled into input files for both the Classic and Image drivers of the VIC model, version 5. Geographical subsetting codes are provided, as well. Our dataset provides all necessary land surface parameters to run the VIC model at regional to global scale. We evaluate VICGlobal’s ability to simulate the water balance in the Upper Colorado River basin and 12 smaller basins in the CONUS, and their ability to simulate the radiation budget at six SURFRAD stations in the CONUS.

scholarly journals Effects of a Short-Term Trampling Experiment on Alpine Vegetation in the Tatras, Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2750
Author(s):  
Veronika Piscová ◽  
Michal Ševčík ◽  
Juraj Hreško ◽  
František Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Alpine Communities

Over the past decades, outdoor recreation in mountains has become progressively more important and as a result human induced potential damage has increased. Alpine communities are particularly susceptible to human recreational activities, such as tourist trampling. Although there are a number of studies that explicitly assess the effects of trampling on alpine communities, they do not reflect on terrains with a rich topography and the presence of more communities in very small areas. In this study, effects of short-term trampling on some alpine communities in the Tatras, the highest mountains of the Carpathians, were studied experimentally. Vulnerability to disturbance was compared among plant communities in terms of resistance and resilience, which are based on cover measurements. With proximity to trampling intensity, we found a significant decrease in plant cover and abundance of deciduous shrubs, lichens, and mosses. These results demonstrate that human trampling in alpine communities has major negative impacts on lichen and moss abundance and species richness. A short-term trampling experiment required several years of community regeneration. Therefore, management plans should discourage hiking activity off paths and restrict recreational activities.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Soil Electrical Parameters and Compaction of Sandy Clay Loam Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pentoś ◽  
Krzysztof Pieczarka ◽  
Kamil Serwata
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Additional Information

Soil spatial variability mapping allows the delimitation of the number of soil samples investigated to describe agricultural areas; it is crucial in precision agriculture. Electrical soil parameters are promising factors for the delimitation of management zones. One of the soil parameters that affects yield is soil compaction. The objective of this work was to indicate electrical parameters useful for the delimitation of management zones connected with soil compaction. For this purpose, the measurement of apparent soil electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility was conducted at two depths: 0.5 and 1 m. Soil compaction was measured for a soil layer at 0–0.5 m. Relationships between electrical soil parameters and soil compaction were modelled with the use of two types of neural networks—multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). Better prediction quality was observed for RBF models. It can be stated that in the mathematical model, the apparent soil electrical conductivity affects soil compaction significantly more than magnetic susceptibility. However, magnetic susceptibility gives additional information about soil properties, and therefore, both electrical parameters should be used simultaneously for the delimitation of management zones.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil and Vegetation Parameters in the ECMWF Land Surface Scheme

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1131-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Richter ◽  
A. W. Western ◽  
F. H. S. Chiew
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Lower Boundary Condition ◽  
Land Surface Scheme ◽  
Vegetation Parameters ◽  
Surface Scheme

Abstract Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and climate models are sensitive to evapotranspiration at the land surface. This sensitivity requires the prediction of realistic surface moisture and heat fluxes by land surface models that provide the lower boundary condition for the atmospheric models. This paper compares simulations of a stand-alone version of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) land surface scheme, or the Viterbo and Beljaars scheme (VB95), with various soil and vegetation parameter sets against soil moisture observations across the Murrumbidgee River catchment in southeast Australia. The study is, in part, motivated by the adoption of VB95 as the operational land surface scheme by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in 1999. VB95 can model the temporal fluctuations in soil moisture, and therefore the moisture fluxes, fairly realistically. The monthly model latent heat flux is also fairly insensitive to soil or vegetation parameters. The VB95 soil moisture is sensitive to the soil and, to a lesser degree, the vegetation parameters. The model exhibits a significant (generally wet) bias in the absolute soil moisture that varies spatially. The use of the best Australia-wide available soils and vegetation information did not improve VB95 simulations consistently, compared with the original model parameters. Comparisons of model and observed soil moistures revealed that more realistic soil parameters are needed to reduce the model soil moisture bias. Given currently available continent-wide soils parameters, any initialization of soil moisture with observed values would likely result in significant flux errors. The soil moisture bias could be largely eliminated by using soil parameters that were derived directly from the actual soil moisture observations. Such parameters, however, are only available at very few point locations.

scholarly journals Intercropping cover crops with a poplar short rotation coppice: Effects on nutrient uptake and biomass production

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Silvestri ◽  
Vittoria Giannini ◽  
Daniele Antichi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Short Rotation

