scholarly journals Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on the Excretory Function of the Liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Fidelis Oyakhire ◽  
Emokpae M.A ◽  
Enehizena Ogie ◽  
Egho E Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Diabetes mellitus is an internationally recognized health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. However, the most significant increase in prevalence is expected to occur in Asia and Africa, where most patients will be found by 2030. Diabetic Mellitus is a clinical and metabolic syndrome characterized by abnormal carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia, increased protein breakdown, Ketosis or acidosis due to absolute or relative deficiency, and insulin resistance, thereby leading to vascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. This study evaluated the levels of plasma bilirubin, ALP, and GGT among diabetic patients. A total of eighty (80) individuals were recruited for the study comprising of forty (40) diabetes patients with age range 25-80 years and forty (40) control subjects with the age range of 20-30 years in Irrua/Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. The study was carried out within six months (December 2018 - May 2019). All patients were diabetes. The serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total and conjugated bilirubin were assayed by spectrophotometric method, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software. Serum levels of ALP, GGT, Total and unconjugated bilirubin were significantly elevated (P<0.05) among diabetes patients than control subjects except for conjugated bilirubin which was lower (P>0.05)  when compared with that of the control subjects. The mean serum levels of  ALP, GGT, total, unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin of male diabetes patients were non statistically significant (P>0.05) when compared with female diabetes subjects except the age (P<0.05). These findings indicate that hepatic injury was more likely among diabetes, and liver enzymes (ALP, GGT) are critical for monitoring glucose control concomitant with hepatic injury. Bilirubin is a potentially important biomarker for the assessment of the hepatic excretory system in diabetes mellitus.

Tests for Platelet Changes, Acute Phase Reactants and Serum Lipids in Diabetes mellitus and Peripheral Vascular Disease

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A van Oost ◽  
B F E Veldhuyzen ◽  
H C van Houwelingen ◽  
A P M Timmermans ◽  
J J Sixma
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Peripheral Vascular Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control

SummaryPlatelets tests, acute phase reactants and serum lipids were measured in patients with diabetes mellitus and patients with peripheral vascular disease. Patients frequently had abnormal platelet tests and significantly increased acute phase reactants and serum lipids, compared to young healthy control subjects. These differences were compared with multidiscriminant analysis. Patients could be separated in part from the control subjects with variables derived from the measurement of acute phase proteins and serum lipids. Platelet test results improved the separation between diabetics and control subjects, but not between patients with peripheral vascular disease and control subjects. Diabetic patients with severe retinopathy frequently had evidence of platelet activation. They also had increased acute phase reactants and serum lipids compared to diabetics with absent or nonproliferative retinopathy. In patients with peripheral vascular disease, only the fibrinogen concentration was related to the degree of vessel damage by arteriography.

Prognostic value of gamma-glutamyl transferase in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gjin Ndrepepa ◽  
Roisin Colleran ◽  
Anke Luttert ◽  
Siegmund Braun ◽  
Salvatore Cassese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

scholarly journals Effect of ethanol extract of leaf of Cajanus indicus spreng in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatopathy in rates in relation to free radical scavenging action

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Biswajit Majumdar ◽  
Arun Kumar Sinha ◽  
Shrawan Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Conjugate Diene ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Glutathione Status ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Phytochemicals, that is, chemicals present in various plants and herbs , are now becoming important candidates for development of drugs.Wide range of medicinals plants {Plants from which potential photochemicals are isolated for development of drugs for treatment of diseases}present in South Asian countries have now been increasingly utilized for development of phytomedicines. Treatment with ethanol extract of leaf of Cajanus indicus Spreng at a dose of 50 mg /kg body weight for 20 days, after induction of hepatotoxic damage by CCl4, produce significant elevation of the hepatic injury. The liver marker enzymes like(Aspartate Transaminate) AST, GGT(Gamma Glutamyl Transferase), ALT(Alanine Transaminase) and ALP(Alkaline Phosphatase) decreased significantly at the above dose showing the optimum effect against hepatic damage. The liver antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase and the membrane damaging indicators TBARS(Thiobarbituric Acis Reactive Species), conjugate diene and marker of glutathione status indicate the mechanism of healing action to be due to scavenging of free radicals or ROS. The results thus gives a confirmatory proof that the healing action of ethanol extract of leaf of Cajanus indicus Spreng is for shifting of equilibrium from the peroxidant to antioxidant side and the leaf acts as a natural antioxidant and healer of CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i1.7284 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.1(1) 2011 20-26

