scholarly journals Correlation between precipitation and temperature variations in the past 300 years recorded in Guliya ice core, China

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meixue Yang ◽  
Tandong Yao ◽  
Huijun Wang ◽  
Xiaohua Gou
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Guliya Ice Core

AbstractThe Guliya ice cap, on the crest of the Kunlun Shan, central Asia, is an ideal site for acquiring ice cores for climate-change studies. Detailed analyses of the precipitation index (glacier accumulation) and the temperature proxy (δ18O) recorded in the Guliya ice core since 300 years BP show that precipitation correlates with temperature in this region. Climate conditions in the Guliya region since 300 years BP can be separated into three periods: warm and wet from AD 1690 to the end of the 18th century; cold and dry from the 19th century to the 1930s; and warm and wet again since the 1940s. During this period, the climate exhibits just two phases: warm/wet and cold/dry. Comparison of the temperatures and the precipitation recorded in the Guliya ice core shows that variations of temperature and precipitation in the region correlate quite well. However, changes in the precipitation regime appear to lag behind those of the temperature by 20–40 years. We believe this results from the larger heat capacity of the ocean relative to that of the land. Hence, ocean temperatures and corresponding evaporation rates change more slowly than do continental conditions. Additionally, however, positive feedback processes, such as increasing temperatures and precipitation improving vegetation, moisture retention and, hence, local convective precipitation probably play an important role. In this paper, we explain how the timescale of evolving vegetation and the feedback mechanism between precipitation and the temperature could help explain why the changes in precipitation lag those of temperature by 20–40 years over long periods. Taking this time lag into account, we should be able to predict future precipitation trends, based on observed temperature trends.

scholarly journals Glacier ice archives nearly 15,000-year-old microbes and phages

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ping Zhong ◽  
Funing Tian ◽  
Simon Roux ◽  
M. Consuelo Gazitúa ◽  
Natalie E. Solonenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Functional Genome

Abstract Background Glacier ice archives information, including microbiology, that helps reveal paleoclimate histories and predict future climate change. Though glacier-ice microbes are studied using culture or amplicon approaches, more challenging metagenomic approaches, which provide access to functional, genome-resolved information and viruses, are under-utilized, partly due to low biomass and potential contamination. Results We expand existing clean sampling procedures using controlled artificial ice-core experiments and adapted previously established low-biomass metagenomic approaches to study glacier-ice viruses. Controlled sampling experiments drastically reduced mock contaminants including bacteria, viruses, and free DNA to background levels. Amplicon sequencing from eight depths of two Tibetan Plateau ice cores revealed common glacier-ice lineages including Janthinobacterium, Polaromonas, Herminiimonas, Flavobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium as the dominant genera, while microbial communities were significantly different between two ice cores, associating with different climate conditions during deposition. Separately, ~355- and ~14,400-year-old ice were subject to viral enrichment and low-input quantitative sequencing, yielding genomic sequences for 33 vOTUs. These were virtually all unique to this study, representing 28 novel genera and not a single species shared with 225 environmentally diverse viromes. Further, 42.4% of the vOTUs were identifiable temperate, which is significantly higher than that in gut, soil, and marine viromes, and indicates that temperate phages are possibly favored in glacier-ice environments before being frozen. In silico host predictions linked 18 vOTUs to co-occurring abundant bacteria (Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Janthinobacterium), indicating that these phages infected ice-abundant bacterial groups before being archived. Functional genome annotation revealed four virus-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes, particularly two motility genes suggest viruses potentially facilitate nutrient acquisition for their hosts. Finally, given their possible importance to methane cycling in ice, we focused on Methylobacterium viruses by contextualizing our ice-observed viruses against 123 viromes and prophages extracted from 131 Methylobacterium genomes, revealing that the archived viruses might originate from soil or plants. Conclusions Together, these efforts further microbial and viral sampling procedures for glacier ice and provide a first window into viral communities and functions in ancient glacier environments. Such methods and datasets can potentially enable researchers to contextualize new discoveries and begin to incorporate glacier-ice microbes and their viruses relative to past and present climate change in geographically diverse regions globally.