The risks of soil erosion and nutrient leaching can be considered appreciable in short rotation coppices especially in the first growth phases because of the absence of any plant cover. The temporary intercropping with legumes or grasses used as cover crops can help to overcome these environmental issues. The present research work aims to evaluate the effects of the introduction of cover crops in a short rotation poplar (Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall) with two-year harvest cycle. The plantation was located in a Typic Xerofluvent, silty-loam soil of the coastal Central Italy. Two different species of cover crops, Trifolium subterraneum L. (TS) and Lolium perenne L. (LP), were compared along with an untreated control, colonised by spontaneous vegetation (CO). Several plant and soil parameters were evaluated: the above ground biomass and nutrient accumulation for the three different soil cover types, the nitrate and water content in two soil layers (0.00-0.30 and 0.30-0.60 m), the poplar yield and nutrient content in branches and leaves. TS returned to the soil about 70 kg ha–1 of nitrogen at the end of its biological cycle, thanks to the high N content (over 2%) and to the noticeable amount of dry matter produced (3.46 t ha–1 of dry matter). This value was considerably higher than those of the LP (23 kg ha–1 of N) or CO (10 kg ha–1). The different amount of nitrogen returned to the soil affected both nitrate concentration in topsoil (0.00-0.30 m) and accumulation of nitrogen in poplar organs. Concerning phosphorous, the differences among treatments were less evident and the amount of P returned to the soil ranged from 2 (CO) to 10 (TS) kg ha–1. However, the effect of soil cover type on P uptake in poplar was still appreciable. Generally, the soil water content was slightly affected by the soil cover types. Indeed, the differences between the cover crops and the control became significant only in the shallowest soil layer and over the summer season. In the first year, LP induced a significant decrease in poplar yield (10.1 t ha–1 of dry matter) in comparison with TS (14.7 t ha–1) and CO (13.4 t ha–1), whereas in the second year there were no significant differences among treatments due to the weak regrowth of cover crops. These results show how to make it feasible a long lasting coexistence between cover crops and SRC, a clever design of agro-forestry systems is therefore needed.

scholarly journals Gypsum, Soil Scarification and Succession Planting as Alternatives to Mitigate Compaction of Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Eduardo Antonio Neves dos Santos ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Jose Mauricio da Cunha ◽  
Fernando Gomes de Souza ◽  
Paulo Guilherme Salvador Wadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems ◽  
The Impact

Understanding and quantifying the impact of soil management and use on its physical properties are essential to the development of sustainable agricultural systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of agricultural gypsum, soil scarification and succession planting on the physical attributes of dystrophic red-yellow latosol in Porto Velho, Rondônia state (RO), Brazil. The treatments used were absence and application of 2000 kg ha-1 of gypsum, absence and use of soil scarification, and three types of crop succession: SF (soybean/fallow), SMF (soybean/maize/fallow) and SMBF (soybean/maize/brachiaria/fallow). A randomized block design was used on eight blocks, for a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Soil parameters assessed were macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil density, moisture content and penetration resistance. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The highest macroporosity and total porosity values were recorded in treatments with gypsum application and soil scarification. Penetration resistance was lower in the SMBF and SMF crop successions. There was no treatment effect on the soil density.

U.S. Research Universities' Institutional Conflict of Interest Policies

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Slaughter ◽  
Maryann P. Feldman ◽  
Scott L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Research Universities ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Review Management ◽  
Association Of American Universities ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Institutional Conflict ◽  
The University

Research universities receive increasing amounts of income from intellectual property, which makes institutional conflict of interest (ICOI) policies increasingly important. We analyzed the content and scope of ICOI policies at 60 research universities in the U.S. Association of American Universities. In particular, we focused on the following categories: Disclosure, review, management, and prohibited or constrained activities. Most of the plans were relatively unelaborated, but 8 were elaborated “university as firm” policies that addressed the way officers and managers acting as agents for the university handled commercial activity through an array of management tools. However, even elaborated current ICOI policies may not be sufficient to manage ICOI because this type of commercial activity is not routine for universities in that faculty discovery or creation of intellectual property is not predictable. Thus, nearly all ICOI is managed on a case-by-case basis by various committees or senior institutional officials. As a result, institutional policy is only as strong as these committees and officers and the management plans they develop and monitor to handle conflicts.

A method for increasing the survival of shallow-water populations of the endemic coral Astroides calycularis

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Terrón-Sigler ◽  
David León-Muez ◽  
Patricio Peñalver-Duque ◽  
Free Espinosa Torre
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Future Management

The increasing human impact at shallow depths may be affecting the Mediterranean endemic coral Astroides calycularis irreversibly. Therefore, management tools need to be developed for use in its conservation. The main aim of this study was to test a reliable attachment methodology for restoring sites where the species has been affected by human activities. We chose an attachment technique using a marine quick-action epoxy resin, completing three treatments (control, transplanted and translocated colonies) in two sites with different hydrodynamic conditions. Control colonies were undisturbed colonies that were not manipulated; translocation colonies were dislodged and reattached in the same place; and transplantation colonies were dislodged and attached in a different area. Translocated colonies showed a higher survival than transplanted ones, and survival was also higher in environments with more hydrodynamism. Regarding growth, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) did not show significant differences among treatments, but significant differences between areas with different hydrodynamic conditions were noted. This study confirms that it is possible to transplant or translocate colonies of this coral with the technique proposed here, which could be used in future management plans for areas impacted by humans.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR NATIONAL PARKS IN SERBIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Dobričić ◽  
◽  
Milica Maksić Mulalić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Strategy Management ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Management Plans

The management of the national parks Tara, Fruška Gora, Djerdap and Kopaonik and the activities of the managers in Serbia are affairs of the public interest. The manner of their strategic management is defined by the legal framework in the field of nature protection and it implies the adoption and the implementation of documents, such as the nature protection strategy, management plans and spatial plans for the special purpose areas. The paper particularly emphasizes the importance of adopting management plans for national parks, as basic documents for their management, as well as their harmonization with the spatial plans for the special purpose areas, as specific instruments for the management of these areas. It points out the importance of establishing governing bodies, such as a professional alliance and a council of users of national parks, which would improve their management and incorporate the interests of local people and users of space. In accordance with the above, this paper aims to point out the importance of strategic management and strategic documents in the field of protection and management of national parks in Serbia and give suggestions for their improvement.

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