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Levels in Diabetic Patients With and Without Retinopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Valizadeh ◽  
Rasoul Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Mehdizadeh ◽  
Qader Motarjemizadeh ◽  
Hamid Reza Khalkhali
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

scholarly journals Early Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disorders in Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Gasecka ◽  
Dominika Siwik ◽  
Magdalena Gajewska ◽  
Miłosz J. Jaguszewski ◽  
Tomasz Mazurek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease worldwide. There is a strong association between DM and neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. The first group mainly consists of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and stroke, whereas, the second group includes Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The aforementioned diseases have a common pathophysiological background including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis and vascular injury. The increasing prevalence of neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders among diabetic patients has resulted in an urgent need to develop biomarkers for their prediction and/or early detection. The aim of this review is to present the potential application of the most promising biomarkers of diabetes-related neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders, including amylin, β-amyloid, C-reactive protein (CRP), dopamine, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β, homocysteine, microRNAs (mi-RNAs), paraoxonase 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, tau protein and various growth factors. The most clinically promising biomarkers of neurovascular and neurodegenerative complications in DM are hsCRP, GGT, homocysteine and miRNAs. However, all biomarkers discussed in this review could become a part of the potential multi-biomarker screening panel for diabetic patients at risk of neurovascular and neurodegenerative complications.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase, Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in 1494 Patients with Various Genotypes for the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3923
Author(s):  
José María Hernández Pérez ◽  
Ignacio Blanco ◽  
Agustín Jesús Sánchez Medina ◽  
Laura Díaz Hernández ◽  
José Antonio Pérez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Normal Genotype

Background: Patients with liver disease associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are homozygous for the Z mutation, leading to chronic liver damage. Objective: To assess the serum levels of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in patients with different genotypes for the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) gene. Methods: Patients (n = 1494) underwent genotyping of the SERPINA1 gene, together with a determination of AAT and GOT and GPT and GGT transaminase levels. Patients with a deficient allele (n = 476) and with a normal genotype were compared. Results: A statistically significant association was found between deficient genotypes and GOT (p < 0.0003), GPT (p < 0.002), and GGT (p < 0.006). Comparing GOT levels in patients with PI*Z deficient variant versus those with normal genotype, an odds ratio (OR) of 2.72 (CI: 1.5–4.87) (p < 0.0005) was obtained. This finding was replicated with the PI*Z allele and the GPT values (OR = 2.31; CI: 1.45–3.67; p < 0.0003). In addition, a statistically significant association was found between liver enzymes and AAT values. Conclusion: The PI*Z allele seemed to be a risk factor for the development of liver damage. AAT deficient genotypes were associated with GOT, GPT, and GGT altered values. Low AAT levels were associated with high GPT and GGT levels.

scholarly journals Evolving liver inflammation in biochemically normal individuals with anti-mitochondria antibodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cristiane Baldo ◽  
Alessandra Dellavance ◽  
Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz ◽  
Luis Eduardo C. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Background Anti-mitochondria autoantibodies (AMA) occur in > 95% primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients. Biochemically normal AMA-positive (BN/AMA+) individuals, occasionally noticed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells and confirmed in AMA-specific assays, may represent early stages of PBC. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score is a surrogate marker for liver fibrosis. This prospective study investigated the ELF score in BN/AMA+ individuals and PBC patients, considering autoantibody avidity and serum levels along the years. Methods 327 samples from 35 PBC and 59 BN/AMA+ were prospectively obtained in average 3.83 (range 0.50–7.40) years apart. Samples were tested by IIF on rat-kidney (IIF-AMA), western-blot for AMA (WB-AMA), and ELISA for antibodies against pyruvate-dehydrogenase (PDC-E2), gp210, sp100 and CENP-A/B. Anti-PDC-E2 avidity was determined by 6 M urea-elution ELISA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (ɣGT) and ELF score were measured by automated methods. Results Along the follow-up period BN/AMA+ subjects and PBC patients presented significant increase in serum anti-PDC-E2 (mean 10.45% and 8.86% per year; respectively), anti-PDC-E2 avidity (3.02% and 4.94%/year) and ELF score (3.24% and 2.71%/year). IIF-AMA and ɣGT increased in BN/AMA+ (6.59% and 2.36%) and decreased in PBC (− 4.89%/year and − 3.88%/year). In BN/AMA+ individuals there was positive correlation of ELF with IIF-AMA titer (r = 0.465; p < 0.001) and with anti-PDC-E2 levels (r = 0.239; p < 0.001). Expansion of autoantibody targets along time occurred in 39% BN/AMA+ and 49% PBC patients. The frequency of BN/AMA+ with high probability of having established PBC increased from 7 to 14%. Conclusions BN/AMA+ individuals present an orchestrated increase in ELF score and humoral autoimmune response over time, indicating an opportunity for early therapeutic intervention and prevention in autoimmunity.

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