scholarly journals Brief communication: New evidence further constraining Tibetan ice core chronologies to the Holocene

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 2109-2114
Author(s):  
Shugui Hou ◽  
Wangbin Zhang ◽  
Ling Fang ◽  
Theo M. Jenk ◽  
Shuangye Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Time Range ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Guliya Ice Core ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract. There is considerable controversy regarding the age ranges of Tibetan ice cores. The Guliya ice core was reported to reach as far back as ∼760 ka (kiloannum, i.e. 1000 years), whereas chronologies of all other Tibetan cores cover at most the Holocene. Here we present ages for two new ice cores reaching bedrock, from the Zangser Kangri (ZK) glacier in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau and the Shulenanshan (SLNS) glacier in the western Qilian Mountains. We estimated bottom ages of 8.90±0.570.56 ka and 7.46±1.461.79 ka for the ZK and SLNS ice core respectively, further constraining the time range accessible by Tibetan ice cores to the Holocene.

scholarly journals Precipitation regime and stable oxygen isotopes at Dome C, East Antarctica – a comparison of two extreme years 2009 and 2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (21) ◽  
pp. 30473-30509
Author(s):  
E. Schlosser ◽  
B. Stenni ◽  
M. Valt ◽  
A. Cagnati ◽  
J. G. Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Meridional Transport ◽  
Measuring Period

Abstract. At the East Antarctic deep ice core drilling site Dome C, daily precipitation measurements have been initiated in 2006 and are being continued until today. The amounts and stable isotope ratios of the precipitation samples as well as crystal types are determined. Within the measuring period, the two years 2009 and 2010 showed striking contrasting temperature and precipitation anomalies, particularly in the winter seasons. The reasons for these anomalies and their relation to stable isotope ratios are analysed using data from the mesoscale atmospheric model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) run under the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS). 2009 was relatively warm and moist due to frequent warm air intrusions connected to amplification of Rossby waves in the circumpolar westerlies, whereas the winter of 2010 was extremely dry and cold. It is shown that while in 2010 a strong zonal atmospheric flow was dominant, in 2009 an enhanced meridional flow prevailed, which increased the meridional transport of heat and moisture onto the East Antarctic plateau and led to a number of high-precipitation/warming events at Dome C. This was also evident in a positive (negative) SAM index and a negative (positive) ZW3 index during the winter months of 2010 (2009). Changes in the frequency or seasonality of such event-type precipitation can lead to a strong bias in the air temperature derived from stable water isotopes in ice cores.

scholarly journals Apparent discrepancy of Tibetan ice core <i>δ</i><sup>18</sup>O records may be attributed to misinterpretation of chronology

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugui Hou ◽  
Wangbin Zhang ◽  
Hongxi Pang ◽  
Shuang-Ye Wu ◽  
Theo M. Jenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Apparent Discrepancy ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Guliya Ice Core ◽  
Cooling Trend ◽  
Instrumental Period

Abstract. Ice cores from the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are widely used for reconstructing past climatic and environmental conditions that extend beyond the instrumental period. However, challenges in dating and interpreting ice core records often lead to inconsistent results. The Guliya ice core drilled from the northwestern TP suggested a cooling trend during the mid-Holocene based on its decreasing δ18O values, which is not observed in other Tibetan ice cores. Here we present a new high-resolution δ18O record of the Chongce ice cores drilled to bedrock ∼30 km away from the Guliya ice cap. Our record shows a warming trend during the mid-Holocene. Based on our results as well as previously published ice core data, we suggest that the apparent discrepancy between the Holocene δ18O records of the Guliya and the Chongce ice cores may be attributed to a possible misinterpretation of the Guliya ice core chronology.

scholarly journals New evidence for enhanced cosmogenic isotope production rate in the atmosphere ∼37 ka BP

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Wang Ninglian ◽  
Yao Tandong ◽  
Qin Dahe ◽  
L. G. Thompson ◽  
E. Mosley-Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Isotope Production ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotopes ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotope ◽  
Global Event ◽  
Guliya Ice Core ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Rate Comparison

AbstractA 36C1 peak has been found at about 37 ka BP in the Guliya ice core, drilled from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This peak is indicative of enhanced cosmogenic isotope production in the atmosphere, rather than a change in accumulation rate. Comparison with the records of 10Be and 36C1 in ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland indicates that peaks of the cosmogenic isotopes are global, and that they can be used as time markers for dating ice cores. Interestingly, the 37 ka BP global event coincided with a cold period.

scholarly journals Temperature and precipitation signal in two Alpine ice cores over the period 1961–2001

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5867-5891 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mariani ◽  
A. Eichler ◽  
S. Brönnimann ◽  
R. Auchmann ◽  
T. M. Jenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Annual Basis ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Regional Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Water stable isotope ratios and net snow accumulation in ice cores are usually interpreted as temperature and precipitation proxies. However, only in a few cases a direct calibration with instrumental data has been attempted. In this study we took advantage of the dense network of observations in the European Alpine region to rigorously test the relationship of the proxy data from two highly-resolved ice cores with local temperature and precipitation, respectively, on an annual basis. We focused on the time period 1961–2001 with the highest amount and quality of meteorological data and the minimal uncertainty in ice core dating (±1 yr). The two ice cores come from Fiescherhorn glacier (Northern Alps, 3900 m a.s.l.) and Grenzgletscher (Southern Alps, 4200 m a.s.l.). Due to the orographic barrier, the two flanks of the Alpine chain are affected by distinct patterns of precipitation. Therefore, the different location of the two ice cores offers the unique opportunity to test whether the precipitation proxy reflects this very local condition. We obtained a significant spatial correlation between annual δ18O and regional temperature at Fiescherhorn. Due to the pronounced intraseasonal to interannual variability of precipitation at Grenzgletscher, significant results were only found when weighting the temperature with precipitation. For this site, disentangling the temperature from the precipitation signal was thus not possible. Significant spatial correlations between net accumulation and precipitation were found for both sites but required the record from the Fiescherhorn glacier to be shifted by −1 yr (within the dating uncertainty). The study underlines that even for well-resolved ice core records, interpretation of proxies on an annual or even sub-annual basis remains critical. This is due to both, dating issues and the fact that the signal preservation intrinsically depends on precipitation.

scholarly journals Multiproxy records of climate variability for Kamchatka for the past 400 years

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Solomina ◽  
G. Wiles ◽  
T. Shiraiwa ◽  
R. D’Arrigo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proxy Records ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Decadal Variations

Abstract. Tree rings, ice cores and glacial geologic histories for the past several centuries offer an opportunity to characterize climate variability and to identify the key climate parameters forcing glacier expansions. A newly developed larch ring-width chronology is presented for Kamchatka that is sensitive to past summer temperature variability. This record provides the basis to compare with other proxy records of inferred temperature and precipitation change from ice core and glacier records, and to characterize climate for the region over the past 400 years. Individual low growth years in the larch record are associated with several known and proposed volcanic events that have been observed in other proxy records from the Northern Hemisphere. Comparison of the tree-rings with an ice core record of melt feature index for Kamchatka's Ushkovsky volcano confirms a 1–3 year dating accuracy for this ice core series over the late 18th to 20th centuries. Decadal variations of low summer temperatures (tree-ring record) and high annual precipitation (ice core record) are broadly consistent with intervals of positive mass balance measured and estimated at several glaciers, and with moraine building, provides a basis to interpret geologic glacier records.

scholarly journals Rapid changes in ice core gas records – Part 1: On the accuracy of methane synchronisation of ice cores

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1453-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Transition Points ◽  
Drilling Site ◽  
Log Normal

Abstract. Methane synchronisation is a concept to align ice core records during rapid climate changes of the Dansgaard/Oeschger (D/O) events onto a common age scale. However, atmospheric gases are recorded in ice cores with a log-normal-shaped age distribution probability density function, whose exact shape depends mainly on the accumulation rate on the drilling site. This age distribution effectively shifts the mid-transition points of rapid changes in CH4 measured in situ in ice by about 58% of the width of the age distribution with respect to the atmospheric signal. A minimum dating uncertainty, or artefact, in the CH4 synchronisation is therefore embedded in the concept itself, which was not accounted for in previous error estimates. This synchronisation artefact between Greenland and Antarctic ice cores is for GRIP and Byrd less than 40 years, well within the dating uncertainty of CH4, and therefore does not calls the overall concept of the bipolar seesaw into question. However, if the EPICA Dome C ice core is aligned via CH4 to NGRIP this synchronisation artefact is in the most recent unified ice core age scale (Lemieux-Dudon et al., 2010) for LGM climate conditions of the order of three centuries and might need consideration in future gas chronologies.

scholarly journals Glacier ice archives fifteen-thousand-year-old viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ping Zhong ◽  
Natalie E. Solonenko ◽  
Yueh-Fen Li ◽  
Maria C. Gazitúa ◽  
Simon Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Sampling Procedures

AbstractWhile glacier ice cores provide climate information over tens to hundreds of thousands of years, study of microbes is challenged by ultra-low-biomass conditions, and virtually nothing is known about co-occurring viruses. Here we establish ultra-clean microbial and viral sampling procedures and apply them to two ice cores from the Guliya ice cap (northwestern Tibetan Plateau, China) to study these archived communities. This method reduced intentionally contaminating bacterial, viral, and free DNA to background levels in artificial-ice-core control experiments, and was then applied to two authentic ice cores to profile their microbes and viruses. The microbes differed significantly across the two ice cores, presumably representing the very different climate conditions at the time of deposition that is similar to findings in other cores. Separately, viral particle enrichment and ultra-low-input quantitative viral metagenomic sequencing from ∼520 and ∼15,000 years old ice revealed 33 viral populations (i.e., species-level designations) that represented four known genera and likely 28 novel viral genera (assessed by gene-sharing networks). In silico host predictions linked 18 of the 33 viral populations to co-occurring abundant bacteria, including Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Janthinobacterium, indicating that viruses infected several abundant microbial groups. Depth-specific viral communities were observed, presumably reflecting differences in the environmental conditions among the ice samples at the time of deposition. Together, these experiments establish a clean procedure for studying microbial and viral communities in low-biomass glacier ice and provide baseline information for glacier viruses, some of which appear to be associated with the dominant microbes in these ecosystems.ImportanceThis study establishes ultra-clean microbial and viral sampling procedures for glacier ice, which complements prior in silico decontamination methods and expands, for the first time, the clean procedures to viruses. Application of these methods to glacier ice confirmed prior common microbiological findings for a new ice core climate record, and provides a first window into viral genomes and their ecology from glacier ice across two time horizons, and emphasizes their likely impact on abundant microbial groups. Together these efforts provide clean sampling approaches and foundational datasets that should enable simultaneous access to an archived virosphere in glacier ice.

scholarly journals Brief Communication: New evidence further constraining Tibetan ice core chronologies to the Holocene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shugui Hou ◽  
Wangbin Zhang ◽  
Ling Fang ◽  
Theo M. Jenk ◽  
Shuangye Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Time Range ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Guliya Ice Core ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract. There is considerable controversy regarding the age ranges of Tibetan ice cores. The Guliya ice core was reported to reach as far back as ~ 760 ka (thousand years), whereas chronologies of all other Tibetan cores cover at most the Holocene. Here we present ages for two new ice cores reaching bedrock, from the Zangser Kangri (ZK) glacier in the northwestern Tibetan Plateau and the Shulenanshan (SLNS) glacier in the western Qilian Mountains. We estimated bottom ages of 8.90 ± 0.57/0.56 ka BP and 7.46 ± 1.46/1.79 ka BP for the ZK and SLNS ice core respectively, constraining the time range accessible by Tibetan ice cores to the Holocene.

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